Mgbe a na-ebuga ihe ngosi ndị e ji friji mee (ma ọ bụ ihe ngosi) site na China gaa n'ahịa ụwa, ịhọrọ n'etiti ibu ụgbọelu na nke oké osimiri dabere na ọnụ ahịa, oge, na nha ibu. Na 2025, site na iwu gburugburu ebe obibi IMO ọhụrụ na ọnụahịa mmanụ ọkụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, nghọta nke nkọwa ọnụahịa na nhazi kachasị ọhụrụ dị oke mkpa maka azụmaahịa. Nduzi a na-akọwa ọnụego 2025, nkọwa ụzọ, na ndụmọdụ ọkachamara maka ebe ndị bụ isi.
Ọnụahịa kpọmkwem site na China ruo mpaghara dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa dị n'okpuru:
1. Chaịna gaa mba Amerịka
(1) Ibu Ikuku
Ọnụego: $4.25–$5.39 kwa kilogram (100kg+). Oge kachasị elu (Nọvemba–Disemba) na-agbakwụnye $1–$2/kg n'ihi enweghị ikike.
Oge Njem: ụbọchị 3–5 (ụgbọelu kpọmkwem nke Shanghai/Los Angeles).
Kachasị Mma Maka: Iwu ngwa ngwa (dịka ọmụmaatụ, oghere ụlọ nri) ma ọ bụ obere ogbe (≤5 nkeji).
(2) Ibu Ụgbọ Mmiri (Ngwaọrụ Reefer)
Reefer dị mita 20: $2,000–$4,000 na Los Angeles; $3,000–$5,000 na New York.
Reefer Cube Dị Elu nke 40ft: $3,000–$5,000 na Los Angeles; $4,000–$6,000 na New York.
Mgbakwunye: Ụgwọ ọrụ maka itinye ihe n'ime friji ($1,500–$2,500/akpa) + ụgwọ mbubata US (9% maka koodu HS 8418500000).
Oge Njemụbọchị 18–25 (Ọdịda Anyanwụ); ụbọchị 25–35 (Ọdịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ).
Kachasị Mma Maka: Iwu buru ibu (10+ nkeji) nwere usoro oge mgbanwe.
2. Chaịna gaa Yuropu
Ibu Ikuku
Ọnụego: $4.25–$4.59 kwa kilogram (100kg+). Ụzọ Frankfurt/Paris dị mma nke ukwuu.
Oge Njem: ụbọchị 4–7 (ụgbọelu Guangzhou/Amsterdam kpọmkwem).
Ihe ndị a: EU ETS (Usoro Azụmaahịa Emission) na-agbakwụnye ihe dịka €5/ton na ụgwọ carbon.
Ibu Ụgbọ Mmiri (Ngwaọrụ Reefer)
Reefer dị mita 20: $1,920–$3,500 gaa Hamburg (Ugwu Yuropu); $3,500–$5,000 gaa Barcelona (Mediterranean).
Reefer dị mita 40 nke dị elu: $3,200–$5,000 gaa Hamburg; $5,000–$7,000 gaa Barcelona.
Mgbakwunye: Mgbakwunye mmanụ ọkụ dị ala nke nwere sọlfọ (LSS: $140 kwa akpa) n'ihi iwu IMO 2025.
Oge Njem: ụbọchị 28–35 (Ugwu Yuropu); ụbọchị 32–40 (Mediterranean).
3. Chaịna gaa Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia
Ibu Ikuku
Ọnụego: $2–$3 kwa kilogram (100kg+). Ihe atụ: China→ Vietnam ($2.1/kg); China → Thailand ($2.8/kg).
Oge Njem: 1–3 ụbọchị (ụgbọelu mpaghara).
Ibu Ụgbọ Mmiri (Ngwaọrụ Reefer)
20ft Reefer: $800–$1,500 ruo Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam); $1,200–$1,800 gaa Bangkok (Thailand).
Oge Njem: ụbọchị 5–10 (ụzọ dị mkpirikpi).
4. Chaịna gaa Afrịka
Ibu Ikuku
Ọnụego: $5–$7 kwa kilogram (100kg+). Ihe atụ: Chaịna →Naịjiria ($6.5/kg); Chaịna →Saụt Afrịka ($5.2/kg).
Nsogbu: Mkpọchi ụgbọ mmiri Lagos na-agbakwụnye ụgwọ igbu oge $300–$500.
Ibu Ụgbọ Mmiri (Ngwaọrụ Reefer)
Reefer dị mita 20: $3,500–$4,500 gaa Lagos (Naijiria); $3,200–$4,000 gaa Durban (South Africa).
Oge Njem: ụbọchị 35–45.
Isi Ihe Ndị Na-emetụta Ọnụ Ahịa 2025
1. Ọnụ ego mmanụ ụgbọala
Mmụba 10% na mmanụ jet na-eme ka ibu ụgbọelu dịkwuo elu site na 5–8%; mmanụ ụgbọ mmiri na-emetụta ọnụego oké osimiri obere mana nhọrọ sọlfọ dị ala na-efu karịa 30%.
2. Oge oge
Ibu ụgbọelu na-arị elu n'oge Q4 (Fraịde ojii, Krismas); ibu mmiri na-arị elu tupu Afọ Ọhụrụ nke China (Jenụwarị-Febụwarị).
3. Iwu
EU CBAM (Usoro Mgbanwe Ókè Carbon) na ụtụ isi ígwè nke US (ruo 50%) na-agbakwụnye 5–10% na mkpokọta ọnụ ahịa.
4. Nkọwapụta Ibu
Ihe ngosi ndị e ji friji mee chọrọ mbupu okpomọkụ (0–10°C). Enweghị iwu ga-eme ka a tụọ gị ntaramahụhụ ruru $200+/awa.
Ndụmọdụ Ndị Ọkachamara Maka Ichekwa Ọnụ Ego
(1) Jikọta Mbupu:
Maka obere iwu (nkeji 2-5), jiri ibu ụgbọ mmiri LCL (Less than Container Load) belata ọnụ ahịa site na 30%.
(2) Mee ka nkwakọ ngwaahịa ka mma
Kwapụ ọnụ ụzọ/fremu iko iji belata olu—na-azọpụta 15–20% na ibu ụgbọelu (a na-ana ya site na ibu olu: ogologo × obosara × elu/6000).
(3) Ike Ịdeba Akwụkwọ Tupu Ịdenye Aha
Debe oghere mmiri/ikuku izu anọ ruo isii tupu oge eruo n'oge oge kachasị elu iji zere ọnụego adịchaghị mma.
(4) Inshọransị
Tinye "mkpuchi mgbanwe okpomọkụ" (0.2% nke uru ibu) iji chebe megide mmebi ma ọ bụ mmebi akụrụngwa.
Ajụjụ Ndị A Na-ajụkarị: Mbupu Ihe Ngosi Refrigerant Site na China
Q: Kedu akwụkwọ dị mkpa maka omenala?
A: Akwụkwọ ọnụahịa azụmaahịa, ndepụta nkwakọ ngwaahịa, asambodo CE/UL (maka EU/US), na ndekọ okpomọkụ (achọrọ maka ndị na-ere azụ azụ).
Q: Kedu otu esi ejikwa ngwaahịa ndị mebiri emebi?
A: Lelee ibu dị n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị a na-ebuga ma tinye akwụkwọ mkpesa n'ime ụbọchị atọ (ikuku) ma ọ bụ ụbọchị asaa (n'oké osimiri) yana foto mmebi.
A: Ibu ụgbọ okporo ígwè ọ bụ nhọrọ maka Europe?
A: Ee—China→Ụgbọ okporo ígwè Europe na-ewe ụbọchị 18–22, ọnụego ya dị ala karịa ikuku nke dị ihe dịka 30% mana ọ dị elu karịa nke dị n'oké osimiri nke dị ihe dịka 50%.
Maka afọ 2025, ibu ụgbọ mmiri ka bụ nke kachasị ọnụ ahịa maka mbupu ihe ngosi dị n'ime friji (na-echekwa 60%+ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ikuku), ebe ibu ụgbọ elu dabara na iwu dị mkpa, nke dị obere. Jiri ntuziaka a tụnyere ụzọ, tinye ego mgbakwunye, ma mee atụmatụ tupu oge eruo iji zere igbu oge n'oge kachasị elu.
Oge ozi: Ọgọst-05-2025 Echiche: