Ha ho romelloa lipontšo tsa sehatsetsing (kapa li-ponts'o) ho tloha Chaena ho ea limmarakeng tsa lefats'e, khetho pakeng tsa thepa ea sefofane le ea leoatleng e itšetlehile ka litšenyehelo, nako le boholo ba thepa. Ka 2025, ka melaoana e mecha ea tikoloho ea IMO le litheko tse feto-fetohang tsa mafura, ho bohlokoa haholo ho utloisisa lintlha tsa morao-rao tsa litheko le thepa. Tataiso ena e hlakola litefiso tsa 2025, lintlha tsa litsela, le malebela a litsebi bakeng sa libaka tse kholo.
Litheko tse ikhethileng ho tloha China ho ea libakeng tse fapaneng ho pota lefatše ka tlase:
1. China ho ea United States
(1) Thepa ea Lifofane
Litefiso: $4.25–$5.39 ka kg (100kg+). Nako ea tlhoro (Nov–Dec) e eketsa $1–$2/kg ka lebaka la khaello ea matla.
Nako ea ho tsamaea: Matsatsi a 3-5 (lifofane tse tobileng tsa Shanghai/Los Angeles).
Molemo ka ho fetisisa Bakeng sa: Litaelo tse potlakileng (mohlala, ho buloa ha lireschorente) kapa lihlopha tse nyane (≤5 diyuniti).
(2) Meroho ea Leoatleng (Reefer Containers)
20ft Reefer: $2,000–$4,000 ho ea Los Angeles; $3,000–$5,000 ho ea New York.
40ft High Cube Reefer: $3,000–$5,000 ho ea Los Angeles; $4,000–$6,000 ho ea New York.
Keketso: Tefiso ea ho sebetsa ka sehatsetsing ($1,500–$2,500/sekontiri) + Lekhetho la US la ho reka thepa ka ntle (9% bakeng sa HS code 8418500000).
Nako ea ho tsamaea: Matsatsi a 18-25 (Lebopo la Bophirimela); Matsatsi a 25-35 (Lebopo le Botjhabela).
Molemo ka ho fetisisa Bakeng sa: Litaelo tse ngata (liyuniti tse 10+) tse nang le linako tse feto-fetohang.
2. China ho ea Europe
Thepa ea Lifofane
Litefiso: $4.25–$4.59 ka kg (100kg+). Litsela tsa Frankfurt/Paris li tsitsitse haholo.
Nako ea Lipalangoang: Matsatsi a 4-7 (lifofane tse tobileng tsa Guangzhou/Amsterdam).
Lintlha: EU ETS (Emissions Trading System) e eketsa ~€5/ton ho litefello tsa khabone.
Sea Freight (Reefer Containers)
20ft Reefer: $1,920–$3,500 ho ea Hamburg (Europe Leboea); $3,500–$5,000 ho ea Barcelona (Mediterranean).
40ft High Cube Reefer: $3,200–$5,000 ho ea Hamburg; $5,000–$7,000 ho ea Barcelona.
Keketso: Tefiso ea mafura a sebabole e tlase (LSS: $ 140 / setshelo) ka lebaka la melao ea IMO 2025.
Nako ea Transit: matsatsi a 28-35 (Europe Leboea); Matsatsi a 32-40 (Mediterranean).
3. Chaena ho ea Asia Boroa-bochabela
Thepa ea Lifofane
Litefiso: $2–$3 ka kg (100kg+). Mehlala: China→Vietnam ($2.1/kg); China→Thailand ($2.8/kg).
Nako ea ho eta: matsatsi a 1-3 (lifofane tsa libaka).
Sea Freight (Reefer Containers)
20ft Reefer: $800–$1,500 ho ea Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam); $1,200–$1,800 ho ea Bangkok (Thailand).
Nako ea ho tsamaea: matsatsi a 5-10 (litsela tse khutšoane).
4. China ho ea Afrika
Thepa ea Lifofane
Litefiso: $5–$7 ka kg (100kg+). Mehlala: China→Nigeria ($6.5/kg); China→Afrika Boroa ($5.2/kg).
Mathata: Tšubuhlellano ea koung ea Lagos e eketsa $300–$500 ka litefiso tsa ho lieha.
Sea Freight (Reefer Containers)
20ft Reefer: $3,500–$4,500 ho ea Lagos (Nigeria); $3,200–$4,000 ho ea Durban (Afrika Boroa).
Nako ea ho tsamaea: matsatsi a 35-45.
Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa tse Amang Litheko tsa 2025
1.Litšenyehelo tsa Mafura
Ho phahama ha 10% ea mafura a jet ho eketsa thepa ea moea ka 5-8%; mafura a leoatleng a ama sekgahla sa mawatle a le tlase empa dikgetho tsa sulphur e tlase di bitsa 30% ho feta.
2.Sehla
Litlhōrō tsa thepa ea moea nakong ea Q4 (Black Friday, Christmas); ho phahama ha thepa ea leoatleng pele ho Selemo se Secha sa Machaena (Jan–Feb).
3.Melawana
EU CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism) le litefiso tsa tšepe tsa US (ho fihla ho 50%) li eketsa 5-10% ho kakaretso ea litšenyehelo.
4.Litlhaloso tsa Cargo
Lipontšo tse entsoeng ka sehatsetsing li hloka sekepe se laoloang ke mocheso (0–10°C). Ho se ikobele ho ipeha kotsing ea likotlo tsa $200+/hora.
Malebela a Setsebi a ho Pholosa Litšenyehelo
(1) Kopanya Thomello:
Bakeng sa liodara tse nyane (li-unit tse 2-5), sebelisa LCL (Less than Container Load) sekepe sa leoatleng ho fokotsa litšenyehelo ka 30%.
(2) Ntlafatsa Packaging
Harola mamati / liforeimi tsa khalase ho fokotsa molumo-ho boloka 15-20% ho thepa ea moea (e lefisoa ka boima ba molumo: bolelele× bophara× bophahamo/6000).
(3) Bokhoni ba Pele ho Buka
Sebaka sa polokelo ea leoatle / moea se behella libeke tse 4-6 esale pele nakong ea linako tse phahameng haholo ho qoba litefiso tsa pele.
(4) Inshorense
Eketsa "kabelo ea ho kheloha mocheso" (0.2% ea boleng ba thepa) ho itšireletsa khahlanong le ho senyeha kapa ho senyeha ha thepa.
FAQ: Ho Romela Lipontšo tsa Sehatsetsing tse tsoang Chaena
P: Ke litokomane life tse hlokahalang bakeng sa meetlo?
A: Invoice ea khoebo, lenane la ho paka, setifikeiti sa CE/UL (bakeng sa EU/US), le tlaleho ea mocheso (e hlokehang bakeng sa li-reefers).
P: Joang ho sebetsana le thepa e senyehileng?
A: Lekola thepa boema-kepeng ba ho lahla le ho kenya kopo nakong ea matsatsi a 3 (moea) kapa matsatsi a 7 (leoatleng) ka linepe tsa tšenyo.
P: Na thepa ea terene ke khetho bakeng sa Europe?
A: E—Chaena→Terene ea Europe e nka matsatsi a 18–22, ka litefiso tse ~30% ka tlase ho moea empa 50% e phahametse leoatle.
Bakeng sa 2025, thepa ea leoatleng e ntse e le eona e bolokang chelete e ngata bakeng sa thepa e ngata e nang le sehatsetsing (e boloka 60%+ khahlanong le moea), athe thepa ea sefofane e tšoanela litaelo tse potlakileng, tse nyenyane. Sebelisa tataiso ena ho bapisa litsela, palo ea litefello, 'me u rere esale pele ho qoba tieho ea sehla se phahameng haholo.
Nako ea poso: Aug-05-2025 Maikutlo: