Rau cov neeg nyiam ua mov ci hauv tsev, qhov cub thiab cov tshuab sib tov khoom yog cov "khoom siv tseem ceeb," tab sis ob peb tug neeg paub - lub tub yees yog "tus thawj coj pabcuam ua mov ci." Txij li kev tswj cov butter kom mos thiab ua kom cov hmoov nplej txias rau kev ua kom fermentation mus txog rau kev khaws cov whipping cream thiab khaws cov ncuav mog qab zib tiav lawm, txhua kauj ruam vam khom lub tub yees txoj kev txhawb nqa. Kev xaiv lub tub yees kom raug rau cov kev xav tau ua mov ci tuaj yeem ua rau koj ua tiav ob npaug thiab txuag koj ntau yam teeb meem.
1. Kev Tswj Kub Kom Tseeb + Kev Hloov Kub Tsawg Kawg Nkaus: Tiv Thaiv Kev Phom Sij Rau Kev Ci Khoom Noj
Kev ci khoom noj puas rhiab heev rau qhov kub thiab txias? Xav txog qhov piv txwv yooj yim no: Kev ua kom cov mis nyuj qab zib xav tau qhov chaw txias. Yog tias lub tub yees txias dhau, cov mis nyuj qab zib yuav yaj ua ntej lub sijhawm, ua rau nws tsis tuaj yeem ua kom ruaj khov. Ib yam li ntawd, cov butter rau cov ncuav qab zib yuav tsum tau txias kom txog thaum nws khov kho. Yog tias qhov kub hloov pauv ntawm 1-2 ° C xwb, cov butter yuav mos heev, ua rau cov ncuav qab zib poob lawv cov duab lossis ua rau nws nplaum. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov neeg ua mov ci hauv tsev thaum xaiv lub tub yees.
Lub tub yees txias uas zoo rau kev ci yuav tsum tswj qhov kub ntawm lub tub yees txias kom ruaj khov ntawm 3-5°C thiab qhov kub ntawm lub tub yees khov kom ruaj khov hauv qab -18°C. Qhov kub sib txawv ntawm ntau thaj chaw hauv lub tub yees yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1°C. Xaiv cov qauv uas muaj "kev tswj kub hauv computer," uas muaj kev hloov kho kom meej dua li cov tshuab kho tshuab thiab muab cov lus qhia kub tiag tiag rau kev saib xyuas yooj yim thaum ci. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee lub tub yees txias zoo muaj "kev siv tshuab cua txias," uas ua kom muaj cua txias sib npaug thoob plaws hauv lub tub yees. Qhov no tiv thaiv cov khoom xyaw kom tsis txhob khov ze ntawm cov qhov cua lossis puas vim kub dhau thaum khaws cia deb ntawm lawv, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev khaws cov khoom xyaw ci uas xav tau qhov kub ruaj khov.
2. Chav Muab Kub Hloov Tau Tshwj Xeeb Rau Kev Xav Tau Ci Ntau Yam
Hauv kev ua mov ci hauv tsev, cov khoom xyaw thiab cov txheej txheem sib txawv xav tau qhov kub thiab txias sib txawv: cov hmoov nplej xav tau 1-4°C rau kev ua kom txias, butter xav tau 8-10°C kom mos, chocolate xav tau 5-8°C rau kev teeb, thiab mousses tiav lawm xav tau 0-4°C rau kev khaws cia. Cov chaw txias thiab lub tub yees khov kho xwb tsis muaj zog ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb no. Qhov no yog qhov uas qhov chaw sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg nyiam ua mov ci.
Ib lub thawv uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias sib txawv yuav tsum muaj qhov kub thiab txias uas hloov tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm -7°C txog 10°C. Piv txwv li, thaum muab cov khob cij tso rau hauv lub tub yees kom ferment, teeb lub thawv rau 2°C. Qhov no ua kom cov ferment qeeb qeeb yam tsis muaj kev ncua vim txias dhau. Yuav kom butter mos, kho rau 10°C. Qhov no ua rau butter maj mam mos hauv qhov kub thiab txias tas li kom txog thaum nws mus txog qhov "nws yooj yim rau kev nias ntiv tes yam tsis lo," muab kev ruaj khov dua li kev ua kom sov hauv chav - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo rau lub caij ntuj sov lossis chav txias uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, qhov chaw hloov pauv qhov kub kuj tseem ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau kev khaws cov khoom xyaw uas lwj xws li whipping cream thiab cheese, tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm cov saj thiab khaws cia lawv cov saj ntshiab.
3. Muaj Peev Xwm Txias Txaus, Tshwj Xeeb nrog Kev Tsim Qauv Drawer-Style
Thaum koj pib ua khoom qab zib hauv tsev, qhov xav tau khaws cov khoom xyaw thiab cov khoom tiav lawm yuav nce ntxiv ntau heev: cov khoom qab zib whipping cream, cream cheese, qe, mis nyuj, thiab lwm yam khoom xyaw yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees; cov khoom ci xws li ncuav mog qab zib, ncuav qab zib, thiab mov ci yuav tsum tau khaws cia kom nruj; thiab qee zaum cov khob cij uas tau kneaded ua ntej lossis cov khoom sau uas tau npaj lawm yuav tsum tau txias rau kev siv tom qab. Yog tias lub tub yees txias qhov chaw cia khoom txias me dhau, koj yuav yooj yim ntsib cov xwm txheej uas "cov khoom xyaw tsis haum, thiab cov khoom ci tau raug zawm tawm ntawm cov duab," cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev paub txog kev ci.
Cov neeg ua mov ci hauv tsev raug qhia kom xaiv cov tub yees uas muaj peev xwm txias tsawg kawg yog 250 litres. Rau cov tsev neeg loj dua lossis cov neeg ua mov ci ntau zaus, lub peev xwm tshaj 300 litres muaj kev ywj pheej ntau dua. Tshaj li qhov muaj peev xwm, kev txias txias zoo li lub tub rau khoom tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Piv rau cov txee qhib, cov tub rau khoom tswj tau qhov kub thiab txias ruaj khov dua thiab tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm cov khoom xyaw. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog tshwj xeeb rau kev khaws cov khob cij uas xav tau kev sib khi, cov ncuav mog qab zib tiav lawm, thiab cov khoom zoo sib xws. Qee lub tub rau khoom tub yees kuj muaj lub luag haujlwm "kev khaws cia cov av noo siab", tswj cov av noo li ntawm 90% hauv lub tub rau khoom. Qhov no yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev khaws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab, zaub, thiab lwm yam khoom xyaw ci (xws li txiv pos nphuab lossis txiv nkhaus taw rau cov ncuav mog qab zib txiv hmab txiv ntoo), ua kom lawv lub txee ntev dua thiab tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob qhuav.
4. Khov Qhov Av noo Tsawg + Khov Sai: Cov Khoom Xyaw Tshiab Ntev Dua
Muaj ntau tus neeg ua mov ci hauv tsev npaj cov khoom xyaw ntau ua ntej, xws li butter khov, khob cij khov, thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo khov. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev xav tau ntau dua rau lub tub yees lub peev xwm khov. Kev ua haujlwm khov zoo yuav tsum muaj ob yam ntxwv tseem ceeb: khov qis qis thiab khov sai.
Kev khov uas muaj av noo tsawg yuav txo cov dej noo hauv lub tub yees, tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj te los ntawm cov khoom noj. Yog tias butter, khob cij, lossis lwm yam khoom xyaw pib te, cov dej noo ntau dhau thaum yaj tuaj yeem ua rau cov qauv thiab saj tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, cov butter khov uas siv rau hauv cov ncuav qab zib ua rau cov khob cij thiab cov khoom ci mos thiab ntub dej. Kev khov sai sai ua rau cov khoom xyaw txias mus rau qhov kub khov sai, kaw cov as-ham thiab cov dej noo sai sai thaum tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hlwb. Thaum khov cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab, kev khov sai sai khaws nws cov qauv ruaj khov, tiv thaiv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas yaj mos lossis dej - zoo tagnrho rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tarts lossis ncuav mog qab zib.
Yog li ntawd, lub tub yees uas muaj kev tsim ua ntu zus yog qhov zoo tagnrho. Nws tso cai rau kev khaws cia sib cais ntawm ntau hom khoom xyaw khov, tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntxhiab thiab tseem ua rau kev khaws cia sai.
5. Kev Ua Haujlwm Tshiab Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob, Tiv Thaiv Kev Nyab Xeeb Khoom Noj
Cov khoom xyaw ua ncuav mog qab zib, qe, mis nyuj, mis nyuj qab zib, thiab lwm yam khoom zoo sib xws yog cov khoom uas lwj sai heev thiab muaj ntau yam khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig, ua rau lawv yooj yim loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob. Yog tias muaj cov kab mob nyob hauv lub tub yees, nws tuaj yeem ua rau puas tsuaj tau yooj yim, tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau qhov saj ntawm cov khoom ci xwb tab sis kuj tseem muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kev noj qab haus huv. Yog li ntawd, kev khaws cia cov tshuaj tua kab mob kom tshiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg ua ncuav mog qab zib hauv tsev thaum xaiv lub tub yees.
Cov thev naus laus zis tua kab mob hauv lub tub yees niaj hnub no suav nrog cov nyiaj ion tua kab mob, UV ultraviolet tua kab mob, thiab photocatalytic tua kab mob. Cov thev naus laus zis no tiv thaiv tau cov kab mob loj hlob zoo xws li E. coli thiab Staphylococcus aureus hauv lub tub yees, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua qias tuaj ntawm cov zaub mov. Nws raug pom zoo kom xaiv cov tub yees uas muaj cov ntawv lo qhia meej tias "tus nqi tua kab mob ≥99%" thiab muab qhov tseem ceeb rau cov qauv nrog cov khoom siv qib zaub mov rau sab hauv kom ntseeg tau tias cov zaub mov muaj kev nyab xeeb ntxiv.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tub yees txias yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Lub foob ruaj khov tiv thaiv cov kab mob sab nraud kom tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv thiab txo qhov poob cua txias, yog li ua rau kom cov khoom tshiab.
6. Kev Ua Haujlwm Ntsoov Ntsoov Rau Kev Muaj Tswv Yim Ci Khoom Noj Tsis Muaj Kev Cuam Tshuam
Kev ua mov ci hauv tsev feem ntau yuav tsum siv sijhawm ntev hauv chav ua noj—txij li kev npaj cov khoom xyaw, kev sib tov hmoov nplej, thiab kev ua kom fermentation mus txog rau kev ci thiab txias. Lub suab nrov ntawm lub tub yees txias ntau dhau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam koj txoj kev muaj tswv yim thiab txawm tias cuam tshuam rau kev hnov cov teeb liab tseem ceeb ntawm qhov cub (xws li kev ceeb toom ua ntej ua kom sov lossis kev hloov pauv me me thaum lub sijhawm ua kom fermentation hmoov nplej).
Yog li ntawd, thaum kev ua haujlwm ntsiag to tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev paub ci.
Xaiv cov tub yees uas muaj suab nrov ua haujlwm ≤38dB—sib npaug rau kev sib tham ntsiag to—kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam thaum siv txhua hnub. Thaum xaiv, nco ntsoov hom compressor: inverter compressors khiav du thiab ntsiag to dua li cov qauv zaus ruaj khov.
Kev txo qhov kev co ntawm lub tub yees kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau qib suab nrov. Cov ceg txo kev co zoo txo qhov kev co thaum ua haujlwm, thiab txo qhov suab nrov ntxiv.
Hauv qab no yog cov lus qhia xaiv sib txawv
Muab qhov tseem ceeb rau "kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias kom raug" thiab "muaj peev xwm txias txaus." Xaiv tus qauv yooj yim uas muaj kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias hauv computer thiab muaj peev xwm txias ≥250L kom tau raws li qhov xav tau kev ci txhua hnub.
Xaiv cov qauv uas muaj "chaw sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias" thiab "kev khaws cia cov tshuaj tua kab mob tshiab." Lub chaw sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias haum rau ntau qhov xwm txheej ci, thaum cov thev naus laus zis tua kab mob tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov zaub mov, muab tus nqi zoo dua rau cov nyiaj.
Rau cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws, muab qhov tseem ceeb rau cov yam ntxwv xws li "kev khov qis-humidity + kev khov sai," "kev siv tshuab cua," thiab "kev ua haujlwm inverter ntsiag to." Tib lub sijhawm xav txog qhov muaj peev xwm thiab qhov tsim ntawm chav kom txhim kho koj qhov kev paub ci.
Nyob rau hauv kev tsom mus rau qhov xav tau tseem ceeb ntawm "kev khaws cia zaub mov" thiab "kev hloov pauv tau raws li qhov xwm txheej," tsom mus rau rau lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb no - kev tswj qhov kub kom raug, qhov chaw hloov pauv qhov kub ywj pheej, muaj peev xwm txaus, kev khov zoo, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntsiag to ntawm cov kab mob tua kab mob - yuav pab koj xaiv lub tub yees "phooj ywg rau kev ci" uas haum rau koj cov kev xav tau.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis-30-2025 Cov neeg saib: