Kharashka hawlgalka ee dukaamada iyo suuqyada waaweyn, waxaad ogaan doontaa in isticmaalka tamarta ee qalabka qaboojiyaha uu gaarayo ilaa 35%-40%. Maadaama uu yahay qalab muhiim ah oo leh isticmaal soo noqnoqosho sare leh, isticmaalka tamarta iyo waxqabadka iibka ee armaajooyinka bandhigga cabitaanka si toos ah ayay u saameeyaan faa'iidada terminal-ka. "Warbixinta Waxtarka Tamarta ee Qalabka Qaboojiyaha Ganacsiga Caalamiga ah ee 2024" waxay tilmaamaysaa in isticmaalka korontada celceliska sanadlaha ah ee armaajooyinka bandhigga cabitaanka dhaqameed uu gaaro 1,800 kWh, halka armaajooyinka bandhigga albaabka galaaska oo leh tiknoolajiyado cusub oo keydiya tamarta ay yareyn karaan isticmaalka tamarta in ka badan 30%. Iyada oo la tijaabinayo in ka badan darsin armaajooyinka, waxaan ogaanay in naqshadeynta bandhigga sayniska ay si weyn u kordhin karto iibka cabitaanka 25%-30%.
I. Horumarka tignoolajiyada ee ugu muhiimsan ee lagu yareynayo isticmaalka tamarta 30%
Guud ahaan, yaraynta isticmaalka tamarta waxay u baahan tahay xallinta dhibaatooyinka isticmaalka korontada iyadoo la isku darayo casriyeynta nidaamka, hagaajinta qaboojinta nidaamka iyo tiknoolajiyada kale ee asaasiga ah. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, iyadoo horumar tayo leh laga sameeyay tiknoolajiyada, yaraynta isticmaalka tamarta 30% waxay leedahay caqabado gaar ah!
Casriyeynta nidaamka shaabadeyntaIsbeddel tayo leh oo ka yimid "daadinta qabowga" una gudbay "qufulka qabowga"
Heerka luminta qabowga maalinlaha ah ee armaajooyinka cabitaanka ee furan ee dhaqameedku waxay gaarayaan 25%, halka armaajooyinka bandhigga albaabada galaaska ee casriga ahi ay gaareen horumar kacaan ah iyada oo loo marayo tignoolajiyada saddex-xabbo-xidhka:
1. Muraayad Nano-dahaadh leh
Muraayadda qiiqa hooseeya (Low-E) ee ay samaysay shirkadda Jarmalka ee Schott waxay xannibi kartaa 90% fallaaraha ultraviolet-ka iyo 70% fallaaraha infrared-ka oo dhumucdiisu tahay 2mm. Marka gaaska argon-ka lagu buuxiyo lakabka godan, isku-dhafka wareejinta kulaylka (qiimaha U) ayaa loo dhimay 1.2W/(m²·K), taasoo ah hoos u dhac 40% ah marka loo eego galaaska caadiga ah. Xogta la cabbiray ee suuq-geyn gaar ah ayaa muujinaysa in golaha bandhigga ee isticmaalaya galaaskan, jawi heerkulka qolka ah oo ah 35°C, heerka isbeddelka heerkulka gudaha golaha laga dhimay ±3°C ilaa ±1°C, inta jeer ee joojinta bilowga ee kombaresaradana la dhimay 35%.
2. Xariijimo caag ah oo lagu xidho nuugista birlabta
Laga sameeyay walxo ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) oo heer cunto ah, oo lagu daray naqshad birlab ah oo ku dhex jirta, cadaadiska shaabaddu wuxuu gaarayaa 8N/cm, taasoo ah koror 50% ah marka loo eego xargaha caagga dhaqameed. Xogta laga helay hay'ad tijaabo dhinac saddexaad ah ayaa muujineysa in wareegga gabowga ee noocan ah xargaha caagga ah ee jawi u dhexeeya -20°C ilaa 50°C uu sii dheeraado ilaa 8 sano, heerka daadinta qabowna laga dhimay 15% xalka dhaqameed ilaa 4.7%.
3. Waalka dheelitirka cadaadiska hawada ee firfircoon
Marka albaabka la furo ama la xidho, dareemaha ku dhex jira ayaa si toos ah u hagaajiya cadaadiska hawada gudaha ee golaha wasiirada si looga fogaado qulqulka hawada qabow ee ay keento farqiga cadaadiska gudaha iyo dibadda. Cabbiraadaha dhabta ah waxay muujinayaan in khasaaraha qabowga inta lagu jiro furitaanka hal albaab uu hoos uga dhacay 200 kJ ilaa 80 kJ, taasoo la mid ah hoos u dhaca 0.01 kWh oo isticmaalka korontada ah furitaankii iyo xidhitaankii albaab kasta.
Hagaajinta nidaamka qaboojiyaha: Macquulka ugu muhiimsan ee kordhinta saamiga waxtarka tamarta 45%
Sida laga soo xigtay xogta Machadka Qaran ee Heerarka Shiinaha, saamiga waxtarka tamarta (EER) ee armaajooyinka cusub ee lagu soo bandhigo cabitaanka albaabka galaaska sanadka 2023 wuxuu gaari karaa 3.2, taasoo ah koror 45% ah marka la barbar dhigo 2.2 sanadkii 2018, taasoo ay ugu wacan tahay saddex horumarin oo tignoolajiyadeed oo waaweyn:
1. Kombaresarada soo noqnoqoshada ee isbeddela
Iyada oo la qaadanayo tiknoolajiyada soo noqnoqoshada isbeddelka DC ee noocyada sida Nenberg iyo Panasonic, waxay si toos ah u hagaajin kartaa xawaaraha wareegga iyadoo loo eegayo culayska. Inta lagu jiro waqtiyada taraafikada yar (sida subaxda hore), isticmaalka tamarta waa 30% oo keliya culayska buuxa. Cabbirka dhabta ah ee dukaamada ku habboon waxay muujinaysaa in isticmaalka tamarta maalinlaha ah ee qaabka soo noqnoqoshada isbeddelka uu yahay 1.2 kWh, taasoo ah keydin 33% ah marka la barbar dhigo qaabka soo noqnoqoshada go'an (1.8 kWh maalintii).
2. Uumi-bixiyaha ku xeeran
Bedka uumi-bixiyaha ayaa 20% ka weyn xalka dhaqameed. Iyada oo la hagaajinayo qaab-dhismeedka gudaha ee fin, waxtarka wareejinta kulaylka ayaa kordhay 25%. Xogta tijaabada ah ee Bulshada Mareykanka ee Kuleylinta, Qaboojiyaha iyo Injineerada Hawada (ASHRAE) waxay muujineysaa in naqshadani ay hagaajinayso isku-midnimada heerkulka gudaha golaha wasiirada laga bilaabo ±2°C ilaa ±0.8°C, iyadoo laga fogaanayo bilaabista soo noqnoqda ee kombaresarada oo ay keento kulaylka maxalliga ah.
3. Nidaamka dhalaalinta caqliga leh
Barafaynta farsamada ee dhaqameed waxay bilaabataa 3 - 4 jeer 24 saacadood kasta, mar kasta waxay qaadataa 20 daqiiqo waxayna isticmaashaa 0.3 kWh oo koronto ah. Nidaamka cusub ee barafaynta elektaroonigga ah wuxuu si firfircoon u qiimeeyaa heerka barafaynta iyada oo loo marayo dareemaha qoyaanka. Celceliska waqtiyada barafaynta maalinlaha ah waxaa loo dhimaa 1 - 2 jeer, isticmaalka hal marna waxaa loo soo gaabiyaa 10 daqiiqo, taasoo badbaadinaysa in ka badan 120 kWh oo koronto ah sannadkii.
II. Xeerarka dahabiga ah ee naqshadeynta bandhigga si loo kordhiyo iibka 25%
Kordhinta iibka waxay u baahan tahay xeerar naqshadeed oo muhiim ah, taas oo ah, xeerarka dahabka ah waa xalal ku habboon waqtiga. Qaababka iyo qorshayaasha kala duwan waxay si hufan u horumarin karaan waxqabadka waxayna sidoo kale keeni karaan khibrad isticmaale oo wanaagsan. Aadanuhu waxay had iyo jeer diiradda saaraan mabda'a saaxiibtinimo-isticmaalka waxayna si joogto ah u jebiyaan xaddidaadaha xeerarka si ay u abuuraan mucjisooyin badan.
(1) Suuqgeynta Muuqaalka: Isbeddelka laga bilaabo "joogitaanka" una gudubto "rabitaanka iibsiga"
Sida laga soo xigtay aragtida "dhaqaalaha aragga" ee warshadaha tafaariiqda, heerka gujinta ee badeecadaha dhererka ah ee 1.2 - 1.5 mitir waa 3 jeer ka badan khaanadaha hoose. Dukaan yar oo silsilad ah ayaa dhigay lakabka dhexe (1.3 - 1.4 mitir) ee khaanadaha bandhigga albaabka galaaska inay tahay "aagga xannibaadda", isagoo diiradda saaraya soo bandhigida cabitaannada caanka ah ee khadka tooska ah oo leh qiimo halbeeg ah oo ah $1.2 - $2. Mugga iibka ee aaggan wuxuu ka dhigan yahay 45% wadarta guud, taasoo ah koror dhan 22% marka la barbar dhigo ka hor isbeddelka.
Marka laga eego aragtida naqshadaynta iftiinka, iftiinka cad ee diiran (3000K) wuxuu leeyahay soo celinta midabka ugu fiican ee alaabada caanaha iyo casiirka, halka iftiinka cad ee qabow (6500K) uu si fiican u muujin karo hufnaanta cabitaannada kaarboonaysan. Nooc cabitaan gaar ah oo si wadajir ah loogu tijaabiyay suuq weyn ayaa ogaaday in rakibidda xariijin iftiin LED ah oo 30° u janjeera (iftiin 500lux) oo ku taal xagga sare ee dhinaca gudaha ee albaabka galaaska ay kordhin karto dareenka alaabada keligood ah 35%, gaar ahaan baakadaha leh dhalaal bir ah oo ku yaal jirka dhalada, saameynta milicsigana waxay soo jiidan kartaa dareenka macaamiisha meel 5 mitir u jirta.
Qaabka bandhigga firfircoon: Qaadashada khaanadaha la hagaajin karo (oo leh dherer lakab ah oo si xor ah loogu dari karo 5 - 15cm) iyo saxaarad 15° u janjeerta, calaamadda jirka dhalada cabitaanka iyo xariiqda aragtida waxay sameeyaan xagal 90° ah. Xogta Walmart ee Shiinaha waxay muujineysaa in naqshadani ay soo gaabinayso celceliska waqtiga soo qaadashada macaamiisha laga bilaabo 8 ilbiriqsi ilaa 3 ilbiriqsi, heerka dib u iibsigana uu kordhay 18%.
(2) Bandhig ku salaysan xaalad: Dib-u-dhiska waddada go'aan qaadashada macaamiisha
1. Istaraatiijiyad isku-dhafan oo waqti-waqti ah
Inta lagu jiro xilliga quraacda (7 - 9 subaxnimo), soo bandhig cabitaanno shaqeynaya + isku-darka caanaha lakabka koowaad ee khaanadaha bandhigga. Inta lagu jiro xilliga qadada (11 - 13 galabnimo), ku dhiirrigeli cabitaannada shaaha + cabitaannada kaarboonaysan. Inta lagu jiro xilliga cashada (17 - 19 galabnimo), diiradda saar casiirka + caano fadhi. Ka dib markii suuq yar oo bulsho uu hirgeliyay istaraatiijiyaddan, mugga iibka saacadaha aan mashquulka ahayn ayaa kordhay 28%, celceliska qiimaha macaamiisha ayaa ka kordhay $1.6 yuan ilaa $2.
2. Marka lagu daro dhacdooyinka kulul
Marka lagu daro dhacdooyinka kulul sida Koobka Adduunka iyo xafladaha muusikada, ku dheji boodhadhka mawduuca bannaanka khaanadaha bandhigga oo samee meel "waa in la haystaa si loogu sii jiro daahitaan" (cabitaannada tamarta + biyaha elektrolytka) gudaha. Xogta ayaa muujinaysa in noocan bandhigga ku salaysan xaaladda uu kordhin karo mugga iibka ee qaybaha la xiriira 40% - 60% inta lagu jiro xilliga dhacdada.
3. Bandhigga isbarbardhigga qiimaha
Soo bandhig cabitaannada dibadda laga keeno ee heerka sare ah (qiimaha halbeegga $2 - $2.7) oo ku xiga cabitaannada maxalliga ah ee caanka ah (qiimaha halbeegga $0.6 - $1.1). Adeegsiga isbarbardhigga qiimaha si loo muujiyo waxtarka kharashka. Tijaabada suuq weyn ayaa muujinaysa in istaraatiijiyaddani ay kordhin karto mugga iibka ee cabitaannada dibadda laga keeno 30% iyadoo kor u qaadaysa mugga iibka ee cabitaannada gudaha inay kordhaan 15%.
III. Kiisas wax ku ool ah: Laga bilaabo "xaqiijinta xogta" ilaa "kobaca faa'iidada"
Sida laga soo xigtay xogta Nennell sannadkii hore, dhimista kharashka armaajooyinka bandhigga waxay gaari kartaa koboc faa'iido oo sare leh. Waa lagama maarmaan in la xaqiijiyo isku halaynta xogta halkii laga xaqiijin lahaa aragti ahaan, maadaama kan dambe uu keeno khataro badan.
(1) 7-Eleven Japan: Dhaqan halbeeg ah oo lagu horumarinayo isticmaalka tamarta iyo iibka laba jibaaran
Dukaan 7-Eleven ah oo ku yaal Tokyo, ka dib markii la soo bandhigay nooc cusub oo armaajo albaab galaas ah oo lagu soo bandhigayo cabitaannada albaabada galaaska ah sanadkii 2023, saddex guulood oo muhiim ah ayaa la gaaray:
1. Cabbirka isticmaalka tamarta
Iyada oo loo marayo nidaamka kombaresarada soo noqnoqda ee isbeddelka leh + nidaamka dhalaalinta caqliga leh, isticmaalka korontada sanadlaha ah ee golaha wasiirada ayaa laga dhimay 1,600 kWh ilaa 1,120 kWh, taasoo hoos u dhacday 30%, keydinta kharashka korontada sanadlaha ahna waxay ahayd qiyaastii 45,000 yen (lagu xisaabiyay 0.4 yuan/kWh).
2. Falanqaynta cabbirka iibka
Iyadoo la qaadanayo shelf 15° ah oo u janjeera + nalalka firfircoon, celceliska iibka bishii ee cabitaannada ku jira golaha wasiirada ayaa ka kordhay 800,000 yen ilaa 1,000,000 yen, taasoo ah koror dhan 25%.
3. Isbarbardhigga waayo-aragnimada isticmaalaha
Isbeddelka heerkulka gudaha armaajada ayaa hoos loogu dhigay ±1°C, xasilloonida dhadhanka cabitaanka ayaa la hagaajiyay, heerka cabashada macaamiishana wuxuu hoos u dhacay 60%.
(2) Suuqgeynta Yonghui ee Shiinaha: Koodhka dhimista kharashka iyo hufnaanta ayaa kordha iyada oo loo marayo isbeddelka deegaanka
Suuq-geynta Yonghui ayaa tijaabisay qorshaha casriyeynta armaajooyinka bandhigga albaabada galaaska ah ee dukaamadeeda ku yaal aagga Chongqing sannadkii 2024. Tallaabooyinka ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah:
1. Cabbiraadaha heerkulka sare xagaaga
Marka la eego heerkulka sare ee xagaaga magaalada buuraha leh (oo leh heerkul celcelis ahaan maalinle ah oo ka sarreeya 35°C), waxaa lagu rakibay qalab leexleexad ah xagga hoose ee khaanadaha bandhigga, kaas oo kordhiyey waxtarka wareegga hawada qabow 20% isla markaana hoos u dhigay culayska kombaresarada 15%.
2. Bandhig deegaan ah
Sida laga soo xigtay doorbidyada isticmaalka ee gobolka koonfur-galbeed, kala fogaanshaha shelf-ka ayaa la ballaariyay ilaa 12cm si loogu waafajiyo soo bandhigidda dhalooyinka waaweyn (ka sarreeya 1.5L) oo cabitaanno ah. Saamiga iibka ee qaybtan ayaa ka kordhay 18% ilaa 25%.
3. La socodka iyo hagaajinta ku salaysan IoT
Iyada oo loo marayo dareemayaasha IoT, mugga iibka iyo isticmaalka tamarta ee armaajo kasta ayaa la kormeeraa waqtiga dhabta ah. Marka mugga iibka ee hal badeeco gaar ah uu ka hooseeyo heerka 3 maalmood oo isku xigta, nidaamku si toos ah ayuu u kiciyaa hagaajinta booska bandhigga, hufnaanta isbeddelka badeecaddana waxaa kordha 30%.
Ka dib isbeddelka, waxtarka halkii mitir ee laba jibbaaran ee aagga cabitaanka ee dukaamada tijaabada ah ayaa ka kordhay 12,000 yuan/㎡ ilaa 15,000 yuan/㎡, celceliska kharashka hawlgalka sanadlaha ah ee golaha wasiirada ayaa hoos u dhacay 22%, muddada dib u bixinta maalgashigana waxaa laga soo gaabiyay 24 bilood ilaa 16 bilood.
IV. Hagaha iibsiga - ka fogaanshaha: Saddex tilmaame oo muhiim ah ayaa lagama maarmaan ah
Khataraha caadiga ah waxay ka jiraan hufnaanta tamarta, agabka, iyo nidaamyada adeegga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, armaajooyinka bandhigga dhoofinta waa kuwo heer sare ah, waana ay adag tahay in la been abuuro marka la eego agabka. Waa in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho farsamada gacanta iyo tayada, iyo sidoo kale adeegga iibka kadib.
(1) Shahaadada hufnaanta tamarta: Diido "calaamadda xogta beenta ah"
Aqoonso shahaadooyinka hufnaanta tamarta ee caalamiga ah sida Energy Star (USA) iyo CECP (Shiinaha), oo mudnaanta sii alaabada leh heerka hufnaanta tamarta ee 1 (Heerka Shiinaha: isticmaalka tamarta maalinlaha ah ≤ 1.0 kWh/200L). Khaanad bandhig oo aan summad lahayn ayaa lagu calaamadeeyay isticmaalka tamarta maalinlaha ah ee 1.2 kWh, laakiin cabbirka dhabta ahi waa 1.8 kWh, taasoo keentay kharash koron oo dheeraad ah oo sannadle ah oo ka badan $41.5.
(2) Xulashada agabka: Faahfaahinta ayaa go'aamisa cimriga
Mudnaanta sii saxannada birta galvanized (dhumucda dahaarka ≥ 8μm) ama balaastikada injineernimada ABS, kuwaas oo iska caabbinta daxalka ay 3 jeer ka badan tahay tan saxannada birta caadiga ah.
Aqoonso muraayadda la hagaajiyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo shahaadada 3C (dhumucdeedu waa ≥ 5mm), oo waxqabadkeeda qaraxa - caddeynta ah uu yahay 5 jeer ka badan muraayadda caadiga ah, adigoo iska ilaalinaya khatarta is-qarxinta xagaaga heerkulka sare.
(3) Nidaamka adeegga: Dilaaga qarsoon ee kharashyada iibka kadib -
Dooro noocyada bixiya "dammaanadda mashiinka oo dhan 3 sano + dammaanadda kombaresarada 5 sano". Qiimaha dayactirka kombaresarada ee armaajada bandhigga summada yar ka dib markii cillad soo wajahday ayaa gaaray 2,000 yuan, taasoo aad uga badan celceliska kharashka dayactirka sanadlaha ah ee noocyada caadiga ah.
Marka golaha bandhigga cabitaanka albaabka galaaska uu ka beddelo "macaamiil awood weyn leh" una beddelo "matoor faa'iido leh", waa is-dhexgalka qoto-dheer ee tignoolajiyada qaboojinta, bilicda bandhigga, iyo hawlgalka xogta ee gadaashiisa. Hawl-wadeennada suuqyada waaweyn, doorashada golaha bandhigga oo isku daraya awoodda kaydinta tamarta iyo suuqgeynta waxay asal ahaan ka dhigan tahay in la maalgeliyo 10% kharashka qalabka si loo yareeyo 30% isticmaalka tamarta iyo kororka 25% iibka - tani ma aha oo kaliya casriyeynta qalabka laakiin sidoo kale dib-u-dhiska faa'iidada oo ku salaysan aragtida macaamiisha.
Waqtiga boostada: Maajo-12-2025 Aragtiyo: