Ndeipi nyika inopa makabati ezvinwiwa zvesupermarket zvakachipa?

Makabati ezvinwiwa zvekutengesa zvezvitoro zvikuru ari kusangana nekukura kwakadzikama kwekutengesa kwepasirese, nemitengo inosiyana mumabhurandi uye kusaenderana kwemhando yemidziyo uye kuita kwekutonhodza. Kune vatengesi vezvitoro zveketani, kusarudza mafiriji anodhura anoramba ari dambudziko. Kuti tigadzirise nyaya iyi, takaita ongororo yekuenzanisa munyika ina dzakasiyana dzekutengesa kunze, tichipa mutengo wemusika kubatsira vashandisi kuita sarudzo dzakanangana.

1. Kutanga, mhedziso: kana uchifunga nezvemichina isina chinhu, China inopa yakanakisa mutengo-yekuita reshiyo; kana tichifunga nezvemutengo wakazara, dzimwe nyika dzeSoutheast Asia dzinodhura zvakanyanya.

Vazhinji vanotenga kunze kwenyika vanongotarisa chete 'pamutengo wemidziyo,' asi mutengo chaiwo wawakamhara wakaenzana nemutengo wemuchina usina chinhu pamwe nemitengo, kutakura zvinhu, kubvumidzwa kwetsika, uye mari yekuteerera. Kusiyana kwakakura kuripo mune zvakanakira nyika dzese. Heino tafura yekuenzanisa yakananga (yazvino data kubva muna 2025):

2. Sei muchina wekuChina usina chinhu uriwo wakachipa? Asi vamwe vanhu vanosarudza kusarudza zvekuSoutheast Asia zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika?

1. China's "low price logic": supply chain + scale effect

China ndiyo inogadzira pasi rose yezvigadzirwa zvefiriji zvekutengesa, ine mhando dzakadai seHaier neKingsBottle inoverengera inodarika 30% yemugove wemusika wepasi rose. Kubatsira kwemutengo kunobva pamapoinzi maviri:

• Upstream supply chain maturity: mwero wenzvimbo yenzvimbo dzepakati senge compressor uye insulation layer i90%, uye mutengo wekutenga wakaderera ne25% pane iwo muThailand;
• Mabhenefiti ePolisi: Makabati ezvinwiwa-anoshanda nesimba anosangana ne "dual kabhoni" zviyero anokodzera kuwana gumi neshanu% -20% rubatsiro rwekunze kubva kuhurumende yeChina, nemabhenefiti aya anoratidzwa zvakananga mumutengo wemuchina usina chinhu.

2. Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia "Yakavanzika Yakanaka": Tariff + Nguva

Tora gumi makabhati ezvinwiwa anounzwa kuIndonesia semuenzaniso wekuverenga mutengo chaiwo:

• China kupinza: muchina wakashama 159 × 10 = 1590 + mutero 10% (159) + kutumira (Shanghai-Jakarta 800) + tsika yemvumo 200 = yakazara 2749;
• Thailand import: Bare machine 208×10=2080 + RCEP tariff 0 (Indonesia inhengo yeASEAN) + kutumira (Bangkok-Jakarta 300) + tsika yemvumo 150 = yose $2530;

Mhedzisiro: Thailand inotengeswa kunze kwenyika inodhura 8% kupfuura China, inova mashiripiti e "kuderedzwa kwemutero + kutakura kwegungwa".

3. Kunzvenga Pitfas Muzvinhu Zvinotengwa Nenyika: 3 Mazano Ekuchengetedza Mutengo Akakosha Kupfuura 'Sarudzo Yenyika'

1. Tanga watarisa “mitemo yemitengo” yenyika yauri kutariswa usati wanyatsosarudza mitengo yakaderera

• Shandisa HS codes (beverage cabinet HS code: 8418.61) kutarisa tariffs: somuenzaniso, kana inotengeswa kuAustralia, zvigadzirwa zveChina zvinotarisirwa ne5% mutero, asi zvigadzirwa zveThai zvinoregererwa ku0 nekuda kweRCEP. Muchiitiko ichi, kusarudza Thailand kunonyanya kudhura.
• Kudzivirira "anti-dumping mabasa": IUS yakatemesa mabasa ekurwisa-kurasa (anosvika makumi maviri neshanu muzana) pane mimwe michina yefiriji kubva kuChina. Kana wakananga kumusika weUS, funga nezve "China zvikamu + Mexico musangano" (kufarira 0 mutero pasi peUS-Mexico-Canada Agreement).
• Kutenga kwakawanda (≥5 units): Sarudza zvinhu zvemugungwa zvemidziyo yakazara (40-tsoka midziyo inogona kubata 20 units, ine mari yekutumira kubva kuShanghai kuenda kuEurope kubva ku2000-3000, avhareji chete 100-150 payuniti mushure mekugoverwa kwemutengo).
• Diki-batch replenishment: Sarudza LCL (Isingasviki Container Load) kutumira, ine vhoriyamu-yakavakirwa mitengo (100-200 CNY/CBM), ichipa 80% mutengo wekuchengetedza uchienzaniswa nekutakura mhepo.
• Ziva muripo wekuwedzera: Munguva yemwaka wepamusoro (Chikumi-Nyamavhuvhu), kutumira nengarava kunogona kuunza imwe 10% -20% PSS (peak season surcharge). Zvinokurudzirwa kutenga panguva ye-off-peak nguva.
• Musika weEU: unofanirwa kutevedzera mirairo yeEcodesign (simba remagetsi A + kana pamusoro), vagadziri veChina vanofanirwa kushandisa imwe $2000 yekupihwa chitupa, nepo Thai/Malaysian vagadziri vachiuya nechitupa chemuno;
• Pamusika weUS, zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kusangana ese eDOE simba rekushandisa zviyero uye FDA chikafu chekubata certification (2000-5000), nemari idzi dzakaiswa mubhajeti rese.
• Southeast Asia musika: Dzimwe nyika dzinoda 'localization labels' (semuenzaniso, Indonesia's SNI certification). Vatengesi vanofanira kupedza izvi pachine nguva kuti vadzivise kunonoka kutsika (muripo wekuchengetedza mugaba: 100-300 pazuva).

2. Kusarudza nzira yakarurama yekufambisa kunogona kuchengetedza 30% yemutengo

3. Usafuratira "mutengo wekuteerera", kana zvisina kudaro chigadzirwa chinogona kudzorerwa

IV. Mazano Anoshanda: Ungasarudza sei mumamiriro akasiyana?

1. Zvitoro zvidiki (kutenga vhoriyamu ≤5 mayunitsi): tungamira China-yakagadzirwa midziyo yekutakura + kufambisa pedyo nenyika yainosvika (semuenzaniso, China kuenda kuMalaysia kufambiswa, kunakidzwa neRCEP tariffs), ine mutengo wakakwana 15% yakaderera pane yakananga kutumira;
2. Chain supermarkets (kutenga huwandu ≥20 units): Bata zvakananga mafekitori eChina kuti agadzirise (zvakadai sekuwedzera brand LOGOs, kugadzirisa masherufu kureba), ine 10% yakawedzera kuderedzwa pamitengo yakawanda, uchikiya mumitengo yekutumira yemidziyo yakazara;
3. Masupamaketi epamusoro-soro (kutsvaga mhando): Sarudza "China core components + European assembly" (yakadai seChina compressor + German assembly), iyo inodzivisa mitero yakakwirira uye inogonawo kutakura "Made in Europe" label.

Iko 'kukwanisika' kwemakabati echinwiwa anotengeswa kunze kwenyika kunotemerwa kwete nemutengo wemuchina usina chinhu wega, asi nekubatanidzwa kwakaringana kwe'bare machine + tariffs + transportation + compliance'.

• Kana iyo nyika inotarirwa isina mitero yakakwira kuChina: sarudza China (mambo wemutengo wekuita);
• Kune misika inotongwa nenhengo dzeRCEP, tungamira Thailand neMalaysia pamutero wavo uye nguva yekutumira zvakanakira.
• Kuti uone kutaridzika kwepamusoro, sarudza gungano reEuropean (kunyangwe bhajeti ichapeta kaviri).

Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa mazuva 1-2 uchitsvaga mutero wenyika yaunotariswa uye zvinodiwa zvetifiketi kutanga. Wobva wabata vatengesi vanosvika vatatu kuti uwane 'full package quote' (kusanganisira isina muchina, kutumira, kubvumidzwa kwetsika, uye chitupa). Enzanisa makotesheni usati waisa odha yako - shure kwezvose, masupamaketi anoshanda pamicheto mitete, uye sendi rega rega.