Litlhaloso tsa liphutheloana tsa likhabinete tsa lipontšo tsa kuku tsa desktop li theha motheo oa ho bala thepa ea machabeng. Har'a mehlala e meholo e potolohang lefatšeng ka bophara, likhabinete tse nyane tsa desktop (bolelele ba mithara e 0.8-1) li na le bophahamo ba li-cubic metres tse ka bang 0.8-1.2 le boima ba kakaretso ba 60-90 kg; mehlala ea boholo bo mahareng (limithara tse 1-1.5) e na le bophahamo ba li-cubic metres tse 1.2-1.8 le boima ba kakaretso ba 90-150 kg; mehlala e meholo e ikhethileng (e fetang limithara tse 1.5) hangata e feta li-cubic metres tse 2 ka bophahamo 'me e ka ba boima ba fetang 200 kg.
Ho tsa ditsamaiso tsa matjhaba, thepa ya lewatle e balwa ka "dimithara tsa dikhubu", ha thepa ya moya e balwa ho latela boleng bo hodimo pakeng tsa "dikhilograma" kapa "boima ba tekanyo" (bolelele × bophara × bophahamo ÷ 5000, mme difofane tse ding di sebedisa 6000). Ha re nka khabinete ya kuku e mahareng ya dimithara tse 1.2 e le mohlala, boima ba yona ba tekanyo ke 300 kg (dimithara tsa dikhubu tse 1.5 × 200). Haeba e romelwa ka sefofane ho tloha Chaena ho ya Europe, thepa ya motheo e ka ba $3-5 ka kg, e leng se fellang ka thepa ya moya feela e tlohang ho $900-1500; ka lewatle ($20-40 ka dimithara tsa dikhubu), thepa ya motheo ke $30-60 feela, empa potoloho ya dipalangwang e bolelele ba matsatsi a 30-45.
Ho phaella moo, litlhoko tsa ho nepahala ha lisebelisoa li eketsa litšenyehelo tse eketsehileng.Ka lebaka la di-compressor tse kentsweng kahare le khalase e halefileng, dipalangwang tsa matjhaba di tlameha ho latela maemo a ho paka a ISTA 3A. Ditjeo tsa dikreiti tsa lehong tse thibelang ho sekamela tse ikgethang ke hoo e ka bang $50-100 ka yuniti, e leng se fetang haholo ditjeo tsa ho paka tse bonolo bakeng sa dipalangwang tsa malapeng. Dinaha tse ding (tse kang Australia le New Zealand) le tsona di hloka hore disebediswa di tsamaye le disetifikeiti tsa ho tjhesa, ka ditefiso tse ka bang $30-50 ka sehlopha.
2. Liphapang tsa Litšenyehelo le Maemo a Sebetsang a Mekhoa ea Lipalangoang Tse Tšeletseng Meeli
Kgwebisanong ya lefatshe ka bophara, kgetho ya mokgwa wa dipalangwang e etsa qeto ka ho toba ka ditjeo tsa thepa, ka diphapang tsa ditjeo pakeng tsa mekgwa e fapaneng di fihlang makgetlo a fetang 10:
- Thepa ea likepe: E loketse ho tsamaiswa ka bongata (diyuniti tse 10 kapa ho feta). Setshelo se felletseng (setshelo sa maoto a 20 se ka jara dikhabote tse mahareng tse 20-30) ho tloha Asia ho ya dikoung tse kgolo tsa Yuropa (Rotterdam, Hamburg) se bitsa tjhelete e ka bang $1500-3000, e abelwang yuniti e le nngwe ke $50-150 feela; LCL (Mojaro o ka Tlase ho Setshelo) e balwa ka di-cubic metres, mme Asia ho ya Lebopong le ka Bophirima la Amerika Leboya e ka ba $30-50 ka di-cubic metres, e leng se fellang ka thepa e le nngwe ya khabote e mahareng e ka bang $45-90, empa ka ditefiso tse ding tsa ho pakolla (e ka bang $20-30 ka yuniti).
- Thepa ea moea: E loketse diotara tse potlakileng. Thepa ya moya ho tloha Asia ho ya Amerika Leboya e ka ba $4-8 ka kg, ka khabinete e le nngwe e mahareng (boima ba 300 kg) e bitsa $1200-2400, e leng makgetlo a 20-30 ho feta ya thepa ya lewatle; thepa ya moya ya ka hare ho Yuropa (mohlala, Jeremane ho ya Fora) e tlase, e ka bang $2-3 ka kg, mme ditjeo tsa yuniti e le nngwe di theohela ho $600-900.
- Lipalangoang tsa mobu: E lekanyelitsoe linaheng tsa boahelani, joalo ka ka hare ho EU ho tloha Spain ho ea Poland. Lipalangoang tsa mobung li bitsa chelete e ka bang $1.5-2 ka km, 'me leeto la lik'hilomithara tse 1000 le bitsa $150-200 ka yuniti, ka nako ea matsatsi a 3-5 le litšenyehelo lipakeng tsa thepa ea likepe le ea moea.
Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore thepa ea machabeng ha e kenyelletse litefiso tsa ho tlosa thepa ea lekhetho ea libaka tseo u eang ho tsona. Mohlala, United States, lik'habote tsa kuku tsa khoebo tse tsoang kantle ho naha li lefisoa lekhetho la 2.5%-5% (khoutu ea HTS 841869), hammoho le litefiso tsa moemeli oa ho tlosa thepa ea lekhetho (hoo e ka bang $100-200 ka thomello), e leng se eketsang litšenyehelo tsa 'nete tsa ho fihla ka 10%-15%.
3. Tšusumetso ea Marangrang a Litsamaiso tsa Libaka ho Thepa ea Terminal
Ho se leka-lekane ha marangrang a lefats'e a thepa ho lebisa liphapang tse kholo litšenyehelong tsa kabo ea thepa ea terminal ho pholletsa le libaka:
Limmaraka tse holileng Europe le Amerika: Ka meralo ya motheo ya thepa e ntlafetseng hantle, ditjeo tsa kabo ho tloha dikoung ho ya mabenkeleng di tlase. Amerika, ho tloha Koung ya Los Angeles ho ya toropong ya Chicago, tefiso ya dipalangwang tsa mobu bakeng sa khabinete e le nngwe e mahareng e ka ba $80-150; Europe, ho tloha Koung ya Hamburg ho ya toropong ya Munich, ke hoo e ka bang €50-100 (e lekanang le $60-120), ka kgetho ya ho romelwa ka nako e rerilweng (e hlokang tefiso e eketsehileng ya tshebeletso ya $20-30).
Mebaraka e ntseng e hlaha: Litšenyehelo tsa ho qetela li phahame. Asia Boroa-bochabela (mohlala, Jakarta, Indonesia), tefiso ea ho tlisa thepa ho tloha koung ho ea toropong ke hoo e ka bang $100-200 ka yuniti, ka litefiso tse ling tse kang litefiso tsa ho kena le litefiso tsa ho kena; lipalangoangng tsa ka hare ho naha ho tloha Koung ea Lagos, Nigeria, ka lebaka la maemo a mabe a litsela, thepa ea yuniti e le 'ngoe e ka fihla ho $200-300, e leng se etsang 30%-50% ea theko ea CIF ea koung.
Libaka tse hole: Phetisetso ea thepa ka makhetlo a mangata e lebisa litšenyehelong tse imenne habeli. Linaha tse kang Paraguay Amerika Boroa le Malawi Afrika li hloka hore thepa e tsamaisoe ka har'a likou tse haufi, 'me kakaretso ea thepa bakeng sa khabinete e le 'ngoe e mahareng (ho kenyeletsoa le phetisetso ea thepa) e fihla ho $800-1500, e leng se fetang haholo litšenyehelo tsa theko ea lisebelisoa ka botsona.
4. Maano a ho Laola Litšenyehelo tsa Thepa Lefats'eng ka Bophara
Khoebong ea machaba, ho rera ka nepo lihokelo tsa thepa ho ka fokotsa karolo ea litšenyehelo tsa thepa ka katleho:
Lipalangoang tse bohareng tse ngata: Liodara tsa diyuniti tse 10 kapa ho feta tse sebedisang thepa e tletseng sekepeng di ka boloka 30%-40% ha di bapiswa le LCL. Mohlala, ho romela thepa ho tloha Chaena ho ya Brazil, setshelo se tletseng sa maoto a 20 se bitsa tjhelete e ka bang $4000 (se kgonang ho tshwara diyuniti tse 25), ka kabo ya yuniti ka nngwe ya $160; ho romela thepa ka dihlopha tse 10 tse arohaneng tsa LCL ho tla fella ka thepa e fetang $300 ka yuniti.
Sebopeho sa polokelo ea libaka: Ho hira matlo a polokelo a mose ho maoatle mebarakeng ea bohlokoa joalo ka Amerika Leboea le Europe, ho sebelisoa mohlala oa "kabo ea thepa ea likepe tse felletseng + thepa ea polokelo ea mose ho maoatle", ho ka fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ho tlisa thepa ka bonngoe ho tloha ho $150 ka yuniti ho ea ho $50-80. Mohlala,Amazon FBAMatlo a polokelo a Europe a tšehetsa polokelo ea lisebelisoa tsa ketane e batang, ka rente ea khoeli le khoeli ea hoo e ka bang $10-15 ka yuniti, e leng theko e tlase haholo ho feta litšenyehelo tsa thepa e mengata ea machabeng.
5. Litšupiso bakeng sa Mekhahlelo ea Thepa ea 'Maraka oa Lefatše
Ho latela maemo a machaba a thepa, lik'habinete tsa pontšo ea kuku tsa khoebo tsa lefats'e ka bophara li ka akaretsoa ka mekhahlelo e latelang (kaofela bakeng sa lik'habinete tse le 'ngoe tse mahareng, ho kenyeletsoa le thepa ea motheo + tumello ea lekhetho + thomello ea seteishene):
- Kgwebo ya ka hare ho dibaka (mohlala, ka hare ho EU, ka hare ho Amerika Leboya): $150-300;
- Lipalangoang tse haufi le leoatle tse pakeng tsa lik'honthinente (Asia ho ea Asia Boroa-bochabela, Europe ho ea Afrika Leboea): $300-600;
- Lipalangoang tsa leoatle tse pakeng tsa lik'honthinente (Asia ho ea Amerika Leboea, Europe ho ea Amerika Boroa): $600-1200;
- Libaka tse hole (ka hare ho naha ea Afrika, linaha tse nyane tsa Amerika Boroa): $1200-2000.
Ho feta moo, ditjeo tse eketsehileng nakong e ikgethang di hloka tlhokomelo: bakeng sa keketseho e nngwe le e nngwe ya 10% ya ditheko tsa mafura, ditjeo tsa thepa ya lewatle di nyoloha ka 5%-8%; ditsela tse kgelohang tse bakwang ke dintwa tsa dipolotiki (tse kang mathata a Lewatle le Lefubedu) di ka imena sekgahla sa thepa ditseleng tsa Asia-Europe habeli, tsa eketsa ditjeo tsa yuniti e le nngwe ka $300-500.
Nako ea poso: Loetse-10-2025 Maikutlo: