Wadankee bixiya armaajooyinka cabitaanka ee suuqyada waaweyn ee laga soo dejiyo oo jaban?

Cabitaanka ganacsiga ee soo bandhiga armaajooyinka dukaamada waaweyn ayaa la kulma kobaca iibka caalamiga ah oo joogto ah, iyada oo qiimuhu ku kala duwan yihiin noocyada kala duwan ee tayada qalabka iyo waxqabadka qaboojinta. Silsiladleyda tafaariiqda, doorashada unugyada qaboojiyaha ee waxtarka leh ayaa weli ah caqabad. Si arrintan wax looga qabto, waxaanu samaynay falanqeyn isbarbardhig ah oo ku baahsan afar waddan oo kala duwan oo soo dejinta ah, anagoo bixinayna tixraacyada qiimaha suuqa si ay uga caawiyaan isticmaalayaasha inay sameeyaan doorashooyin wanaagsan.

1. Marka hore, gabagabada: markaad tixgelinayso mashiinnada qaawan, Shiinuhu wuxuu bixiyaa saamiga wax-qabadka ugu fiican; marka la tixgeliyo wadarta kharashka, qaar ka mid ah wadamada Koonfur-bari Aasiya ayaa ah kuwo aad u qiimo badan.

Soodejiyeyaal badan ayaa diiradda saaraya kaliya 'qiimaha cutubka ee qalabka', laakiin qiimaha dhabta ah ee degey wuxuu la mid yahay qiimaha mashiinka qaawan oo lagu daray tacriifadaha, xamuulka, fasaxa kastamka, iyo khidmadaha u hoggaansanaanta. Kala duwanaansho la taaban karo ayaa ka jira faa'iidooyinka dalalka oo dhan. Waa kan shaxda isbarbardhigga tooska ah (xogtii ugu dambeysay ee 2025):

2. Waa maxay sababta mishiinka shiinuhu ugu jaban yahay? Laakiin dadka qaarkiis waxay door bidaan soo dejinta Koonfur-bari Aasiya?

1. Shiinaha "macquul qiimo jaban": silsilad sahayda + saamaynta miisaanka

Shiinuhu waa soo saaraha ugu weyn adduunka ee soo saara qalabka qaboojinta ganacsiga, iyadoo sumadaha sida Haier iyo KingsBottle ay ka yihiin in ka badan 30% saamiga suuqa adduunka. Faa'iidada kharashka waxay ka timaadaa laba dhibcood:

• Qaangaadhnimada silsiladda sahayda ee sare: heerka meelaynta qaybaha asaasiga ah sida kombaresarada iyo lakabka dahaadhka waa 90%, qiimaha wax soo iibsiguna waa 25% ka hooseeya kan Thailand;
• Faa'iidooyinka siyaasadda: Golaha cabbitaannada tamarta waxtarka leh ee buuxiya heerarka "dual carbon" waxay u qalmaan 15% -20% kabka dhoofinta ee dawladda Shiinaha, iyada oo faa'iidooyinkan ay si toos ah uga muuqdaan qiimaha mashiinka qaawan.

2. Koonfur-bari Aasiya “Faa’iidada Dahsoon”: Tariff + Waqtiga

Qaado 10 armaajo cabitaan oo loo soo dhoofiyay Indonesia tusaale ahaan si aad u xisaabiso qiimaha dhabta ah:

• Shiinaha soo dejinta: mashiinka qaawan 159 × 10 = 1590 + tariif 10% (159) + dhoofinta (Shanghai-Jakarta 800) + fasaxa kastamka 200 = wadarta 2749;
• Soo dejinta Thailand: Mashiinka Bare 208 × 10 = 2080 + RCEP tariff 0 (Indonesia waa xubin ka tirsan ASEAN) + dhoofinta (Bangkok-Jakarta 300) + fasaxa kastamka 150 = wadarta $ 2530;

Natiijada: Soo dejinta Thailand 8% way ka jaban tahay Shiinaha, taas oo ah sixirka "dhimista tacriifadaha + gaadiidka badda".

3. Ka Fogaanshaha Burburka Soo Dejinta: 3 Talooyin Badbaadinta Qiimaha Ah Oo Ka Muhiimsan 'Doorashada Waddanka'

1. Marka hore hubi "xeerarka tacriifadaha" ee dalka la beegsanayo ka hor inta aanad si indho la'aan ah u dooran qiimaha jaban

• Adeegso koodhka HS (koodhka cabbitaannada HS code: 8418.61) si aad u hubiso tacriifadaha: tusaale ahaan, marka Australia la keeno, badeecadaha Shiinaha waxa lagu soo rogay 5% tarif, halka badeecadaha Thai laga dhaafay 0 sababtuna tahay RCEP. Xaaladdan oo kale, doorashada Thailand waa wax badan oo kharash-ool ah.
• Ka fogaanshiyaha "waajibaad ka-hortagga qashin-qubka": Maraykanku wuxuu ku soo rogay waajibaadka ka hortagga qashinka (ilaa 25%) qaar ka mid ah qalabka qaboojinta ee Shiinaha. Haddii la beegsanayo suuqa Maraykanka, tixgeli "qaybaha Shiinaha + shirka Mexico" (ku raaxaysiga 0 tariffs ee hoos yimaada Heshiiska US-Mexico-Canada).
• Iibka weyn (≥5 cutub): Dooro xamuulka badda ee weelasha buuxa (konteenada 40-foot waxay qaadi karaan 20 unug, oo leh kharashyada dhoofinta Shanghai ilaa Yurub inta u dhaxaysa 2000-3000, celceliska kaliya 100-150 halkii cutub ka dib qoondaynta kharashka).
• Dib-u-buuxinta dufcad-yar: Dooro LCL (In ka yar Xamuulka Konteenarka), oo leh qiime ku salaysan mugga (100-200 CNY/CBM), oo bixinaya 80% kaydka kharashka marka loo eego xamuulka hawada.
• Ogow kharashka dheeraadka ah: Inta lagu jiro xilliga ugu sarreeya (June-Agoosto), dhoofintu waxay keeni kartaa 10%-20% PSS dheeraad ah Waxaa lagu talinayaa in la iibsado xilliyada aan-sare.
• Suuqa EU: waa in uu u hoggaansamo xeerarka Ecodesign (wax ku oolnimada tamarta A+ ama wixii ka sarreeya), soo saarayaasha Shiinaha waxay u baahan yihiin inay ku bixiyaan $2000 dheeraad ah si loo xaqiijiyo, halka soo-saareyaasha Thai/Malaysia ay la yimaadaan shahaado maxalli ah;
• Suuqyada Maraykanka, alaabadu waa inay la kulmaan heerarka waxtarka tamarta ee DOE iyo shahaadada xidhiidhka cuntada ee FDA (2000-5000), iyadoo kharashyadan lagu saleeyay wadarta miisaaniyadda.
• Suuqa Koonfur-bari Aasiya: Wadamada qaar waxay u baahan yihiin 'calaamadaha meelaynta' (tusaale, shahaadada SNI ee Indonesia). Alaab-qeybiyeyaasha waa inay kuwan hore u soo buuxiyaan si ay uga fogaadaan dib u dhac ku yimaada kastamka (kharashka haynta weelka: 100-300 maalintii).

2. Doorashada habka saxda ah ee gaadiidka waxay badbaadin kartaa 30% kharashka

3. Ha illoobin "kharashka u hoggaansanaanta", haddii kale alaabta waa la soo celin karaa

IV. Talo-soo-jeedin wax-ku-ool ah: Sida loo doorto xaalado kala duwan?

1. Dukaamada yaryar (mugga iibka ≤5 cutub): mudnaanta siiya dhoofinta weelka ee Shiinaha lagu sameeyo + gaadiidka u dhow waddanka loo socdo (tusaale, Shiinaha ilaa Malaysia, ku raaxaysiga tacriifadaha RCEP), iyada oo wadarta kharashku 15% ka hooseeyo dhoofinta tooska ah;
2. Suuqyada waaweyn ee silsiladaha ah (tirada iibka ≥20 cutub): Si toos ah ula xiriir warshadaha Shiinaha si aad u habayn kartid (sida ku darista LOGO-yada sumadda, hagaajinta dhererka shelf), iyadoo 10% qiimo dhimis dheeraad ah lagu samaynayo qiimaha bulk, iyadoo lagu xirayo qiimaha rarida ee weelasha buuxa;
3. Dukaamada waaweyn ee dhamaadka-dhamaadka ah (raadinta tayada): Dooro "Qaybaha asaasiga ah ee Shiinaha + Golaha Yurub" (sida kombaresarada Shiinaha + shirka Jarmalka), kaas oo ka fogaanaya canshuuraha sare oo sidoo kale qaadi kara calaamadda "Made in Europe".

Awood u yeelashada armaajooyinka cabitaanka ee dibadda laga keeno laguma go'aamiyo qiimaha mishiinka qaawan oo keliya, laakiin waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa isku dhafka ugu wanaagsan ee 'mashiinka qaawan + tacriifadaha + gaadiidka + u hoggaansanaanta'.

• Haddii waddanka la beegsanayo uusan lahayn canshuur sare oo Shiinaha ah: dooro Shiinaha (boqorka waxqabadka kharashka);
• Suuqyada ay u badan yihiin xubnaha RCEP, mudnaanta sii Thailand iyo Malaysia faa'iidooyinka tariifadooda iyo wakhtiga gaarsiinta.
• Si aad u hesho muuqaal sare, dooro golaha Yurub (inkasta oo miisaaniyadu labanlaabmi doonto).

Waxaa habboon in 1-2 maalmood lagu bixiyo cilmi-baadhista tacriifadaha dalka la beegsanayo iyo shuruudaha caddaynta marka hore. Ka dib, la xidhiidh ugu yaraan saddex alaab-qeybiyeyaal si aad u hesho 'xigasho buuxda' (oo ay ku jiraan mashiinka qaawan, rarida, fasaxa kastamka, iyo shahaado). Is barbar dhig xigashooyinka ka hor intaadan dalban dalabkaaga - ka dib dhammaan, dukaamada waaweyn waxay ku shaqeeyaan meelo khafiif ah, iyo dinaar kasta waa la xisaabiyaa.