Gore ra2025 risati rasvika, chiziviso chakabva kuUS Department of Commerce chakakonzera kushamisika kukuru muindasitiri yepasi rose yemidziyo yemumba. Kubva munaChikumi 23, mapoka masere emidziyo yemumba yakagadzirwa nesimbi, kusanganisira mafiriji akabatanidzwa, michina yekuwachisa, mafiriji, nezvimwewo, akaiswa zviri pamutemo muchikamu chemitero yekuferefeta kweChikamu 232, nemutengo wemitero wakakwira kusvika ku50%. Uku hakusi danho rega asi kuenderera mberi nekuwedzera mutemo wekurambidza kutengeserana kwesimbi weUS. Kubva pakuzivisa kwe "Kuitwa kweMitero yeSimbi" munaKurume 2025, kusvika pakutaura kweveruzhinji nezve "maitiro ekubatanidza" munaChivabvu, uye zvakare kusvika pakuwedzera kwemutero kubva kuzvikamu zvesimbi kusvika kumichina yakakwana panguva ino, US iri kuvaka "muganho wemitero" yemidziyo yemumba yakagadzirwa nesimbi inopinzwa kunze kwenyika kuburikidza nehurongwa hunoenderera mberi.
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Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mutemo uyu unosiyanisa zvakajeka mitemo yemitero ye "zvikamu zvesimbi" uye "zvikamu zvisiri zvesimbi". Zvikamu zvesimbi zvinofanirwa kubhadhara mutero we50% weChikamu 232 asi hazvibatanidzwi mu "mutero wekuchinjana". Zvikamu zvisiri zvesimbi, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinofanirwa kubhadhara "mutero wekuchinjana" (kusanganisira mutero we10% basic, mutero we20% wefentanyl, nezvimwewo) asi hazvibatanidzwi mutero weChikamu 232. "Kusiyanisa" uku kunoita kuti zvigadzirwa zvemidziyo yepamba zvine zviri mukati mesimbi zvakasiyana zviomerwe nemitengo yakasiyana.
I. Maonero Panyaya Yekutengeserana: Kukosha Kwemusika weUS weMidziyo Yepamba yeChina
Senzvimbo yepasi rose yekugadzira midziyo yemumba, China inotumira kunze kwenyika zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvinobatanidzwa kuUS. Data ra2024 rinoratidza kuti:
Kukosha kwefiriji nemafiriji (kusanganisira zvikamu) kuUS kwakasvika mabhiriyoni matatu negumi nematanhatu emadhora ekuAmerica, kuwedzera kwegore negore kwe20.6%. US yaive ne17.3% yehuwandu hwese hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika muchikamu ichi, zvichiita kuti ive musika mukuru.
Kukosha kwekutengesa maovheni emagetsi kuUS kwaive mabhiriyoni 1.58 emadhora ekuAmerica, zvichiita 19.3% yehuwandu hwese hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika, uye huwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika hwakawedzera ne18.3% gore negore.
Muchina wekurasira marara mukicheni unonyanya kutsamira pamusika weUS, ne48.8% yemari inotengeswa kunze kwenyika ichiendeswa kuUS, uye huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika hunoita 70.8% yemari yose pasi rose.
Tichitarisa mafambiro egore ra2019 kusvika 2024, kunze kwemaovheni emagetsi, kukosha kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika kwemamwe mapoka akabatanidzwa kuUS kwakaratidza mafambiro ekuwedzera achichinja-chinja, izvo zvinoratidza zvizere kukosha kwemusika weUS kumakambani emidziyo yemumba ekuChina.
II. Maitiro Ekuverenga Mutengo? Zvemukati zveSimbi Zvinosarudza Kuwedzera Kwemitero
Kukanganiswa kwemitengo yekambani kunoonekwa mukuverenga mitengo. Semuenzaniso, firiji yakagadzirwa neChina ine mutengo wemadhora zana ekuAmerica:
Kana simbi iine 30% (kureva madhora ekuAmerica makumi matatu), uye chikamu chisiri chesimbi chiri madhora ekuAmerica makumi manomwe;
Pamberi pekugadzirisa, mutero waiva 55% (kusanganisira "mutero wekuchinjana", "mutero wefentanyl une chekuita", "mutero wechikamu 301");
Mushure mekugadziriswa, chikamu chesimbi chinofanira kubhadharwa imwe 50% yechikamu 232, uye huwandu hwese hwemutengo hunokwira kusvika 67%, zvichiwedzera mutengo wega wega nemadhora gumi nemaviri ekuAmerica.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana simbi iri muchinhu ichi yakakwira, ndipo painonyanya kukanganiswa. Pamidziyo yemumba ine simbi iri mukati me15%, kuwedzera kwemitero kwakaderera. Zvisinei, kune zvigadzirwa zvine simbi yakawanda zvakaita semafiriji nemafuremu esimbi akasungirirwa, kumanikidzwa kwemutengo kuchakwira zvakanyanya.
III. Maitiro eCheni muCheni yeMaindasitiri: Kubva paMutengo kusvika paMagadzirirwo
Mutemo wemitero yeUS uri kukonzera maitiro akawanda ekutengesa zvinhu:
Kumusika wemuAmerica wemuno, kuwedzera kwemitengo yemidziyo yemumba inotengwa kunze kwenyika kuchawedzera mutengo wekutengesa, izvo zvinogona kudzikisira kudiwa kwevatengi.
Kumakambani ekuChina, purofiti inowanikwa kunze kwenyika haizongodzvinyiriri chete, asi vanofanirawo kutarisana nekumanikidzwa kubva kune vanokwikwidza vakaita seMexico. Mugove wemidziyo yemumba yakafanana yakaunzwa neUS kubva kuMexico pakutanga waive wakakwira kupfuura weChina, uye mutemo wemitero une simba rakafanana pamakambani anobva kunyika dzese mbiri idzi.
Kune cheni yeindasitiri yepasi rose, kuwedzera kwezvipingamupinyi zvekutengeserana kunogona kumanikidza mabhizinesi kugadzirisa marongerwo esimba ravo rekugadzira. Semuenzaniso, kugadzira mafekitori kuNorth America kudzivirira mitero kuchawedzera kuomarara uye mutengo wecheni yekugovera.
VI. Mhinduro yeBhizinesi: Nzira kubva paKuongorora kuenda kuKuita
Vachitarisana nekuchinja kwemitemo, makambani emidziyo yemumba ekuChina anogona kupindura kubva pazvinhu zvitatu:
Kudzokorora Mutengo - mainjiniya: Gadzirisa huwandu hwesimbi inoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa, ongorora kutsiva kwezvinhu zvakareruka, uye deredza huwandu hwezvikamu zvesimbi kuti uderedze kukanganiswa kwemitero.
Kusiyanisa Misika: Kugadzira misika iri kusimukira yakaita seSoutheast Asia neMiddle East kuderedza kuvimba nemusika weUS.
Kubatana kweMutemo: Tarisai zvakanyanya zviitiko zvinotevera zve "maitiro ekubatanidzwa" eUS, ratidzai zvinodiwa kuburikidza nemasangano eindasitiri (akadai seHome Appliance Branch yeChina Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products), uye edzai kudzikiswa kwemitero kuburikidza nenzira dzinoenderana nemutemo.
Sevanhu vakakosha muindasitiri yemidziyo yemumba yepasi rose, mhinduro dzemakambani ekuChina hadzina kungotarisa chete kurarama kwavo asiwo dzichakanganisa mafambiro ekuvakazve kwecheni yekutengeserana kwemidziyo yemumba yepasi rose. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekugadzirisa kusawirirana kwekutengeserana, kugadzirisa nzira dzekutengeserana nekusimbisa hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji zvinogona kuva chinhu chikuru chekufamba nekusava nechokwadi.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-04-2025 Maonero: