Ke hoʻouna aku nei i nā hale hōʻikeʻike pahu hau (a i ʻole nā pahu hōʻike) mai Kina a i nā mākeke honua, ʻo ke koho ʻana ma waena o ka ea a me ka ukana kai e pili ana i ke kumukūʻai, ka palena manawa, a me ka nui o ka ukana. Ma 2025, me nā hoʻoponopono kaiapuni IMO hou a me nā kumukūʻai wahie fluctuating, ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā kumukūʻai hou a me nā kikoʻī logistic he mea koʻikoʻi no nā ʻoihana. Hoʻokaʻawale kēia alakaʻi i nā kumukūʻai 2025, nā ala kikoʻī, a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo loea no nā wahi nui.
ʻO nā kumukūʻai kikoʻī mai Kina i nā wahi like ʻole a puni ka honua ma lalo nei:
1. Kina i Amerika Huipuia
(1)Ka ukana lewa
Uku: $4.25–$5.39 no ke kilo (100kg+). Hoʻohui ka wā kiʻekiʻe (Nov–Dec) i $1–$2/kg ma muli o ka nele o ka hiki.
Manawa Kaʻahele: 3-5 mau lā (Shanghai/Los Angeles nā lele pololei).
Pono No: Nā kauoha wikiwiki (e laʻa, ka wehe ʻana i ka hale ʻaina) a i ʻole nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi (≤5 ʻāpana).
(2)Ka ukana i kai (Nā pahu Reefer)
20ft Reefer: $2,000–$4,000 i Los Angeles; $3,000–$5,000 i New York.
40ft Kiekie Cube Reefer: $3,000–$5,000 i Los Angeles; $4,000–$6,000 i New York.
Nā mea hoʻohui: Uku hana no ka pahu hau ($1,500–$2,500/container) + dute lawe mai US (9% no ka helu HS 8418500000).
Manawa Kaʻahele: 18–25 lā (West Coast); 25–35 lā (East Coast).
Pono No: Nā kauoha nui (10+ mau ʻāpana) me nā manawa maʻalahi.
2. Kina i Europa
Uku Ea
Uku: $4.25–$4.59 no ke kilo (100kg+). ʻO nā ala ʻo Frankfurt/Paris ʻoi loa ka paʻa.
Manawa Transit: 4-7 mau lā (Guangzhou/Amsterdam lele pololei).
Nā memo: Hoʻohui ʻo EU ETS (Emissions Trading System) ~ €5/ton i nā hoʻopiʻi kalapona.
Ka ukana moana (Reefer Containers)
20ft Reefer: $1,920–$3,500 i Hamburg (Northern Europe); $3,500–$5,000 i Barcelona (Mediterranean).
40ft High Cube Reefer: $3,200–$5,000 i Hamburg; $5,000–$7,000 i Barcelona.
Nā Pākuʻi: ʻO ka hoʻonui wahie sulfur haʻahaʻa (LSS: $140/container) ma muli o nā lula IMO 2025.
Manawa Transit: 28–35 mau lā (Northern Europe); 32–40 lā (Mediterranean).
3. Kina i Asia Hema
Uku Ea
Uku: $2–$3 no ke kilo (100kg+). Nā laʻana: Kina→Vietnam ($2.1/kg); Kina→Tailani ($2.8/kg).
Manawa Transit: 1-3 mau lā (mau mokulele ʻāpana).
Ka ukana moana (Reefer Containers)
20ft Reefer: $800–$1,500 i Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam); $1,200–$1,800 i Bangkok (Thailand).
Manawa Kaʻa: 5-10 mau lā (nā ala pōkole).
4. Kina i Aferika
Uku Ea
Uku: $5–$7 no ke kilo (100kg+). Nā laʻana: Kina→Nigeria ($6.5/kg); Kina→ ʻApelika Hema ($5.2/kg).
Nā Luʻi: Hoʻohui ʻo Lagos port congestion i $300-$500 i nā uku hoʻopaneʻe.
Ka ukana moana (Reefer Containers)
20ft Reefer: $3,500–$4,500 i Lagos (Nigeria); $3,200–$4,000 i Durban (Apelika Hema).
Manawa Transit: 35–45 lā.
Nā mea nui e pili ana i nā kumukūʻai 2025
1. Na koina wahie
ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka wahie mokulele he 10% e hoʻonui i ka ukana ea ma 5-8%; ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahie kai, akā he 30% keu aku nā koho koho haʻahaʻa sulfur.
2. Kaumaha
Piʻi ka ukana ea i ka wā Q4 (Black Friday, Christmas); piʻi ka ukana ma mua o ka makahiki hou o Kina (Ian–Feb).
3. Hooponopono
ʻO ka EU CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism) a me nā kumukūʻai kila US (a hiki i 50%) e hoʻohui i 5-10% i ka huina kālā.
4. ʻO nā kikoʻī ukana
Pono nā hale hōʻikeʻike i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka mahana (0-10°C). ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia he $200+/hola ka uku.
Nā Manaʻo Kūkākūkā no ka mālama kālā
(1)Hoʻohui i nā hoʻouna:
No nā kauoha liʻiliʻi (2-5 mau ʻāpana), e hoʻohana i ka LCL (Less than Container Load) i ka ukana kai e ʻoki i nā kumukūʻai ma 30%.
(2) Hoʻonui i ka Packaging
Wehe i nā puka aniani/pāpā e hoʻemi i ka leo—e mālama i ka 15–20% ma ka ukana ea (kau ʻia e ke kaumaha nui: lōʻihi×ākea×kiʻekiʻe/6000).
(3)Ka nui o ka puke ma mua
E hoʻopaʻa i nā moena kai/ea 4-6 mau pule ma mua i nā kau kiʻekiʻe e pale i ka uku uku.
(4)Inikua
E hoʻohui i "ka uhi hoʻokaʻawale wela" (0.2% o ka waiwai ukana) e pale aku i ka pōʻino a i ʻole nā mea hana.
FAQ: Hoʻouna ʻana i nā mea hōʻikeʻike pahu hau mai Kina
Nīnau: He aha nā palapala e pono ai no nā kuʻuna?
A: ʻO ka pepa pāʻoihana, papa inoa hoʻopili, palapala hōʻoia CE / UL (no EU / US), a me kahi log wela (pono no nā reefers).
Nīnau: Pehea e mālama ai i nā waiwai pōʻino?
A: E nānā i ka ukana ma nā awa hoʻokuʻu a waiho i kahi koi i loko o 3 mau lā (ea) a i ʻole 7 lā (kai) me nā kiʻi o ka pōʻino.
Nīnau: He koho anei ka ukana kaʻa no ʻEulopa?
A: ʻAe—Kina→Europe rail lawe 18-22 lā, me ka uku ~30% haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka ea akā 50% kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kai.
No ka makahiki 2025, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ukana o ke kai no ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā pahu hōʻikeʻike pahu hau nui (e mālama ana i ka 60%+ vs. ea), ʻoiai e kūpono ana ka ukana ea i nā kauoha wikiwiki a liʻiliʻi. E hoʻohana i kēia alakaʻi no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ala, ka helu ʻana i nā uku hoʻonui, a e hoʻolālā i mua e pale i ka lohi o ka wā kiʻekiʻe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Aug-05-2025 Nānā: