Sida loo xalliyo qaboojin ku filnaansho la'aanta qaboojiyeyaasha tooska ah ee ganacsiga?

Qaboojiyayaasha toosan ee ganacsigu waa qalabka qaboojiyaha udub dhexaadka u ah warshadaha sida cuntada, tafaariiqda, iyo daryeelka caafimaadka. Waxqabadkooda qaboojintu waxay si toos ah u saamaysaa cusboonaanta maaddooyinka, xasiloonida dawooyinka, iyo kharashyada hawlgalka. Qaboojin aan ku filnayn-oo lagu garto heerkulka golaha wasiirada ee joogtada ah 5℃ ama ka badan oo ka sarreeya qiimaha loo dejiyay, kala duwanaanshaha heerkulka maxalliga ah ee ka sarreeya 3 ℃, ama xawaaraha qaboojinta si weyn hoos ugu dhacay - kaliya ma keeni karto kharribka walxaha iyo qashinka laakiin sidoo kale waxay ku qasbaan kombaresarada inay ku shaqeeyaan culeys muddo dheer ah, taasoo horseedaysa in ka badan 30% korodhka isticmaalka tamarta.

1. Qaboojin aan ku filnayn qaboojiyeyaasha tooska ah ee ganacsiga: ogaanshaha dhibaatada iyo saamaynta hawlgalka

Xirfadlayaasha wax soo iibsiga waa in ay marka hore si sax ah u gartaan calaamadaha iyo sababaha asalka u ah qaboojin la'aanta si ay uga fogaadaan dayactirka indha la'aanta ama beddelka qalabka, taas oo keeni doonta qashinka kharashka aan loo baahnayn.

1.1 Calaamadaha Muhiimka ah iyo Khatarta Hawlgalka

Calaamadaha caadiga ah ee qaboojinta ku filnaansho la'aanta waxaa ka mid ah: ① Marka heerkulku yahay -18 ℃, heerkulka golaha dhabta ah wuxuu hoos u dhigi karaa oo kaliya ilaa -10 ℃ ama ka sareeya, oo leh isbedbedel ka badan ± 2℃; ② Farqiga heerkulka u dhexeeya lakabyada sare iyo hoose ayaa ka sarreeya 5 ℃ (barafeeyayaasha toosan waxay u muuqdaan inay leeyihiin arrimo "sare kulul, qabow hoose" sababtoo ah hawo qabow oo quusta); ③ Kadib marka lagu daro maaddooyin cusub, wakhtiga lagu qaboojinayo heerkulka la dhigay ayaa ka badan 4 saacadood (qiyaasta caadiga ah waa 2-3 saacadood). Dhibaatooyinkani waxay si toos ah u horseedaan:

• Warshadaha cuntada: 50% hoos u dhaca nolosha shelf ee maaddooyinka cusub, kordhinta khatarta koritaanka bakteeriyada iyo khataraha badbaadada cuntada;
• Warshadaha tafaariiqda: Jilcinta iyo qallafsanaanta cuntooyinka barafaysan, heerka cabashada macaamiisha oo sarreeya, iyo heerka qashinka aan la iibin ee ka sarreeya 8%;
• Warshadaha daryeelka caafimaadka: Waxqabadka wakiilada bayoolojiga iyo tallaalada oo yaraada, ku guul daraystay inay la kulmaan heerarka kaydinta GSP.

1.2 Baaritaanka Sababta Xididka: 4 Cabbirrada Qalabka ilaa Deegaanka

Xirfadlayaasha wax soo iibsiga waxay ku baadhi karaan sababaha soo socda mudnaanta si ay uga fogaadaan waxyaabaha muhiimka ah ee maqan:

1.2.1 Qalabyada Xudunta u ah Guuldarrooyinka (60% kiisaska)

① Qabow barafku xannibay ee uumiga: Inta badan qaboojiyeyaasha toosan ee ganacsiga waa la qaboojiyey. Haddii dhaxan ku yaal baalasha uumiga uu ka sarreeyo dhumucdiisuna tahay 5mm, waxay xannibaysaa wareegga hawada qabow, taasoo yaraynaysa waxtarka qaboojinta 40% (caadi ahaan xaaladaha leh albaabbada soo noqnoqda iyo qoyaan badan); ② Hoosudhaca waxqabadka Compressor: Compressors loo isticmaalo in ka badan 5 sano ayaa laga yaabaa inay la kulmaan hoos u dhaca 20% cadaadiska dheecaanka, taasoo keenta awoodda qaboojinta oo aan ku filnayn; ③ Daadinta qaboojiyaha: Gabow ama gariir uu sababay burburka alxanka tuubooyinka waxay sababi kartaa daadinta qaboojiyaha (tusaale, R404A, R600a), taasoo keentay luminta awoodda qaboojinta si lama filaan ah.

1.2.2 Naqshadeynta cilladaha (20% kiisaska)

Qaar ka mid ah qaboojiyeyaasha qumman ee hooseeya waxay leeyihiin cilladaha naqshadeynta "hal uumiye + hal taageere": ① Hawo qabow waxaa laga soo afuufo hal aag dhabarka ah, taasoo keenta wareegga hawada ee gudaha golaha, heerkulka lakabka sare 6-8 ℃ ka sarreeya lakabyada hoose; ② Aagga uumiga oo aan ku filnayn (tusaale, aagga uumiga oo ka yar 0.8㎡ ee qaboojiyaha 1000L) ku guul daraystay inuu daboolo baahiyaha qaboojinta ee awoodda badan.

1.2.3 Saamaynta Deegaanka (15% kiisaska)

① Heerkulka deegaanka oo aad u sarreeya: Dhigista qaboojiyaha meel u dhow shooladaha jikada ama meelaha kulaylka sare leh ee bannaanka ah (heerkulka deegaanka ee ka sarreeya 35℃) waxay xannibaysaa kulaylka kombarada, hoos u dhigista awoodda qaboojinta 15% -20%; ② Hawo liidata: Haddii masaafada u dhaxaysa qaboojiyaha dhabarka iyo gidaarka ay ka yar tahay 15cm, qaboojiyaha si fiican uma baabi'in karo kulaylka, taasoo keenta cadaadis kororka; ③ Culayska xad dhaafka ah: Ku darista maaddooyinka heerkulka qolka oo ka badan 30% awoodda qaboojiyaha hal mar waxay ka dhigaysaa mid aan suurtogal ahayn in kombaresarada uu si dhakhso ah u qaboojiyo.

1.2.4 Hawlgalka Aadanaha ee aan hagaagsanayn (5% kiisaska)

Tusaalooyinka waxaa ka mid ah albaabada furan oo soo noqnoqda (in ka badan 50 jeer maalintii), beddelka daahitaanka gaboobaha albaabka gabowda (taasoo keentay heerka daadinta hawada qabow ee ka badan 10%), iyo maaddooyinka ciriiriga ah ee xannibaya meelaha hawada laga soo baxo (waxay carqaladeynayaan wareegga hawada qabow).

2. Xalka Farsamo ee Muhiimka ah ee qaboojinta aan ku filnayn: Laga soo bilaabo Dayactirka ilaa Casriyeynta

Iyadoo lagu saleynayo sababaha kala duwan ee asalka ah, xirfadlayaasha wax soo iibsiga waxay dooran karaan "dayactir iyo dib u soo celin" ama xalal "cusbooneysiin farsamo", iyaga oo mudnaanta siinaya waxtarka qiimaha iyo xasilloonida muddada dheer.

2.1 Labada Uumi-baxayaasha + Labada taageere: Xalka ugu Wanaagsan ee Qaboojiyayaal toosan oo Awood leh

Xalkani waxa uu wax ka qabanayaa "khaladaadka naqshadaynta uumi-baxaha" iyo "baahiyaha qaboojinta awoodda-weyn," taas oo ka dhigaysa doorashada asaasiga ah ee xirfadlayaasha wax soo iibsiga marka la cusboonaysiinayo ama la bedelayo qalabka. Waxay ku habboon tahay qaboojiyayaal toosan oo ganacsi oo ka sarreeya 1200L (tusaale, qaboojiyeyaasha dukaamada waaweyn, qaboojiyeyaasha jikada dhexe ee cuntada).

2.1.1 Mabaadi'da Xalka iyo Faa'iidooyinka

Naqshadeynta "Upper-hoos dual evaporators + madax-bannaan labada taageere": Taageerayaasha madax-bannaani waxay xakameeyaan jihada socodka hawada, iyaga oo yareynaya farqiga heerkulka golaha ilaa ± 1 ℃; ② Wadarta guud ee aagga daadinta kulaylka ee dual uumiga ayaa 60% ka weyn kan hal uumiga ah (tusaale, 1.5㎡ ee labada uumiga ee 1500L qaboojiyaha), kordhinta awoodda qaboojinta by 35% iyo dardargelinta xawaaraha qaboojinta by 40%; ③ Xakamaynta madax-bannaan ee laba-wareeg ah waxay hubisaa in haddii mid uumi-baxa ah guuldareysto, kan kale uu si ku meel gaar ah u ilaalin karo qaboojinta aasaasiga ah, ka hortagga xiritaanka qalabka oo dhameystiran.

2.1.2 Kharashka Soo iibsiga iyo Mudada Soo Celinta

Qiimaha wax iibsiga ee qaboojiyaha toosan ee leh laba uumi-baxayaasha ayaa 15%-25% ka sarreeya kan moodooyinka hal-umibaxayaasha ah (tusaale, ku dhawaad ​​RMB 8,000 oo loogu talagalay 1500L model hal uumi-bixiye vs. RMB 9,500-10,000 ee qaabka laba-umibaxiyaha). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, soo celinta muddada fog ayaa ah mid muhiim ah: ① 20% isticmaalka tamarta hoose (badbaadinta qiyaastii 800 kWh oo koronto ah sannadkii, oo u dhiganta RMB 640 kharashka korontada ee ku salaysan qiimaha korontada ee warshadaha ee RMB 0.8/kWh); ② 6%-8% hoos u dhac ku yimid heerka qashinka walxaha, dhimista kharashaadka qashinka sanadlaha ah in ka badan RMB 2,000; ③ 30% heerka hoos u dhaca kombaresarada, kordhinta nolosha adeegga qalabka 2-3 sano (laga bilaabo 8 sano ilaa 10-11 sano). Muddada dib-u-celinta waa qiyaastii 1.5-2 sano.

2.2 Kor uqaadista iyo Dayactirka Uumi-baxaha Keliya: Xulashada Qiimaha Waxtarka leh ee Qalabka Awood-yar

Qaboojiyayaasha toosan ee ka hooseeya 1000L (tusaale, qaboojiyeyaasha awooda yar ee dukaamada ku habboon) ee leh nolol adeeg ka yar 5 sano, xalalka soo socdaa waxay hagaajin karaan qaboojin aan ku filneyn oo qiimahoodu yahay 1/5 ilaa 1/3 ee bedelida cutubka oo dhan.

2.2.1 Nadiifinta iyo wax ka beddelka uumiga

① Barafka ka saarida: Isticmaal "hawo kululaysata" (dami qalabka oo ku afuuf hawo kulul oo ka hoosaysa 50 ℃) ama "wakiilada dhalaalaysiinta heerka cuntada" (si aad uga fogaato daxalka). Ka-hortagga dhaxan ka dib, waxtarka qaboojinta ayaa lagu soo celin karaa in ka badan 90%; ② Balaadhinta uumi-baxa: Haddii aagga uumi-baxa asalka ahi ku filnaan waayo, ku aamin soo-saareyaasha xirfadleyda ah inay ku daraan baalal (kordhinta aagga kuleylka kulaylka 20%-30) oo ay ku kacayso ku dhawaad ​​RMB 500-800.

2.2.2 Kombuyuutarka iyo dayactirka qaboojiyaha

① Tijaabada waxqabadka Compressor: Isticmaal cabirka cadaadiska si aad u hubiso cadaadiska dareeraha (cadaadiska dareeraha caadiga ah ee qaboojiyaha R404A waa 1.8-2.2MPa). Haddii cadaadisku ku filnaan waayo, beddel kombaresarada capacitor-ka (qiimaha: qiyaastii RMB 100-200) ama valves dayactirka; haddii kombaresarada uu gabow yahay (loo isticmaalay in ka badan 8 sano), ku beddel kombaresarada magaca summada leh ee isla awoodda ah (tusaale, Danfoss, Embraco) oo ay ku kacayso ku dhawaad ​​RMB 1,500-2,000; ② Dib u buuxinta qaboojiyaha: Marka hore ogow dhibcooyinka ka daadanaya (biyo saabuun mari kala goysyada dhuumaha), ka dibna ku buuxi qaboojiyaha sida waafaqsan heerarka (qiyaastii 1.2-1.5kg ee R404A ee 1000L qaboojiyayaal) oo ay ku kacayso ku dhawaad ​​RMB 300-500.

2.3 Xakamaynta Heerkulka Caqliga leh iyo Hagaajinta Socodka Hawada: Kobcinta Xasiloonida Qaboojinta

Xalkan waxaa lala isticmaali karaa labada xal ee kor ku xusan. Iyadoo loo marayo cusboonaysiinta farsamada, waxay yaraynaysaa faragelinta aadanaha waxayna ku habboon tahay xirfadlayaasha wax soo iibsiga inay "si caqli gal ah u beddelaan" qalabka jira.

2.3.1 Nidaamka Xakamaynta Heerkulka Dual-Probe

Ku beddel heerkulbeegga hal-baaraha asalka ah ee asalka ah "nidaamka laba-baaritaan" (oo lagu rakibay 1/3 dhererka lakabyada sare iyo hoose siday u kala horreeyaan) si loola socdo kala duwanaanshaha heerkulka golaha wakhtiga dhabta ah. Marka kala duwanaanshiyaha heerkulku dhaafo 2℃, waxay si toos ah u hagaajisaa xawaaraha marawaxada (dardar galinta marawaxada sare iyo hoos u dhigida marawaxada hoose),waxa ay hagaajinaysaa lebiska heerkulka 40% oo ay ku kacayso ku dhawaad ​​RMB 300-500.

2.3.2 Hawo Deflector Beddelka

Ku rakib saxannada leexinta la goyn karo (qalabka PP ee cuntada ah) gudaha qaboojiyaha toosan si ay hawo qabow uga hagaan dhabarka labada dhinac, ka hortagga "sare kulul, qaboojiye hoose" oo ay keento hawo qabow oo toosan. Waxka bedelka ka dib, heerkulka lakabka sare waxaa lagu dhimi karaa 3-4 ℃ qiimihiisu waa 100-200 RMB kaliya.

3. Kobcinta Farsamada Aan ahayn: Xeeladaha Maareynta Qiimaha Yar ee Xirfadlayaasha Soo iibsiga

Wax ka beddelka qalabka wixii ka dambeeya, xirfadlayaasha wax soo iibsiga waxay jaangoyn karaan isticmaalka iyo dayactirka si loo yareeyo inta jeer ee qaboojinta ku filan oo ay u dheereeyaan nolosha adeegga qalabka.

3.1 Heerarka Isticmaalka Maalinlaha ah: 3 Dhaqannada Muhiimka ah

① Xakamaynta inta jeer ee furitaanka albaabka iyo muddada: Ku xaddid furitaanka albaabbada ≤30 jeer maalintii iyo muddada furitaanka hal jeer ≤30 ilbiriqsi; Ku dheji xasuusinta "soo celinta degdega ah" ee qaboojiyaha agtiisa; ② Kaydinta walaxda saxda ah: Raac mabda'a ah "allaabada fudud ee dusha sare, walxaha culus ee hoose; alaabta yar ee hore, in badan oo ka dambeeya," ka ilaali walxaha ≥10cm ka fog meelaha hawada laga soo saaro si looga fogaado xannibaadda wareegga hawada qabow; ③ Xakamaynta heerkulka ambient: Dhig qaboojiyaha meel hawo fiican leh oo leh heerkul deegaan ≤25℃, ka fog meelaha kulaylka (tusaale, foornooyinka, kuleyliyeyaasha), oo ilaali masaafo ≥20cm ah inta u dhaxaysa qaboojiyaha dhabarka iyo gidaarka.

3.2 Qorshaha Dayactirka Joogtada ah: Liiska hubinta ee rubuc-billaha ah/Sannadka

Xirfadlayaasha wax soo iibsiga waxay sameyn karaan liiska hubinta dayactirka waxayna ku aamini karaan hawl wadeenada iyo shaqaalaha dayactirka inay fuliyaan, iyagoo hubinaya inaan talaabooyinka muhiimka ah la seegin:

4. Ka Hortagga Soo Iibka: Ka Fogaanshaha Khatarta Qaboojin La'aanta Inta lagu jiro Wejiga xulashada

Marka la iibsanayo qaboojiyayaal toosan oo ganacsi oo cusub, xirfadlayaasha wax soo iibsiga waxay diiradda saari karaan 3 cabbir oo muhiim ah si ay uga fogaadaan qaboojin ku filan isha oo ay u yareeyaan kharashyada wax ka beddelka ee xiga.

4.1 Dooro Isku xidhka Qaboojinta oo ku salaysan "Awoodda + Codsiga"

① Awood-yar (≤800L, tusaale, dukaamada ku habboon): Ikhtiyaarka "hal uumibixiye + labada taageere" si loo dheellitiro qiimaha iyo labbiska; ② Dhexdhexaad ilaa awood weyn (≥1000L, tusaale ahaan, cunto karinta/suuqyada waaweyn): Waa in uu doortaa "dual uumibaxayaasha + dual wareegyada" si loo hubiyo awoodda qaboojinta iyo kala duwanaanshaha heerkulka; Codsiyada khaaska ah (tusaale, qaboojinta caafimaadka, kaydinta jalaatada): Shuruudaha dheeraadka ah ee "shaqada magdhowga heerkulka hooseeya" (si toos ah u hawlgeliya kuleyliyaha caawinta marka heerkulka jawigu ≤0℃ si looga hortago xiritaanka kombaresarada).

4.2 Halbeegyada Qaybaha Muhiimka ah: 3 Tilmaamayaasha Waa in la hubiyo

① Uumiga: Horay u sii "aluminium tube fin evaporators" (15% wax ku oolnimada kulaylka ka sarreeya tubooyinka naxaasta) oo leh kulan aag ah "≥0.8㎡ ee awoodda 1000L"; ② Compressor: Dooro "compressors hermetic roll compressors" (tusaale, Danfoss SC series) oo leh awood qaboojin oo ku habboon qaboojiyaha (≥1200W awoodda qaboojinta ee qaboojiyaha 1000L); ③ Qaboojiyaha: Mudnaanta sii R600a-eco-friendly (qiimaha ODP = 0, oo buuxinaya heerarka deegaanka EU); iska ilaali iibsashada moodooyinka duugga ah adoo isticmaalaya R22 (si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa looga baxay).

4.3 Mudnaanta sii moodooyinka leh "Diidinta Hore ee Caqliga leh" Hawlaha

Markaad wax iibsanayso, u baahan qalab leh: ① Digniin aan caadi ahayn oo heerkul ah (qeylo-dhaanta maqalka iyo indhaha marka heerkulku ka sarreeyo qiimaha la dejiyay 3℃); ② Cilad-sheegid-is-sheegid (muujintu waxay muujinaysaa koodka sida "E1" ee fashilka uumiga, "E2" ee kombaresarada fashilka); ③ La socodka fog (ka hubi heerkulka iyo heerka shaqada adoo isticmaalaya APP). Inkasta oo moodooyinka noocaan ah ay leeyihiin 5% -10% qiimaha iibka oo sarreeya, waxay yareeyaan 90% dhibaatooyinka qaboojinta degdegga ah iyo hoos u dhigista kharashka hawlgalka iyo dayactirka.

Marka la soo koobo, xalinta qaboojin ku filnaansho la'aanta qaboojiyeyaasha tooska ah ee ganacsiga waxay u baahan tahay hab "saddex-mid" ah: ogaanshaha, xalalka, iyo ka hortagga. Xirfadlayaasha wax soo iibsiga waa in ay marka hore aqoonsadaan sababaha asaasiga ah iyada oo loo marayo calaamadaha, ka dibna dooro "kor u qaadista uumiga laba-geesoodka ah," "dayactirka qaybaha," ama "wax-ka-beddelid caqli-gal ah" oo ku salaysan awoodda qalabka iyo nolosha adeegga, ugu dambeyntiina waxay gaaraan waxqabadka qaboojinta xasilloon iyo kor u qaadista kharashka iyada oo loo marayo dayactirka caadiga ah iyo xulashada ka hortagga. Waxaa lagu talinayaa in la kala hormariyo xalalka waxtarka leh ee muddada-dheer sida laba uumi-baxayaasha si looga fogaado khasaare hawleed oo weyn oo ka yimaada kaydinta kharashka muddada-gaaban.