Iwo ekurongedzerwa kweiyo yekutengesa desktop makeke ekuratidzira makabati anoumba hwaro hwekuverenga kutakura kwenyika. Pakati pemamodheru makuru mukutenderera kwepasirese, makabati madiki edesktop (0.8-1 metres pakureba) ane vhoriyamu yakapetwa inosvika 0.8-1.2 cubic metres uye huremu hwakakura hwe60-90 kg; mhando dzepakati-kati (1-1.5 metres) dzine huwandu hwe1.2-1.8 cubic metres uye huremu hwakakura hwe90-150 kg; hombe tsika modhi (kupfuura 1.5 metres) kazhinji inodarika 2 cubic metres muhukuru uye inogona kurema kupfuura 200 kg.
Muzvirongwa zvepasi rose, kutakura zvinhu mugungwa kunoverengerwa ne "cubic metres", nepo kutakura kwemhepo kunoverengerwa zvichienderana nekukosha kwepamusoro pakati pe "makirogiramu" kana "dimensional uremu" (kureba × upamhi × urefu ÷ 5000, nedzimwe ndege dzinoshandisa 6000). Kutora 1.2-mita yepakati keke kabati semuenzaniso, huremu hwayo huremu 300 kg (1.5 cubic metres × 200). Kana ikatumirwa nendege kubva kuChina kuenda kuEurope, kutakura zvinhu kunosvika madhora matatu kusvika mashanu pakg, zvichikonzera kutakura kwendege chete kubva pamadhora mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi mashanu; negungwa ($20-40 per cubic meter), kutakura zvinhu kunongova $30-60 chete, asi kutenderera kwekutakura kunotora mazuva 30-45.
Pamusoro pezvo, izvo zvinodiwa chaizvo zvemidziyo zvinowedzera mamwe mari.Nekuda kweiyo yakavakirwa-mukati macompressor uye yakadzikama girazi, zvekufambisa zvepasirese zvinofanirwa kutevedzera ISTA 3A yekurongedza zviyero. Mutengo wetsika anti-tilt mapuranga emapuranga ingangoita madhora makumi mashanu-100 payuniti, inodarika zvakanyanya mutengo wekurongedza zviri nyore zvekufambisa mudzimba. Dzimwe nyika (dzakaita seAustralia neNew Zealand) dzinodawo michina kuti iperekedzwe nezvitupa zvefumigation, nemari inosvika $30-50 pabatch.
2. Mutengo Wekusiyana uye Zvishandiso Zvishandiso zveMuchinjikwa-muganho Wekutakura Modes
Mukutengeserana kwepasirese, kusarudzwa kwemaitiro ekufambisa kunotemesa mutengo wekutakura, nemusiyano wemitengo pakati pemamodhi akasiyana inosvika kanopfuura kagumi:
- Kutakura zvinhu mugungwa: Inokodzera kutakurwa kwakawanda (gumi mayunitsi kana kupfuura). Mugaba wakazara (20-foot container inogona kubata 20-30 medium-size makabhati) kubva kuAsia kuenda kuEurope zviteshi zvikuru (Rotterdam, Hamburg) inoita mari inosvika $1500-3000,inogoverwa kuchikamu chimwe chete $50-150 chete; LCL (Isingasviki Container Load) inoverengerwa nema cubic metres, neAsia kuenda kuWest Coast yeNorth America inosvika madhora makumi matatu-50 pacubic mita, zvichikonzera kutakurwa kwekabati yepakati-kati inosvika madhora makumi mana neshanu, asi nekuwedzera mari yekuburitsa (inenge $20-30 payuniti).
- Kutakura mhepo: Inokodzera maodha ekukurumidza. Kutakurwa nemhepo kubva kuAsia kuenda kuNorth America kunosvika madhora mana-8 pakirogiramu, ine kabati imwe yepakati-kati (300 kg dimensional uremu) inoita $1200-2400, 20-30 nguva yekutakura zvinhu mugungwa; intra-European air freight (semuenzaniso, Germany kuenda kuFrance) yakaderera, inosvika $2-3 pakg, nemutengo wechikamu chimwe chete uchidzika kusvika pamadhora mazana matanhatu nemakumi mapfumbamwe.
- Kufambisa kwepasi: Yakaganhurirwa kunyika dzakavakidzana, senge mukati meEU kubva kuSpain kuenda kuPoland. Zvekufambisa zvepasi专线 zvinodhura madhora zviuru zviviri pamakiromita, nerwendo rwe1000-km runodhura madhora zana nemakumi mashanu pachikamu, paine nguva yemazuva matatu-5 uye inodhura pakati pegungwa nendege.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kutakura zvinhu kune dzimwe nyika hakusanganisi mari yemvumo yekuenda kune imwe nyika. Semuyenzaniso, muUnited States, makabhati ekeke anotengeswa kunze kwenyika ari pasi pemutero we2.5% -5% (HTS code 841869), pamwe nemitero yecustom clearance agent (inoda kusvika $100-200 pakutumira), ichiwedzera mutengo chaiwo wakamhara ne10% -15%.
3. Kufurirwa kweRegional Logistics Networks paTerminal Freight
Iko kusaenzana kwepasi rose Logistics network inotungamira kune misiyano yakakura mumitengo yekugovera terminal munzvimbo dzese:
Misika yakakura muEurope neAmerica: Nezvivakwa zvakagadziridzwa zvakanaka, mutengo wekugovera kubva kumadoko kuenda kuzvitoro wakaderera. MuUnited States, kubva kuPort of Los Angeles kusvika kudhorobha reChicago, mari yekufambisa yepasi kune imwe kabati yepakati nepakati inosvika $80-150; muEurope, kubva kuPort of Hamburg kusvika kudhorobha reMunich, inenge € 50-100 (yakaenzana ne $ 60-120), ine sarudzo yekutumira yakarongwa (inoda imwezve $ 20-30 mari yebasa).
Misika iri kusimukira: Mari yekupedzisira-mamaira yakakwira. MuSoutheast Asia (semuenzaniso, Jakarta, Indonesia), mari yekuendesa kubva kuchiteshi kuenda kuguta inenge $100-200 per unit, pamwe nemimwe mitero yakadai sematoll uye mari yekupinda; mukutakura kwemukati kubva kuPort of Lagos, Nigeria, nekuda kwemamiriro asina kunaka emugwagwa, imwe unit unit inogona kusvika $200-300, inoverengera 30% -50% yechiteshi CIF mutengo.
Nzvimbo dziri kure: Kutakurwa kwakawanda kunotungamira kumitengo yakapetwa kaviri. Nyika dzakaita seParaguay muSouth America neMalawi muAfrica dzinoda kuti zvinhu zvifambiswe nemuzviteshi zvezviteshi zvakavakidzana, nekutakura zvinhu zvekabati repakati nepakati (kusanganisira transshipment) zvinosvika madhora mazana masere nemakumi mashanu, zvichidarika mutengo wekutengwa kwemidziyo pachayo.
4. Matanho eKudzora Mari dzekutakura muGlobal Sourcing
Mukutengeserana kwepasirese, kuronga zvine musoro kwe Logistics links kunogona kudzikisa zvinobudirira chikamu chemitengo yekutakura:
Bulk centralized transportation: Maodha ezvikamu gumi kana kupfuura uchishandisa yakazara mudziyo wekutakura zvinhu mugungwa unogona kuchengetedza 30% -40% zvichienzaniswa neLCL. Semuenzaniso, kutumira kubva kuChina kuenda kuBrazil, 20-foot full container inodhura inenge $4000 (inokwanisa kubata 25 units), ine imwe-unit kugoverwa kwe $ 160; kutakura mumabhechi gumi akapatsanurwa eLCL kwaizokonzera kutakurwa kweyuniti inodarika mazana matatu emadhora.
Regional warehouse marongero: Kurenda matura ekumhiri kwemakungwa mumisika mikuru yakadai seNorth America neEurope, uchishandisa "full container dereight + mhiri kwemakungwa kugovera nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu" modhi, inogona kudzikisa mari yekuendesa kamwe kubva pamadhora zana nemakumi mashanu payuniti kusvika pamadhora makumi mashanu nemakumi masere. Semuyenzaniso,Amazon FBAMatura eEurope anotsigira kutonhora kwemidziyo yekuchengetedza, nerendi yepamwedzi ingangoita madhora gumi-gumi neshanu payuniti, yakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura mutengo wekutakura kwakawanda kune dzimwe nyika.
5. Reference ye Global Market Freight Ranges
Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu epasi rose, mitoro yepasi rose yekutengeserana desktop keke yekuratidzira makabati inogona kupfupikiswa muzvikamu zvinotevera (zvese zvemakabati epakati nepakati, kusanganisira zvekutanga zvekutakura + tsika yemvumo + terminal kuendesa):
- Intra-regional trade (semuenzaniso, mukati meEU, mukati meNorth America): $150-300;
- Intercontinental near-ocean transportation (Asia kusvika kuSoutheast Asia, Europe kuNorth Africa): $300-600;
- Intercontinental ocean transportation (Asia kuenda kuNorth America, Europe kusvika kuSouth America): $600-1200;
- Nzvimbo dziri kure (mukati meAfrica, nyika duku dzeSouth America): $ 1200-2000.
Uyezve, mari yekuwedzera panguva dzakakosha inoda kutariswa: pakuwedzera kwe10% kwemitengo yemafuta, mitengo yekutakura mugungwa inokwira ne5% -8%; nzira dzakatsauka dzinokonzerwa nekunetsana kwezvematongerwo enyika (zvakadai sedambudziko reGungwa Dzvuku) inogona kupeta kaviri mitengo yekutakura mumigwagwa yeAsia-Europe, ichiwedzera mutengo wechikamu chimwe chete nemadhora mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-10-2025 Views: