“Shefu, modhi iyi yekutonhodza ye300W ichakukwanirai!” “Gadzirai neya500W—inotonhorera nekukurumidza muzhizha!” Pakutenga makabati ekuratidza zvinwiwa, munogara muchivhiringidzika ne "mashoko ehunyanzvi" evatengesi here? Sarudzai diki zvakanyanya, uye zvinwiwa hazvizotonhori zvakanaka muzhizha, zvichidzinga vatengi. Sarudzai yakakura, uye bhiri renyu remagetsi rinokwira zvakanyanya—kutambisa mari chaiko.
Nhasi tichatsanangura nzira yekuverenga kugona kwekutonhodza makabati ezvinwiwa. Hapana chikonzero chekunzwisisa misimboti yakaoma—ingotevera nzira yacho nemienzaniso nhanho nhanho. Kunyangwe vanotanga vanogona kunyatsoenderana nezvavanoda.
I. Kutanga Kunzwisisa: Sei Uchifanira Kuverenga Kukwanisa Kutonhodza Nemazvo?
Kugona kutonhora kunomiririra "simba rekutonhodza" rekabhineti rekuratidzira, rinowanzo kuyerwa mu watts (W) kana kilocalories paawa (kcal/h), apo 1 kcal/h ≈ 1.163 W. Kuverenga kwakarurama kunoshanda zvinangwa zviviri zvikuru:
- Dzivisa "kunyanya": Semuenzaniso, muzhizha apo masuo echitoro anovhurwa nguva nenguva, kusakwana kwekutonhodza kunodzivirira kabhineti kusvika pa3-8°C (tembiricha yakakodzera yekuchengetedza zvinwiwa). Zvinwiwa zvine carbonated zvinorasikirwa nefizz yazvo, majusi anoora nyore nyore, uye unopedzisira warasikirwa nemari.
- Dzivisa "kunyanya kukwira": Chitoro che20㎡ chinotenga kabhineti yekuratidza ine simba re500W rinotambisa 2-3 kWh yekuwedzera pazuva, zvichiwedzera mazana emitengo yemagetsi pagore—zvisina basa zvachose.
Pfungwa huru: Kukwanisa kutonhora kwakanyanya hakusi nani nguva dzose—zvinoreva "kufananidza zvinodiwa." Tarisa pazvinhu zvitatu zvikuru: huwandu hwemakabati ekuratidzira, nzvimbo yekushanda, uye nguva yekuvhura magonhi.
II. Fomura Yepakati: Matanho Matatu Ekuverenga Kugona Kwakakwana Kwekutonhodza (Kunyangwe Vanotanga Vanogona Kugona)
Hapana chikonzero chekuyeuka misimboti yakaoma yethermodynamics—ingoyeuka fomura iyi inoshanda: Kugona Kutonhodza (W) = Vhoriyamu yeKabhineti Yekuratidzira (L) × Kuwanda Kwechinwiwa (kg/L) × Kugona Kupisa Kwakasiyana (kJ/kg·℃) × Musiyano weTembiricha (℃) ÷ Nguva Yekutonhodza (h) ÷ 1000 × Chinhu Chekugadzirisa
Ngationgororei parameter imwe neimwe nhanho nhanho, tichishandisa "kabhineti yekuratidza zvinhu zviri nyore ye1000L" semuenzaniso:
1. MaParameter Akagadziriswa (Isa zvakananga, hapana shanduko dzinodiwa)
| Zita reParamita | Kukosha Kwemhando | Tsananguro (Mitemo yaLayman) |
|---|---|---|
| Kuwanda kwechinwiwa (kg/L) | 0.9–1.0 | Zvinwiwa zvemubhodhoro (cola, mvura ine mineral) zvinowanzo wira mukati mechikamu ichi; shandisa midpoint value ye0.95 |
| Kugona Kupisa Kwakasiyana (kJ/kg·℃) | 3.8-4.2 | Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, izvi zvinomiririra "kupisa kunodiwa kuti kukwidze/kudzikisa tembiricha yechinwiwa." Kune zvinwiwa zviri mumabhodhoro, 4.0 ndiyo kukosha kwakarurama. |
| Nguva yekutonhorera (h) | 2-4 | Nguva yekutonhorera kubva patembiricha yemukamuri kusvika 3-8°C: maawa maviri ezvitoro zvinotengesa zvinhu zviri nyore (masuo anovhurika kakawanda anoda kutonhora nekukurumidza), maawa matatu kusvika mana ezvitoro zvikuru |
2. Maparamita Anoshanduka (Zadza zvinoenderana nemamiriro ako chaiwo)
- Vhoriyamu yeKabhineti Yekuratidzira (L): Iyi ndiyo 'nzvimbo' yakanyorwa nemugadziri, semuenzaniso, 1000L, 600L. Ingokopa kukosha kwakataurwa.
- Musiyano weTembiricha (°C): Tembiricha yeAmbient – Tembiricha Yakatarwa. Ngatitii tembiricha yemukamuri yezhizha i35°C (zvakanyanya kuipa), tembiricha yakatarwa i5°C (kuravira kwechinwiwa kwakanyanya), nokudaro musiyano wetembiricha = 35 – 5 = 30°C.
3. Shandisa fomura yekuverenga (uchishandisa kabhineti yekuratidza ye1000L semuenzaniso)
Kugona kwefiriji (W) = 1000L × 0.95kg/L × 4.0kJ/kg·℃ × 30℃ ÷ 2h ÷ 1000 × 1.2 (chinhu chekugadzirisa) Kuverenga nhanho nhanho: ① 1000 × 0.95 = 950kg (Huremu hwese hwezvinwiwa mukati mekabati) ② 950 × 4.0 × 30 = 114,000 kJ (Kupisa kwese kunodiwa kuti zvinwiwa zvese zvitonhodze) ③ 114,000 ÷ 2 = 57,000 kJ/h (Kugona kwefiriji kunodiwa paawa) ④ 57,000 ÷ 1000 = 570 W (Kugona kwekudzikisa kwepasi) ⑤ 570 × 1.2 = 684W (Kugona kwekupedzisira kwekutonhodza; chinhu chekugadzirisa chinotsanangurwa gare gare)
Mhedziso: Pakabati iyi yekuratidza zvinhu ine simba re1000L, zhizha rinoda simba rekutonhodza rinosvika 700W. 600W haina kukwana, nepo 800W yakawandisa zvishoma asi yakavimbika.
III. Chinowedzerwa Chinokosha: Ungaziva Sei Chinhu Chinogadzirisa?
"1.2" iri pamusoro haina kuwedzerwa zvisina tsarukano; inogadziriswa zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo ekushandiswa. Mamiriro akasiyana anoenderana nema coefficients akasiyana. Sarudza zvakananga zvichibva pane zvinotevera:
- Chinhu chekugadzirisa 1.0-1.1: Makabati ekuratidzira eSupamaketi (masuo anovhurwa zvishoma ≤ ka20 pazuva), nzvimbo dzemukati dzine mhepo inotonhorera (tembiricha yekunze ≤28°C), mamodheru anotonhodza zvakananga (kuputira zvakanaka).
- Chinhu chekugadzirisa 1.2–1.3: Zvitoro zvinorerutsa zvinhu/zvitoro zvidiki (masuo anovhurwa kakawanda ≥ ka50 pazuva), nzvimbo dzisina mhepo inotonhorera (tembiricha yekunze ≥32°C), mamodheru anotonhorera mhepo (anowanzo rasikirwa nemhepo inotonhora).
- Chinhu chekugadzirisa 1.4–1.5: Nzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya (tembiricha yezhizha ≥38°C), nzvimbo dzekutenga dzakavhurika (zuva rakananga), makabati ekuratidzira ari pedyo nenzvimbo dzinopisa (semuenzaniso, pedyo neovheni kana maheater).
IV. Tafura Yekuenzanisa Sarudzo Yemuenzaniso Yezviitiko Zvakasiyana
| Mamiriro Ekushandisa | Vhoriyamu yeKabhineti yeRatidza (L) | Kukwanisa Kutonhodza Kunokurudzirwa (W) | Zvinyorwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chitoro chinopa zvinhu zviri pedyo (hapana mhepo inotonhorera) | 300-500 | 300-450 | Kuvhura kuri pakati nepakati; mamodheru anotonhodzwa nemhepo anopa rugare rwepfungwa rukuru |
| Zvitoro zvinorerukira zvinhu (vanhu vakawanda vanofamba netsoka) | 600-1000 | 600-750 | Isa pamberi mamodheru ane nzira yekuchengetedza simba kuti uderedze mitengo yemagetsi |
| Chikamu chezvinwiwa muSupamaketi (chinotonhodza mhepo) | 1000-2000 | 700-1200 | Mamodheru ane magonhi akawanda anobvumira kudzora tembiricha yenzvimbo dzakasiyana kuti simba rishande zvakanaka |
| Matura Ekunze (Nzvimbo Dzinopisa Zvikuru) | 200-400 | 350-500 | Sarudza mamodheru ane mimvuri yezuva kuti uderedze kupiswa nezuva zvakananga |
V. Zviziviso zveMatambudziko: Maitiro maviri Anowanzo shandiswa nevatengesi
- Kunyora "Simba Rekupinda" chete pasina "Kugona Kutonhodza": Simba rekupinda rinoratidza kushandiswa kwemagetsi mukamuri rekuratidzira, kwete kutonhora kwaro! Semuenzaniso, nesimba rekupinda re500W rimwe chete, kambani yemhando yepamusoro inogona kusvika pakukwanisa kutonhodza re450W, nepo kambani isina kuenzana inogona kusvika 350W chete. Gara uchikumbira mutengesi kuti ape "Mushumo weKuedza Kugona Kutonhodza."
- Nhamba dzesimba rekutonhodza dzinokwira: Semuenzaniso, yuniti ine simba rekutonhodza re600W inogona kunyorwa seine "simba rekutonhodza re800W." Nhamba dzesimba dzinomiririra kuverenga kwepakarepo mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma uye hazvigoneke panguva yekushanda kwakajairika. Pakusarudza, tarisa chete "simba rekutonhodza rakarongwa."
Yeuka Nheyo Nhatu Dzinokosha
1. Kukwanisa kukuru kunoreva kugona kwakanyanya kutonhora: Kuwedzera kwega kwega kwe100L musimba kunowedzera simba rekutonhodza rinenge 50-80W. 2. Nzvimbo dzinopisa uye magonhi anowanzo vhurwa zvinoda kugona kwakawedzerwa: Wedzera kanenge 10% buffer kune zvakawanikwa. 3. Isa pamberi kushanda nesimba kweGiredhi 1: Kune kugona kutonhodza kwakafanana, kushanda nesimba kweGiredhi 1 kunochengetedza 1-2 kWh pazuva zvichienzaniswa neGiredhi 5, zvichidzosa mutsauko wemutengo wekutenga mukati memwedzi mitanhatu.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-16-2025 Maonero: