Lapho uthumela imibukiso efakwe esiqandisini (noma amakesi okubukisa) ukusuka e-China kuya ezimakethe zomhlaba, ukukhetha phakathi kwempahla yomoya neyasolwandle kuncike ezindlekweni, umugqa wesikhathi, nosayizi wempahla. Ngo-2025, ngemithetho emisha yemvelo ye-IMO kanye nentengo kaphethiloli eguquguqukayo, ukuqonda amanani akamuva nemininingwane yokuhleleka kubalulekile emabhizinisini. Lo mhlahlandlela wehlukanisa amanani ka-2025, imininingwane yomzila, namathiphu ochwepheshe bezindawo ezinkulu.
Izintengo ezithile ezivela eChina ziye ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele ngezansi:
1. I-China iya e-United States
(1) Ukuthutha Ngezindiza
Amanani: $4.25–$5.39 ngekg (100kg+). Isizini ephezulu (Nov–Dec) yengeza u-$1–$2/kg ngenxa yokushoda kwamandla.
Isikhathi Sokuthutha: Izinsuku ezi-3–5 (izindiza eziqondile zaseShanghai/Los Angeles).
Kuhle kakhulu: Ama-oda aphuthumayo (isb, ukuvulwa kwezindawo zokudlela) noma amaqoqo amancane (≤5 amayunithi).
(2) Impahla Yasolwandle (Reefer Containers)
20ft Reefer: $2,000–$4,000 kuya eLos Angeles; $3,000–$5,000 ukuya eNew York.
40ft High Cube Reefer: $3,000–$5,000 kuya eLos Angeles; $4,000–$6,000 ukuya eNew York.
Izengezo: Imali yokusebenza kwesiqandisi ($1,500–$2,500/isitsha) + Intela yokungenisa yase-US (9% yekhodi ye-HS 8418500000).
Isikhathi Sokuthutha: Izinsuku eziyi-18–25 (OGwini LwaseNtshonalanga); 25-35 izinsuku (East Coast).
Kuhle kakhulu: Ama-oda amaningi (amayunithi angu-10+) anezikhathi ezivumelana nezimo.
2. China ukuya eYurophu
Izimpahla Zomoya
Amanani: $4.25–$4.59 ngekhilogremu (100kg+). Imizila yaseFrankfurt/Paris izinzile kakhulu.
Isikhathi Sokuthutha: izinsuku ezi-4-7 (izindiza eziqondile zase-Guangzhou/Amsterdam).
Amanothi: I-EU ETS (I-Emissions Trading System) yengeza ~€5/ton ezinkokhisweni zekhabhoni.
Impahla Yasolwandle (Reefer Containers)
I-20ft Reefer: $1,920–$3,500 ukuya e-Hamburg (eNyakatho Yurophu); $3,500–$5,000 ukuya e-Barcelona (Medithera).
40ft High Cube Reefer: $3,200–$5,000 ukuze Hamburg; $5,000–$7,000 ukuya e-Barcelona.
Izengezo: Inhlawulo kaphethiloli enesulfure ephansi (LSS: $140/isitsha) ngenxa yemithetho ye-IMO 2025.
Isikhathi Sokuhamba: Izinsuku ze-28-35 (eNyakatho Yurophu); Izinsuku ezingama-32-40 (iMedithera).
3. I-China ukuya eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia
Izimpahla Zomoya
Amanani: $2–$3 ngekhilogremu ngayinye (100kg+). Izibonelo: I-China→Vietnam ($2.1/kg); I-China→Thailand ($2.8/kg).
Isikhathi Sokuthutha: 1-3 izinsuku (izindiza zesifunda).
Impahla Yasolwandle (Reefer Containers)
20ft Reefer: $800–$1,500 to Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam); $1,200–$1,800 ukuya e-Bangkok (Thailand).
Isikhathi Sokuhamba: izinsuku ezi-5-10 (imizila yohambo olufushane).
4. I-China ukuya e-Afrika
Izimpahla Zomoya
Amanani: $5–$7 ngekhilogremu (100kg+). Izibonelo: I-China→Nigeria ($6.5/kg); E-China→iNingizimu Afrika ($5.2/kg).
Izinselelo: Ukuminyana kwechweba laseLagos kwengeza u-$300–$500 ezinkokhelweni zokulibaziseka.
Impahla Yasolwandle (Reefer Containers)
20ft Reefer: $3,500–$4,500 kuya eLagos (Nigeria); $3,200–$4,000 eya eThekwini (eNingizimu Afrika).
Isikhathi Sokuhamba: izinsuku ezingama-35-45.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Ezithinta Izintengo zango-2025
1.Izindleko Zamafutha
Ukwenyuka ngo-10% kuphethiloli wejethi kwenyusa imithwalo yomoya ngo-5-8%; uphethiloli wasolwandle unomthelela emazingeni olwandle amancane kodwa ongakhetha kukho okunesulfure ephansi kubiza u-30% ngaphezulu.
2.Isikhathi sonyaka
Iziqongo zezimpahla zomoya ngesikhathi se-Q4 (Black Friday, Christmas); ukukhuphuka kwezimpahla zasolwandle ngaphambi konyaka omusha wamaShayina (Jan–Feb).
3.Imithethonqubo
I-EU CBAM (I-Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism) kanye nezintengo zensimbi zase-US (kufika ku-50%) zengeza u-5–10% ezindlekweni zizonke.
4.Imininingwane Yezimpahla
Imibukiso efakwe esiqandisini idinga ukuthunyelwa okulawulwa izinga lokushisa (0–10°C). Ukungathobeli kubeka engcupheni inhlawulo engu-$200+/ngehora.
Amathiphu Ochwepheshe Okonga Izindleko
(1) Hlanganisa ukuthunyelwa:
Kuma-oda amancane (amayunithi angu-2–5), sebenzisa i-LCL (Ngaphansi Komthwalo Wesitsha) ukuze wehlise izindleko ngo-30%.
(2) Lungiselela Ukupakisha
Hlukanisa iminyango/amafreyimu engilazi ukuze unciphise ivolumu—yonga u-15–20% ezimpahleni zomoya (zikhokhiswe ngesisindo sevolumu: ubude×ububanzi×ubude/6000).
(3) Amandla e-Pre-Book
Gcina izindawo zasolwandle/zomoya kusasele amaviki angu-4–6 phakathi nezinkathi zonyaka eziphakeme kakhulu ukuze ugweme izilinganiso zeprimiyamu.
(4) Umshwalense
Engeza "izinga lokushisa eliguquguqukayo" (0.2% yenani lomthwalo) ukuze uvikele ekonakalisweni noma ekulimaleni kwempahla.
I-FAQ: Ukuthumela Imibukiso Eyisiqandisi evela e-China
Q: Yimaphi amadokhumenti adingekayo kuma-customs?
A: I-invoyisi yezentengiselwano, uhlu lokupakisha, isitifiketi se-CE/UL (se-EU/US), kanye nerekhodi lokushisa (elidingekayo kuma-reefers).
Q: Indlela yokusingatha izimpahla ezilimele?
IMP: Hlola impahla ezindaweni zokulahla futhi ufake isimangalo zingakapheli izinsuku ezi-3 (emoyeni) noma izinsuku eziyi-7 (ulwandle) ngezithombe zomonakalo.
Q: Ingabe ukuthuthwa kwezitimela kuyindlela yase-Europe?
A: Yebo—China→Isitimela saseYurophu sithatha izinsuku eziyi-18–22, ngamanani angaphansi kuka-30% kunomoya kodwa ngo-50% ngaphezu kolwandle.
Ngo-2025, izimpahla zasolwandle zihlala zingonga kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kwenqwaba yesiqandisi (konga u-60%+ uma kuqhathaniswa nomoya), kuyilapho impahla ethunyelwa emoyeni ifanele ama-oda aphuthumayo, amaqoqo amancane. Sebenzisa lo mhlahlandlela ukuze uqhathanise imizila, inani lezindleko ezingeziwe, futhi uhlele kusengaphambili ukugwema ukubambezeleka kwesizini enkulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-05-2025 Ukubukwa: