ʻO nā kikoʻī kikoʻī o nā keʻena hōʻike keke pāʻoihana pāʻoihana ke kumu no ka helu ʻana i ka ukana honua. Ma waena o nā hiʻohiʻona nui i ka honua holoʻokoʻa, nā keʻena liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (0.8-1 mika ka lōʻihi) loaʻa ka puʻupuʻu i hoʻopili ʻia ma kahi o 0.8-1.2 cubic mika a me ke kaumaha nui o 60-90 kg; ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona liʻiliʻi (1-1.5 mika) ka nui o 1.2-1.8 cubic mika a me ke kaumaha nui o 90-150 kg; ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau nui (ma luna o 1.5 mau mika) pinepine ma mua o 2 cubic mika i ka nui a hiki ke kaumaha ma luna o 200 kg.
Ma ka loiloi honua, helu ʻia ka ukana kai e nā "mika cubic", aʻo ka ukana ea e helu ʻia ma muli o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe ma waena o "kilograms" a i ʻole "dimensional weight" (lōʻihi × laula × kiʻekiʻe ÷ 5000, me kekahi mau mokulele e hoʻohana ana i 6000). ʻO ka lawe ʻana i kahi keʻena kīʻaha 1.2 mika me ka nui o ka nui ma ke ʻano he laʻana, ʻo kona kaumaha nui he 300 kg (1.5 cubic mika × 200). Inā hoʻouna ʻia ma ka lewa mai Kina a i ʻEulopa, ʻo ka ukana kumu ma kahi o $3-5 no ka kg, ʻo ka hopena o ka ukana ea wale nō mai ka $900-1500; ma ke kai ($20-40 no ka mita cubic), ʻo ka ukana kumu he $30-60 wale nō, akā ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka holo kaʻa e like me 30-45 mau lā.
Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo nā koi pololei o nā mea hana e hoʻohui i nā kumukūʻai hou.Ma muli o nā compressors i kūkulu ʻia a me ke aniani aniani, pono e hoʻokō ka halihali honua i nā kūlana paʻa ISTA 3A. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o nā pahu lāʻau anti-tilt maʻamau ma kahi o $ 50-100 no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻopili maʻalahi no ka lawe ʻana i ka home. Pono kekahi mau ʻāina (e like me Australia a me New Zealand) i nā mea hana e hui pū ʻia me nā palapala fumigation, me nā uku ma kahi o $30-50 no kēlā me kēia pūʻulu.
2. Nā ʻokoʻa o ke kumukūʻai a me nā hiʻohiʻona pili o nā ʻano kaʻa kaʻa o ka palena palena
I ke kālepa honua, ʻo ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano kaʻa kaʻa e hoʻoholo pololei i nā kumukūʻai ukana, me nā ʻokoʻa kumu kūʻai ma waena o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole a hiki i nā manawa he 10:
- ukana kai: He kūpono no ka lawe nui ʻana (10 ʻāpana a ʻoi aku paha). ʻO kahi pahu piha (hiki i ka pahu 20 kapuaʻi ke hoʻopaʻa i nā keʻena liʻiliʻi 20-30) mai Asia a hiki i nā awa nui ʻEulopa (Rotterdam, Hamburg) ke kumukūʻai ma kahi o $1500-3000, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i hoʻokahi ʻāpana he $50-150 wale nō; Ua helu ʻia ʻo LCL (emi ma mua o ka pahu pahu) e nā mika cubic, me ʻAsia a hiki i ke Komohana Komohana o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau ma kahi o $30-50 no kēlā me kēia mika cubic, e loaʻa ana i kahi ukana ukana nui ma kahi o $45-90, akā me nā uku wehe hou (e pili ana i $20-30 no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana).
- Ka ukana ea: He kūpono no nā kauoha wikiwiki. ʻO ka ukana ea mai ʻAsia a hiki i ʻAmelika ʻĀkau he $4-8 no ka kg, me kahi keʻena liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (300 kg dimensional kaumaha) ke kumu kūʻai he $1200-2400, 20-30 manawa ko ka ukana kai; ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ukana ea intra-European (e laʻa, Kelemānia a Farani), ma kahi o $2-3 no ka kg, me nā kumukūʻai hoʻokahi e hāʻule ana i $600-900.
- Kaʻi ʻāina: Ua kaupalena ʻia i nā ʻāina kokoke, e like me ka EU mai Sepania a Polani. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka halihali ʻāina ʻo 专线 ma kahi o $1.5-2 no kēlā me kēia km, me kahi huakaʻi 1000-km he $150-200 no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, me ka manawa o 3-5 mau lā a me nā kumukūʻai ma waena o ka ukana kai a me ka ea.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia ka ukana o ka honua i nā uku hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka dute. No ka laʻana, ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, kau ʻia nā keʻena keke kalepa i lawe ʻia mai i ka 2.5% -5% tariff (HTS code 841869), a me nā uku ʻae ʻae ʻae (ma kahi o $100-200 no ka hoʻouna ʻana), e hoʻonui ana i ke kumukūʻai ʻāina maoli e 10% -15%.
3. Ka hopena o nā pūnaewele Logistics Regional ma ka Terminal Freight
ʻO ke kaulike ʻole o nā ʻupena logistic honua e alakaʻi i nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi i nā kumukūʻai hoʻoili terminal ma nā wahi:
Nā mākeke makua ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika: Me nā ʻōnaehana logistic i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia, haʻahaʻa nā kumu kūʻai mai nā awa a i nā hale kūʻai. Ma US, mai ke awa o Los Angeles a hiki i ke kaona o Chicago, he $80-150 ka uku no ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻāina no kahi keʻena kuhina nui; ma Europa, mai ke awa o Hamburg a hiki i ke kaona o Munich, e pili ana i € 50-100 (e like me $60-120), me ke koho o ka hoʻouna 'ana (e koi ana i ka uku lawelawe $20-30).
ʻO nā mākeke e kū mai ana: He kiʻekiʻe nā kumukūʻai mile hope. Ma Asia Hikina Hema (e laʻa, Jakarta, Indonesia), ʻo ka uku hoʻouna mai ke awa a hiki i ke kūlanakauhale ma kahi o $100-200 no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, me nā uku hou e like me nā uku a me nā uku komo; ma ka lawe ʻana i uka mai ke awa o Lagos, Nigeria, ma muli o nā kūlana alanui maikaʻi ʻole, hiki i ka ukana ʻāpana hoʻokahi ke piʻi i $200-300, e helu ana no 30% -50% o ke kumukūʻai CIF.
Nā wahi mamao: ʻO ka nui o nā transshipments e alakaʻi i nā kumukūʻai pālua. ʻO nā ʻāina e like me Paraguay ma ʻAmelika Hema a me Malawi i ʻApelika e koi aku i nā waiwai e hoʻouna ʻia ma nā awa kokoke, me ka huina o ka ukana no kahi keʻena liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (me ka transshipment) hiki i $ 800-1500, ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kumu kūʻai o nā lako ponoʻī.
4. Nā hoʻolālā no ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā kumukūʻai ukana ma ka loaʻa honua
Ma ke kālepa honua, hiki i ka hoʻolālā kūpono o nā loulou logistic ke hoʻemi pono i ka nui o nā kumukūʻai ukana:
ʻO ka halihali kikowaena nui: ʻO nā kauoha o 10 mau ʻāpana a ʻoi aku paha me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ukana kai piha piha e hiki ke mālama i ka 30% -40% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me LCL. No ka laʻana, ka hoʻouna ʻana mai Kina a Brazil, ʻo kahi pahu piha 20-kapuai e kūʻai ana ma kahi o $4000 (hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i 25 mau ʻāpana), me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana he $160; ʻO ka hoʻouna ʻana i 10 mau pūʻulu LCL kaʻawale e loaʻa i ka ukana no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana ʻoi aku ma mua o $300.
Hoʻolālā hale kūʻai kūloko: ʻO ka hoʻolimalimaʻana i nā hale kūʻai ma nā'āina'ē ma nā mākeke koʻikoʻi e like meʻAmelika Hema a meʻEulopa, me ka hoʻohanaʻana i keʻano hoʻohālike "ka ukana piha i ka moana + ka hoʻoili hale kūʻai o waho", hiki ke hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai hoʻokahi mai $ 150 i ka $ 50-80. ʻo kahi laʻana,Amazon FBAKākoʻo nā hale kūʻai ʻEulopa i ka mālama ʻana i nā lako kaulahao anuanu, me ka uku hoʻolimalima o kēlā me kēia mahina ma kahi o $10-15 no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ke kumukūʻai o nā hoʻouna lehulehu.
5. E kuhikuhi ana no nā pae ukana o ka mākeke honua
Ma muli o nā kūlana logistics o ka honua, hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ka ukana honua no nā keʻena hōʻike keke pāʻoihana pāʻoihana i nā pae aʻe (nā mea āpau no nā keʻena liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi, me ka ukana maʻamau + ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kuʻuna + ka lawe ʻana i ka terminal):
- Kalepa ma waena o ka ʻāina (e laʻa, ma loko o ka EU, ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau): $150-300;
- ʻO ka lawe ʻana ma waena o nā ʻāina kokoke i ka moana (Asia a hiki i Asia Hema, ʻEulopa a i ʻApelika ʻĀkau): $300-600;
- ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka moana ma waena o ka honua (Asia i ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ʻEulopa a i ʻAmelika Hema): $600-1200;
- Nā wahi mamao (i uka o ʻApelika, nā ʻāina liʻiliʻi o ʻAmelika Hema): $1200-2000.
Eia kekahi, pono ka nānā ʻana i nā kumukūʻai hou aku i nā wā kūikawā: no kēlā me kēia 10% piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai wahie, piʻi nā kumukūʻai o ke kai ma 5%-8%; ʻO nā ala alahele i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā hakakā geopolitical (e like me ka pilikia o ke Kaiʻula) hiki ke pālua i ka uku ukana ma nā ala o Asia-Europa, e hoʻonui ana i ke kumu kūʻai o hoʻokahi ʻāpana e $300-500.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-10-2025 Nānā: