Mgbe ị na-ebufe ihe ngosi refrigerated (ma ọ bụ ihe ngosi) site na China gaa n'ahịa ụwa, ịhọrọ n'etiti ibu ikuku na oke osimiri na-adabere na ọnụ ahịa, usoro iheomume, na nha ibu. Na 2025, yana ụkpụrụ gburugburu gburugburu IMO ọhụrụ yana ọnụ ahịa mmanụ ọkụ na-agbanwe, ịghọta nkọwa ọnụahịa na ngwa ngwa kachasị ọhụrụ dị oke mkpa maka azụmaahịa. Ntuziaka a na-akụda ọnụego 2025, nkọwa ụzọ, yana ndụmọdụ ndị ọkachamara maka ebe ndị isi.
Ọnụ ahịa akọwapụtara site na China gaa na mpaghara dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa n'okpuru:
1. China na United States
(1) Ibu ụgbọ elu
Ọnụ ego: $4.25–$5.39 kwa n'arọ (100kg+). Oge kacha elu (Nọvemba–Dec) na-agbakwunye $1–$2/kg n'ihi ụkọ ikike.
Oge mbufe: ụbọchị 3–5 (ụgbọ elu ụgbọ elu Shanghai/Los Angeles).
Kachasị mma maka: Iwu ngwa ngwa (dịka ọmụmaatụ, oghere ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ) ma ọ bụ obere batches (≤5 nkeji).
(2) Ibu ụgbọ mmiri (Containers Reefer)
20ft Reefer: $2,000–$4,000 gaa Los Angeles; $3,000–$5,000 gaa New York.
40ft High Cube Reefer: $3,000–$5,000 gaa Los Angeles; $4,000–$6,000 gaa New York.
Ihe mgbakwunye: Ụgwọ ọrụ refrigeration ($1,500–$2,500/akpa) + Ọrụ mbubata US (9% maka koodu HS 8418500000).
Oge mbufe: 18-25 ụbọchị (West Coast); 25–35 ụbọchị (East Coast).
Kachasị mma maka: Nnukwu iwu (nkeji 10+) nwere usoro oge na-agbanwe agbanwe.
2. China na Europe
Ibu ụgbọ elu
Ọnụ ego: $4.25–$4.59 kwa n'arọ (100kg+). Ụzọ Frankfurt/Paris kwụsiri ike.
Oge mbufe: 4–7 ụbọchị (ụgbọ elu ụgbọ elu Guangzhou/Amsterdam).
Ihe edeturu: EU ETS (Sistemụ Azụmahịa Emissions) na-agbakwunye ~ € 5/ton n'ụgwọ carbon.
Ibu ụgbọ mmiri (Container Reefer)
20ft Reefer: $1,920–$3,500 ruo Hamburg (Northern Europe); $3,500–$5,000 gaa Barcelona (Mediterranean).
40ft High Cube Reefer: $3,200–$5,000 ruo Hamburg; $ 5,000- $ 7,000 gaa Barcelona.
Ihe mgbakwunye: Ịkwụ ụgwọ mmanụ sulfur dị ala (LSS: $ 140 / akpa) n'ihi iwu IMO 2025.
Oge njem: 28-35 ụbọchị (Northern Europe); 32-40 ụbọchị (Mediterranean).
3. China na Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia
Ibu ụgbọ elu
Ọnụ ego: $2–$3 kwa kilogram (100kg+). Ọmụmaatụ: China→Vietnam ($2.1/kg); China →Thailand ($2.8/kg).
Oge mbufe: 1-3 ụbọchị (ụgbọ elu mpaghara).
Ibu ụgbọ mmiri (Container Reefer)
20ft Reefer: $800–$1,500 ruo Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam); $1,200–$1,800 gaa Bangkok (Thailand).
Oge mbufe: 5-10 ụbọchị (ụzọ obere oge).
4. China gaa Africa
Ibu ụgbọ elu
Ọnụ ego: $5–$7 kwa n'arọ (100kg+). Ọmụmaatụ: China→Nigeria ($6.5/kg); China → South Africa ($ 5.2 / kg).
Ihe ịma aka: Mkpọchi ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Lagos na-agbakwunye $300–$500 na ụgwọ igbu oge.
Ibu ụgbọ mmiri (Container Reefer)
Reefer 20ft: $3,500–$4,500 ruo Lagos (Nigeria); $3,200–$4,000 ruo Durban (South Africa).
Oge mbufe: 35-45 ụbọchị.
Isi ihe na-emetụta ọnụ ahịa 2025
1.Fuel akwụ ụgwọ
10% ịrị elu mmanụ ụgbọ elu na-abawanye ibu ikuku site na 5-8%; Mmanụ ụgbọ mmiri na-emetụta ọnụego oke osimiri dị obere mana nhọrọ sọlfọ dị ala na-eri 30% karịa.
2.Oge oge
Ọnụ ụgbọ elu ikuku n'oge Q4 (Black Friday, Christmas); ibu ụgbọ mmiri na-arị elu tupu afọ ọhụrụ ndị China (Jan-Feb).
3.Iwu
EU CBAM (Usoro mmezi nke oke ala carbon) na tarifụ igwe US (ihe ruru 50%) na-agbakwunye 5–10% na ọnụ ahịa mkpokọta.
4. Ibu nkọwa
Ihe ngosi friji chọrọ mbupu na-achịkwa okpomọkụ (0-10°C). Enweghị nrubeisi nwere ihe egwu dị $200+ / hour.
Ndụmọdụ ndị ọkachamara maka ịchekwa ọnụ ahịa
(1) Mbupu Mbupu:
Maka obere iwu (nkeji 2-5), jiri LCL (ihe na-erughị ebu ibu) ibu mmiri iji belata ọnụ ahịa site na 30%.
(2) Kwalite nkwakọ ngwaahịa
Kwusaanụ ọnụ ụzọ / okpokolo agba enyo iji belata olu - na-echekwa 15-20% na ibu ikuku (ebubo ya site na ibu ibu: ogologo × obosara × ịdị elu / 6000).
(3) Ikike akwụkwọ tupu akwụkwọ
Chekwaa oghere oke osimiri/ikuku izu 4–6 tupu oge eruo n'oge kacha elu ka ịzena ọnụ ahịa adịchaghị.
(4) mkpuchi
Tinye "mkpuchi ngbanwe okpomọkụ" (0.2% nke uru ibu) iji chebe megide mmebi ma ọ bụ mmebi akụrụngwa.
Ajụjụ: Mbupu ihe ngosi friji sitere na China
Ajụjụ: Kedu akwụkwọ achọrọ maka kọstọm?
A: akwụkwọ ọnụahịa azụmaahịa, ndepụta nkwakọ ngwaahịa, asambodo CE / UL (maka EU / US), yana ndekọ okpomọkụ (chọrọ maka reefers).
Ajụjụ: Kedu ka esi edozi ngwongwo ndị mebiri emebi?
A: Nyochaa ibu na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-ebupu ma tinye akwụkwọ n'ime ụbọchị 3 (ikuku) ma ọ bụ ụbọchị 7 (oké osimiri) nwere foto mmebi.
Ajụjụ: Ibu ụgbọ okporo ígwè bụ nhọrọ maka Europe?
A: Ee-China → Ụgbọ okporo ígwè Europe na-ewe ụbọchị 18-22, yana ọnụego ~ 30% dị ala karịa ikuku ma 50% dị elu karịa oké osimiri.
Maka 2025, ibu oké osimiri na-anọgide na-akwụ ụgwọ kacha mma maka mbupu ihe ngosi refrigerated nke ukwuu (na-echekwa 60%+ vs. ikuku), ebe ibu ikuku dabara ngwa ngwa, obere obere iwu. Jiri ntuziaka a tulee ụzọ, na-ebute ụgwọ ọrụ, ma mee atụmatụ n'ihu iji zere igbu oge kacha elu.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-05-2025 Nlele: