Ungawathenga kanjani amafriji aqondile ngqo ezitolo ezinkulu? Ngokuvamile atholakala emazweni avela kuwo noma angeniswe kwamanye amazwe. Intengo yokungenisa iphakeme cishe ngo-20% kunentengo ezweni avela kulo, kuye ngohlobo kanye nemingcele eningiliziwe. Isibonelo, amafriji aqondile aneminyango yengilazi avame ukuba phakathi kuka-$1000 no-$5000.
Izici ezithinta intengo zifaka phakathi imininingwane yemishini ethengiwe, iziteshi, ubuningi, kanye nezimo zemakethe. Izinguquko kusici ngasinye zingaholela emananini ahlukene, okulingana nokushintshashintsha okungahleliwe.
Imininingwane yemishini ihilela kakhulu izici ezifana nomthamo, imisebenzi, kanye nezinto zokwakha. Isibonelo, amafriji amancane (200-400L) abiza cishe u-$1100, amakhulu (600L) abiza cishe u-$2000, kanti intengo yamafriji anekhono elenziwe ngokwezifiso inganqunywa ngokusekelwe ezimweni zangempela.
Ngokuphathelene nemisebenzi, imisebenzi yamanje evamile ihlanganisa ukulawulwa kokushisa okuhlakaniphile, ukonga amandla, ukuqandisa ngokushesha, kanye nokubulala amagciwane, okwandisa intengo ngo-40%. Ukonga amandla kubonakala kakhulu ekwamukelweni kokusebenza kahle kwamandla kwesigaba sokuqala. Umgomo wokuqandisa ngokushesha ukwenza i-compressor isebenze ngesivinini esikhulu.
Umthelela weziteshi entengo uyahlukahluka. Intengo ephansi yefektri akusho ukuthi intengo yokugcina izoba phansi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuhilela izinqubo nezindleko ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye izinkampani zokuhweba ezigxile ekuthumeleni amafriji amile nazo ziyiziteshi ezibalulekile. Uma uthenga, kubalulekile ukubala intengo elinganisiwe bese ukhetha ngokuhlaziya.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakhohlwa izinzuzo zezinye iziteshi zokuthengisa. Isibonelo, ukuthenga ngobuningi ezimbonini kuyabiza, kodwa uma kuyiyunithi eyodwa eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, intengo ivame ukuba phezulu. Ngakho-ke, ezinye iziteshi zokuthengisa nazo ziyizinketho ezinhle zemishini emile.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokuthengwa kwempahla, izimo ezivamile zokusetshenziswa yizitolo ezinkulu, izitolo ezinkulu, kanye nezitolo ezinkulu, lapho inani lilikhulu khona ngokungenakugwenywa. Abanye abahlinzeki bazonikeza izaphulelo ngokusekelwe enanini elithile, ngokuvamile kusuka ku-2% kuya ku-10%, futhi ububanzi besaphulelo buxhomeke enanini langempela.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi intengo yokungenisa impahla enezinto ezibuthakathaka njengengilazi ivame ukuba phezulu kuneyezinto ezivamile ezibuthakathaka. Izici eziyinhloko ezithonyayo zingahlaziywa kafushane kusukela ezicini ezintathu: izindleko zezokuthutha, izindleko zokupakisha, kanye namaphrimiyamu engozi:
(1) Izindleko eziphezulu zezokuthutha
Iminyango yamafriji aqondile iqukethe ingilazi, futhi izinto ezibuthakathaka zinezidingo eziqinile zenqubo yokuthutha. Izindlela zokuhamba ezizinzile (njengokuthunyelwa kwezitsha ezigcwele ezindizeni zasolwandle kanye nezikhundla ezikhethekile ezindizeni zasolwandle) zidinga ukukhethwa ukuze kugwenywe ukuphuma nokushayisana kwezokuthutha ze-LCL (Less than Container Load).
(2) Izindleko zokupakisha
Ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lomonakalo, kudingeka izinto zokuhlobisa zobungcweti (njenge-foam, i-bubble wrap, ama-pallet okhuni, amabhokisi angenawo ama-shock, njll.) kanye nokupakisha okwenziwe ngokwezifiso okungangeni manzi nokumelana nokucindezela. Izindleko zezinto zokupakisha kanye nezindleko zokupakisha ngesandla ziphakeme kakhulu kunezezimpahla ezivamile.
(3) I-premium yengozi engacatshangwa
Abangenisi bezimpahla kwamanye amazwe kudingeka bathwale ingozi yokulimala kwezinto ezibuthakathaka ngesikhathi sokulayisha, ukulayisha impahla, ukuthutha, kanye nokukhishwa kwempahla. Kungase kudingeke bathenge umshwalense wempahla ohlanganisa "ingozi yokwaphuka" (iprimiyamu ivame ukuba yiphesenti elithile lenani lezimpahla). Uma kwenzeka umonakalo, kuzokhokhwa izindleko ezengeziwe zokugcwalisa kabusha, ukubuyisa impahla, kanye nokushintshana (njengokuthutha okwesibili, ukukhokha kabusha amanani entela, njll.). Lezi zindleko zengozi zizokwabelwa ngokungaqondile entengweni yokungenisa impahla, zenze iprimiyamu efihliwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amazwe anezindinganiso eziqinile zokuhlola ukuvunyelwa kwempahla yentela yezinto ezibuthakathaka (njengokuhlola ukuhambisana nokupakisha, izimpawu zokuphepha, njll.). Uma kudingeka kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezengeziwe zokuhlola, kungase futhi kwandise inani elincane lezindleko zokusebenza, okuzothinta kakhulu intengo yokugcina yokungenisa impahla.
Ngamafuphi, "intengo engcono kakhulu" yabathengisi abancane nabaphakathi abathenga iyunithi eyodwa ivame ukuba phakathi nendawo kuya phansi kwentengo eyisisekelo (isibonelo, amamodeli aqandisiwe angu-400L abiza u-$1100-$5500). Ngokuthengwa ngobuningi (amayunithi ama-5 nangaphezulu), intengo engcono kakhulu ingancishiswa ibe ngu-70%-80% wentengo eyisisekelo, futhi kufanele kunikezwe kuqala iziteshi ngobuningi ngabasabalalisi noma ukuthengwa ngqo kwabakhiqizi ngesikhathi sokuphumula, kucatshangelwa intengo kanye nensizakalo yangemva kokuthengisa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Sep-02-2025 Ukubukwa: