Ha ho romelloa lipontšo tse sehatsetsing (kapa mabokose a pontšo) ho tloha Chaena ho ea mebarakeng ea lefats'e, ho khetha pakeng tsa thepa ea moea le ea leoatle ho itšetlehile ka litšenyehelo, nako le boholo ba thepa. Ka 2025, ka melaoana e mecha ea tikoloho ea IMO le litheko tse feto-fetohang tsa mafura, ho utloisisa lintlha tsa morao-rao tsa litheko le tsa thepa ho bohlokoa bakeng sa likhoebo. Tataiso ena e arola litefiso tsa 2025, lintlha tse qaqileng tsa litsela le malebela a litsebi bakeng sa libaka tse kholo.
Litheko tse tobileng ho tloha Chaena ho ea libakeng tse fapaneng lefatšeng ka bophara li ka tlase:
1. Chaena ho ea United States
(1) Mokero oa Lifofane
Litefiso: $4.25–$5.39 ka kg (100kg+). Sehla sa tlhoro (Pulungoana–Tshitwe) se eketsa $1–$2/kg ka lebaka la khaello ya bokgoni.
Nako ea Lipalangoang: Matsatsi a 3–5 (lifofane tse tobileng tsa Shanghai/Los Angeles).
Molemo ka ho Fetisisa Bakeng sa: Liodara tse potlakileng (mohlala, libaka tse bulehileng tsa lireschorente) kapa lihlopha tse nyane (≤5 units).
(2) Mekero ea Leoatle (Lijana tsa Reefer)
20ft Reefer: $2,000–$4,000 ho ea Los Angeles; $3,000–$5,000 ho ea New York.
40ft High Cube Reefer: $3,000–$5,000 ho ea Los Angeles; $4,000–$6,000 ho ea New York.
Litlatsetso: Tefiso ea ts'ebetso ea sehatsetsing ($1,500–$2,500/setshelo) + lekhetho la thepa e tsoang US (9% bakeng sa khoutu ea HS 8418500000).
Nako ea Lipalangoang: Matsatsi a 18–25 (Lebopong le ka Bophirima); Matsatsi a 25–35 (Lebopong le ka Botjhabela).
Molemo ka ho Fetisisa Bakeng sa: Liodara tse ngata (liyuniti tse fetang 10) tse nang le linako tse tenyetsehang.
2. Chaena ho ea Europe
Thepa ea Moeeng
Litefiso: $4.25–$4.59 ka kg (100kg+). Litsela tsa Frankfurt/Paris li tsitsitse haholo.
Nako ea Lipalangoang: Matsatsi a 4–7 (lifofane tse tobileng tsa Guangzhou/Amsterdam).
Dintlha: EU ETS (Sistimi ea Khoebo ea Mesi e Hlahisang Mosi) e eketsa ~€5/ton tefisong ea khabone.
Thepa ea Leoatleng (Lijana tsa Reefer)
20ft Reefer: $1,920–$3,500 ho ea Hamburg (Europe Leboea); $3,500–$5,000 ho ea Barcelona (Mediterranean).
40ft High Cube Reefer: $3,200–$5,000 ho ea Hamburg; $5,000–$7,000 ho ea Barcelona.
Litlatsetso: Tefiso e eketsehileng ea mafura a sebabole se tlase (LSS: $140/setshelo) ka lebaka la melao ea IMO 2025.
Nako ea Lipalangoang: Matsatsi a 28–35 (Europe Leboea); Matsatsi a 32–40 (Mediterranean).
3. Chaena ho ea Asia Boroa-bochabela
Thepa ea Moeeng
Litefiso: $2–$3 ka kg (100kg+). Mehlala: Chaena→Vietnam ($2.1/kg); Chaena→Thailand ($2.8/kg).
Nako ea Lipalangoang: Matsatsi a 1-3 (lifofane tsa libaka).
Thepa ea Leoatleng (Lijana tsa Reefer)
20ft Reefer: $800–$1,500 ho ea Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam); $1,200–$1,800 ho ea Bangkok (Thailand).
Nako ea Lipalangoang: Matsatsi a 5-10 (litsela tse khutšoanyane).
4. Chaena ho tloha Afrika ho ea ho Chaena
Thepa ea Moeeng
Litefiso: $5–$7 ka kg (100kg+). Mehlala: Chaena→Nigeria ($6.5/kg); Chaena→Afrika Borwa ($5.2/kg).
Mathata: Tlokotsi ea koung ea Lagos e eketsa litefiso tsa tieho tsa $300–$500.
Thepa ea Leoatleng (Lijana tsa Reefer)
20ft Reefer: $3,500–$4,500 ho ea Lagos (Nigeria); $3,200–$4,000 ho ea Durban (Afrika Boroa).
Nako ea Lipalangoang: Matsatsi a 35–45.
Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa tse Amang Litheko tsa 2025
1. Litšenyehelo tsa peterole
Keketseho ea 10% ea mafura a jete e eketsa thepa ea sefofane ka 5-8%; mafura a leoatleng a ama sekhahla sa leoatle ka tlase empa likhetho tsa sebabole se tlase li bitsa 30% ho feta.
2. Boleng ba linako tsa selemo
Thepa ea moea e fihla sehlohlolong nakong ea kotara ea bone (Labohlano le Letšo, Keresemese); thepa ea leoatleng e eketseha pele ho Selemo se Secha sa Chaena (Pherekhong-Hlakola).
3.Melawana
EU CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism) le litefiso tsa tšepe tsa US (ho fihlela ho 50%) li eketsa 5–10% litšenyehelong tsohle.
4. Litlhaloso tsa Thepa
Dipontsho tse kentsweng ka sehatsetsing di hloka ho romelwa ka mocheso o laolwang (0–10°C). Ho se latele melao ho beha kotsing ya kotlo ya $200+/hora.
Malebela a Litsebi bakeng sa ho Boloka Litšenyehelo
(1) Kopanya Dithomello:
Bakeng sa diotara tse nyane (diyuniti tse 2-5), sebedisa thepa ya lewatle ya LCL (Mojaro o ka tlase ho wa dikontenara) ho fokotsa ditjeo ka 30%.
(2) Ntlafatsa Sephutheloana
Qhaqha mamati/liforeimi tsa khalase ho fokotsa bophahamo ba modumo—e boloka 15–20% hodima thepa ya moya (e lefisoa ka boima ba modumo: bolelele × bophara × bophahamo/6000).
(3) Bokgoni ba Pele ho Buka
Boloka libaka tsa leoatle/moea libeke tse 4-6 esale pele nakong ea linako tsa tlhōrō ho qoba litefiso tsa premium.
Inshorense (4)
Kenya "sekoahelo sa ho kheloha mocheso" (0.2% ea boleng ba thepa) ho sireletsa khahlanong le ho senyeha kapa tšenyo ea lisebelisoa.
Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa: Lipontšo tsa ho Romela tse Sehatsetsing tse tsoang Chaena
P: Ke ditokomane dife tse hlokahalang bakeng sa lekgetho?
A: Invoice ea khoebo, lethathamo la ho paka, setifikeiti sa CE/UL (bakeng sa EU/US), le tlaleho ea mocheso (e hlokahalang bakeng sa li-reefers).
P: Ho sebetsanoa le thepa e senyehileng joang?
K: Hlahloba thepa boemakepeng ba ho ntsha thepa 'me u kenye tleleime matsatsing a 3 (moea) kapa matsatsi a 7 (leoatleng) ka linepe tsa tšenyo.
P: Na thepa ea terene ke khetho bakeng sa Europe?
K: E—China→Europe terene e nka matsatsi a 18-22, ka ditefiso tse ka tlase ho 30% ho feta moya empa tse ka hodimo ho 50% ho feta lewatle.
Bakeng sa 2025, thepa ea likepe e ntse e le eona e theko e tlaase ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa thepa e rekisitsoeng ka sehatsetsing ka bongata (e boloka 60%+ khahlanong le moea), ha thepa ea lifofane e lumellana le liodara tse potlakileng, tse nyane. Sebelisa tataiso ena ho bapisa litsela, ho shebana le litefiso tse eketsehileng, le ho rera esale pele ho qoba tieho ea sehla sa tlhoro.
Nako ea poso: Phato-05-2025 Maikutlo: