Ust June 2025 asati asvika, chiziviso chakabva kuUS Department of Commerce chakatumira kuvhunduka kuburikidza neindasitiri yepasi rose yemidziyo yemumba. Kutanga kubva munaChikumi 23, zvikamu zvisere zvesimbi - dzakagadzirwa midziyo yemumba, kusanganisira mafiriji akasanganiswa, michina yekuwachisa, mafiriza, nezvimwewo, zvakaverengerwa zviri pamutemo muchikamu cheSection 232 yekuferefeta tariffs, ine mutero wemutero wakakwira kusvika ku50%. Uku hakusi kufamba kwega asi kuenderera mberi nekuwedzera kweiyo US simbi inorambidza kutengeserana mutemo. Kubva pachiziviso che "Implementation of Steel Tariffs" muna Kurume 2025, kune ruzhinji rwevanhu nezve "maitiro ekubatanidza" muna Chivabvu, uyezve kuwedzera chiyero chemutero kubva kuzvikamu zvesimbi kusvika pakupedzisa michina panguva ino, US iri kuvaka "mutero wemutero" wesimbi inotengeswa kunze kwenyika - yakagadzirwa midziyo yemumba kuburikidza neinofambira mberi yemitemo.
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Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mutemo uyu unonyatsosiyanisa mitemo yemitero ye "steel components" uye "non-simbi components". Zvikamu zvesimbi zviri pasi pe50% Section 232 mutero asi hazvibvumidzwe kubva pa "reciprocal tariff". Zvisiri-simbi zvikamu, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinoda kubhadhara "reciprocal tariff" (kusanganisira 10% basic tariff, 20% fentanyl - inoenderana mutero, nezvimwewo) asi haisi pasi peSection 232 tariff. Uku "kurapwa kwakasiyana" kunoisa zvigadzirwa zvemumba zvine simbi dzakasiyana-siyana kune dzakasiyana siyana dzemitengo.
I. Maonero eKutengeserana Data: Kukosha kweMusika weUS wemidziyo yemumba yekuChina
Senzvimbo yepasi rose yekugadzira midziyo yemumba, China inotumira kunze huwandu hwakakosha hwezvigadzirwa zvinosanganisirwa kuUS. Data kubva 2024 inoratidza kuti:
Iko kukosha kwekutengesa kunze kwemafiriji uye mafiriji (kusanganisira zvikamu) kuUS kwakasvika 3.16 bhiriyoni US madhora, pagore - pa-gore kuwedzera kwe20.6%. IUS yakaverengera 17.3% yehuwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwechikamu ichi, zvichiita kuti ive musika mukuru.
Iko kukosha kwekutengesa kunze kwemaovheni emagetsi kuUS yaive 1.58 bhiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica, ichiverengera 19.3% yehuwandu hwekutumirwa kunze kwenyika, uye huwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika hwakawedzera ne18.3% gore - pa-gore.
Iyo yekurasa tsvina mukicheni inotonyanya kutsamira pamusika weUS, iine 48.8% yemutengo wekutengesa kunze uchiyerera uchienda kuUS, uye huwandu hwekutengesa kunze hunoita 70.8% yehuwandu hwepasi rose.
Tichitarisa maitiro kubva muna 2019 - 2024, kunze kwemaovheni emagetsi, kukosha kwekutengesa kunze kwemamwe mapoka anobatanidzwa kuUS kwakaratidza kusimuka kuri kukwira, izvo zvinonyatso ratidza kukosha kwemusika weUS kumabhizinesi emidziyo yemumba yekuChina.
II. Nzira Yekuverengera Mutengo? Simbi Yemukati Inosarudza Kuwedzera Mutero
Mhedzisiro yekugadziriswa kwemitero pamabhizinesi inozopedzisira yaratidzwa muaccount account. Tora chiChinese - yakagadzirwa firiji ine mutengo wemadhora zana eUS semuenzaniso:
Kana iyo simbi inotora 30% (kureva, 30 US madhora), uye iyo isiri-simbi chikamu i70 US madhora;
Pamberi pekugadzirisa, mutero waiva 55% (kusanganisira "reciprocal tariff", "fentanyl - related tariff", "Section 301 tariff");
Mushure mekugadzirisa, chikamu chesimbi chinoda kutakura imwezve 50% Chikamu 232 mutero, uye mutero wose unokwira kusvika ku67%, uchiwedzera mutengo pachikwata neanenge madhora gumi nemaviri US.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti iyo yakakwirira yesimbi yezvigadzirwa, iyo inowedzera kukanganisa. Kune chiedza - chebasa midziyo yemumba ine simbi yemukati inosvika 15%, mutero wekuwedzera ushoma. Nekudaro, kune zvigadzirwa zvine yakakwirira simbi yemukati senge mafiriza uye welded simbi mafuremu, mutengo wekumanikidza unokwira zvakanyanya.
III. Iyo Chain Reaction muIndasitiri Chain: Kubva Mutengo kuenda Kuumbwa
Iyo US tariff policy iri kukonzeresa maitiro akawanda emaketani:
Pamusika wemuUS wepamba, kukwira kwemutengo wemidziyo yemumba inotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuchasimudza zvakananga mutengo wekutengesa, izvo zvinogona kudzvinyirira kudiwa kwevatengi.
Kune mabhizinesi eChinese, kwete chete purofiti yekunze inomanikidzwa, asi zvakare inofanirwa kutarisana nedzvinyiriro kubva kune vanokwikwidza vakaita seMexico. Mugove wemidziyo yemumba yakafanana yakaunzwa kunze kwenyika neUS kubva kuMexico pakutanga yaive yakakwira kupfuura kubva kuChina, uye mutemo wemitero une maitiro akafanana kumabhizinesi kubva kunyika mbiri idzi.
Kune cheni yeindasitiri yepasi rose, kusimba kwezvipingamupinyi zvekutengeserana kunogona kumanikidza mabhizinesi kugadzirisa maitiro avo ekugadzira. Semuyenzaniso, kumisikidza mafekitori akatenderedza North America kudzivirira mutero kuchawedzera kuomarara uye mutengo wekutengesa cheni.
VI. Enterprise Mhinduro: Iyo Nzira kubva Kuongorora kuenda kuChiito
Kutarisana neshanduko yemitemo, mabhizinesi ekuChina emidziyo yemumba anogona kupindura kubva pazvinhu zvitatu:
Mutengo Re-injiniya: Kurisa chikamu chesimbi inoshandiswa mune zvigadzirwa, ongorora kutsiva kwezvinhu zvisingaremi, uye kuderedza chikamu chezvikamu zvesimbi kuderedza kukanganiswa kwemitero.
Market Diversification: Gadzira misika iri kusimukira yakadai seSoutheast Asia neMiddle East kuderedza kutsamira pamusika weUS.
Policy Linkage: Nyatsotarisisa magadzirirwo anotevera eUS "maitiro ekubatanidzwa", anoratidza zvinodiwa kuburikidza nemubatanidzwa wemaindasitiri (seHome Appliance Branch yeChina Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products), uye edza kudzikiswa kwemitero kuburikidza nematanho anoenderana.
Sevatambi vepakati muindasitiri yemidziyo yepamba yepasi rose, mhinduro dzemabhizinesi eChinese hadzingonei nekupona kwavo chete asi zvakare dzichakanganisa danho rekuvakazve repasi rose rekutengesa midziyo yemumba. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekugadzirisa kwekunetsana kwekutengeserana, nzira dzekugadzirisa zviri nyore uye kusimbisa hutsva hwetekinoroji inogona kunge iri kiyi yekufambisa kusava nechokwadi.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-04-2025 Views: