Labo abasebhizinisini lokuthumela ngaphandle amakhabethe eziphuzo anomnyango owodwa e-EU bayaqonda ukuthi isitifiketi se-CE "siyipasipoti" yemikhiqizo ukuze ingene ngokusemthethweni emakethe ye-EU. Kodwa-ke, abafakizicelo abaningi bokuqala bavame ukubhekana nokubambezeleka kwesitifiketi noma ngisho nokulahlwa kwama-oda ngenxa yamadokhumenti angaphelele noma angahambisani nomthetho. Eqinisweni, ngokulandela indlela efanele nokulungisa izinto ngokohlu lokuhlola, inqubo yesitifiketi ingaqhubeka kahle.
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi amakhabethe eziphuzo anomnyango owodwa awela ngaphansi kwemishini yokuqandisa. Isitifiketi se-CE sidinga ukuhambisana nemiyalelo emithathu eyinhloko: i-Low Voltage Directive (LVD), i-Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EMC), kanye ne-Energy Efficiency Directive (ERP). Imikhiqizo ehilela ama-refrigerant kumele ihlangabezane nezimfuneko ze-FGas Regulation. Yonke imibhalo kumele ilungiselelwe mayelana nokuhambisana nalezi ziqondiso—akukho okuhlukile.
I. Imibhalo Ebalulekile Eyinhloko: Amafayela Ayisisekelo Abalulekile, Awekho Angashiywa
Lo mbhalo wakha isisekelo sesitifiketi se-CE. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha ukuzimemezela noma isitifiketi yiNhlangano Eyaziswayo, zonke izinto kumele zinikezwe ngokugcwele futhi ziqinisekiswe njengeziyiqiniso nezisebenzayo.
1. Iziqu Zenkampani kanye Nemibhalo Yolwazi Lwebhizinisi
Le mibhalo iqinisekisa kakhulu isimo sebhizinisi esisemthethweni senkampani kanye nobunikazi bomkhiqizo ukuze kuvinjelwe izingxabano zempahla yobuhlakani. Ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi:
Ikhophi yelayisensi yebhizinisi yenkampani (efakwe isitembu sophawu olusemthethweni lwenkampani), eqinisekisa ububanzi bebhizinisi ihlanganisa ukukhiqizwa noma ukuthengiswa kwemishini yokuqandisa;
Isitifiketi sokubhaliswa kophawu lokuhweba (uma sikhona), esichaza ngokucacile ubunikazi bomkhiqizo ukuze kugwenywe izingozi ezilandelayo zokwephulwa komthetho;
Ulwazi Lommeleli Ogunyaziwe we-EU (oluyimpoqo ezinkampanini ezingezona eze-EU), okuhlanganisa igama lommeleli, ikheli, imininingwane yokuxhumana, kanye nesivumelwano sokugunyazwa. Lokhu kusebenza njengobufakazi obubalulekile kubalawuli be-EU ukuze balandelele uxanduva;
Ifomu Lesicelo Sesitifiketi se-CE, elidinga ukugcwaliswa ngokunembile kwemininingwane eyinhloko efana negama lomkhiqizo, imodeli, imininingwane, iziqondiso ezisebenzayo, kanye nezindinganiso.
2. Imibhalo Yobuchwepheshe (i-TCF): Umongo Wesitifiketi
Imibhalo yobuchwepheshe isebenza njengobufakazi obuyinhloko obubonisa ukuhambisana komkhiqizo nezindinganiso ze-EU. Kumele igcinwe okungenani iminyaka eyi-10 ukuze ihlolwe, njengoba iziphathimandla zomthetho ze-EU zingase zenze ukuhlola okuqondile nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Imibhalo yobuchwepheshe yamakhabethe eziphuzo anomnyango owodwa kumele ifake okulandelayo:
Incazelo yomkhiqizo enemininingwane: Ifaka igama lomkhiqizo, imodeli, imisebenzi, ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe, indawo yokusebenza (isb., amazinga okushisa afanele kanye nomswakama), futhi ihlukanisa ngokucacile ukuhlukahluka kwemodeli ngaphakathi kochungechunge lomkhiqizo (uma kusebenza);
Imidwebo Yokuklama Nesakhiwo: Mboza imidwebo yesakhiwo semishini, izikimu zikagesi, ukwakheka kwephaneli yokulawula, amashadi okugeleza kwesistimu yokuqandisa, njll. Imidwebo kumele isebenzise izimpawu ezijwayelekile zaseYurophu, ichaze ngokucacile ubukhulu, izinombolo zezingxenye, kanye nobudlelwano bokuxhumana. Uma imidwebo yabelwana ngayo kumamodeli amaningi, lokhu kumele kuchazwe ngokucacile;
Uhlu Lwezinto Ezisetshenziswayo (BOM): Bhala zonke izingxenye zomkhiqizo ngegama, imodeli, imininingwane, kanye nolwazi lomhlinzeki. Ikakhulukazi ngezingxenye zikagesi ezibalulekile (isb., ama-circuit breakers, ama-contactor, ama-motor, ama-compressor) kanye nezingxenye zokuqandisa, faka izinombolo zesitifiketi sokuthobela imithetho ezihambisanayo;
Umbiko Wokuhlola Ingozi: Khomba izingozi ezingaba khona ngesikhathi sokuklama nokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo (isb., ukushaqeka kukagesi, umlilo, ukubanjwa komshini, ukuvuza kwefriji) ngokusekelwe ku-EN ISO 12100, okuchaza izindlela zokulawula izingozi ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nemiphumela yokuqinisekisa;
Imibhalo Yenqubo Yokukhiqiza: Faka izincazelo zokugeleza kokukhiqiza, amaphuzu okulawula inqubo abalulekile, kanye nezindinganiso zokulawula ikhwalithi ukuze kuboniswe imikhuba yokukhiqiza ejwayelekile.
3. Imibiko Yokuhlolwa Komkhiqizo: Ubufakazi Obuqinile Bokuthobela Imithetho
Imibiko yokuhlola kumele ikhishwe yilabhorethri eziqashelwa yi-EU (isb., i-TÜV, i-SGS) noma iMibutho Eyaziswayo, izinto zokuhlola zihambisana ngqo neziqondiso ezisebenzayo kanye nezindinganiso ezivumelanisiwe. Amakhabethe eziphuzo anomnyango owodwa kumele aqedele ukuhlolwa okulandelayo okuyinhloko futhi ahlinzeke ngemibiko:
Umbiko Wokuhlola Ukuphepha Kwe-LVD Low Voltage: Ngokusekelwe ku-EN 60335-1 (Ukuphepha Okujwayelekile Kwezinto Zasekhaya) kanye ne-EN 60335-2-24 (Izidingo Ezithile Zezinto Eziqandisiwe). Izinto zokuhlola zifaka ukuhlolwa kwe-voltage yokumelana nokushisa (1500V/1 minute ngaphandle kokuphuka), ukuhlolwa kwamanje okuvuzayo (≤0.75mA), kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqhubeka kokumisa umhlabathi ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kukagesi;
Umbiko Wokuhlola Ukuhambisana Kwe-EMC Electromagnetic: Ngokusekelwe ku-EN 55014-1 (Ukukhishwa Okuqhutshwayo) kanye ne-EN 61000-3-2 (Umsinga We-Harmonic), kumele kuhlangatshezwane nemikhawulo efana nemisebe ≤30dBμV/m kubhendi ye-30MHz–1GHz kanye nokuguquguquka kwamandla okuqala/okumisa kwe-compressor ≤10%, okuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic neminye imishini;
Umbiko Wokuhlola Ukusebenza Kahle Kwamandla e-ERP: Ngokwe-EN 62552, kumele kufinyelelwe isilinganiso sokusebenza kahle kwamandla esingu-A+ noma ngaphezulu. Imithethonqubo emisha ka-2025 idinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okulindile ≤1.0W;
Isitifiketi Sokuthobela Imithetho Yegesi ye-F: Uma umkhiqizo usebenzisa iziqandisi ezine-fluorine, nikeza ubufakazi bokuthi inani le-GWP yesiqandisi liyi
Izitifiketi Zokuthobela Izingxenye Eziyinhloko: Amakhophi emibhalo yesitifiketi se-CE yezingxenye ezibalulekile njenge-compressors, ama-motor, nama-circuit breakers, okuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zingxenye ziyahambisana nezindinganiso ze-EU.
4. Isimemezelo Sokuhambisana (i-DoC): Ukuzibophezela Kwenkampani Ekuhambisaneni Nemithetho
Isimemezelo Sokuvumelana siyidokhumenti esemthethweni esayinwe ngumkhiqizi noma uMmeleli Ogunyaziwe we-EU, esebenza njengesitatimende sokugcina esiqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezimfuneko zesiqondiso se-EU. Kumelwe sibe nezinto ezilandelayo eziyinhloko:
Igama lomkhiqizi, ikheli, kanye nemininingwane yoMmeleli Ogunyaziwe we-EU (yezinkampani ezingezona eze-EU);
Igama lomkhiqizo, imodeli, kanye nenombolo yochungechunge (uma ikhona);
Uhlu lweziqondiso ze-EU ezisebenzayo (isb., i-LVD, i-EMC, i-ERP) kanye nezinombolo ezijwayelekile ezihambisanayo;
Igama lomsayini, isikhundla, kanye nosuku lokusayina, okunamathiselwe uphawu olusemthethweni lwenkampani.
II. Izinto Zokusekela Ezengeziwe: Lungiselela Ngokuvumelana Nezimo Ngokusekelwe Ezicini Zomkhiqizo
Ngale kwezinto eziyinhloko, izimo ezithile ezikhethekile zingadinga amadokhumenti engeziwe ukuvimbela ukubambezeleka kwesitifiketi ngenxa yezinto ezingekho:
Incwadi Yomsebenzisi Yomkhiqizo: Kumelwe ibe nolimi olusemthethweni lwe-EU okungenani olulodwa (isib. isiNgisi, isiJalimane, isiFulentshi), oluhlanganisa iziqondiso zokufaka, izinqubo zokusebenza, izindlela zokulungisa, kanye nezixwayiso zokuphepha (isib., “Izingane akumelwe zikhuphuke,” “Gwema Ukukhanya Kwelanga Okuqondile”), kanye nemiyalelo yokulahla imfucuza. Incwadi kumele ikhombise ikheli loMmeleli Ogunyaziwe we-EU;
Amasampula Elebula Lomkhiqizo Nezokupakisha: Amalebula kumele abonise ngokucacile igama lomkhiqizo, imodeli, ulwazi lomkhiqizi, uphawu lwe-CE (usayizi ≥5mm, olucacile noluhlala isikhathi eside), ilebula lokulinganisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, njll. Imidwebo yomklamo wokupakisha kumele ifake izimpawu zokuxwayisa zokuphepha kanye nezinyathelo zokuvikela ukuthunyelwa;
Imibhalo Yesistimu Yokuphatha Ikhwalithi: Njengesitifiketi se-ISO 9001, imibiko yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yangaphakathi, njll. Okuphoqelekile emikhiqizweni enobungozi obukhulu noma lapho ukhetha isitifiketi seModule D/E;
Isitatimende Sokuhlukahluka Komkhiqizo Ochungechungeni: Uma uqinisekisa ukuhlukahluka kwamamodeli amaningi, chaza ngokucacile umehluko wesakhiwo, izingxenye, kanye nokusebenza ukuze uvimbele ukungasebenzi kahle kwesitifiketi ngenxa yokuhlukahluka okungaxazululwanga.
III. Umhlahlandlela Wokugwema Izingibe Ka-2025: Amaphutha Okungafanele Uwenze
Abathumeli abaningi bangaphandle bahluleka ukuthola isitifiketi hhayi ngenxa yezinto ezingaphelele, kodwa ngenxa yemininingwane engahambisani nemithetho. Ngokusekelwe emithethweni yakamuva, nansi izingozi ezintathu ezivame kakhulu:
Ulimi lwedokhumenti olungahambisani nemithetho: Imibhalo yobuchwepheshe noma izincwadi ezingabhalwanga ngolimi olusemthethweni lwe-EU, noma izinguqulo ezinganembile. Lesi yisona sizathu esivame kakhulu sokwenqatshwa. Sincoma ukuthi izinto zibuyekezwe yi-ejensi yokuhumusha yobungcweti;
Imibiko yokuhlola engavumelekile: Imibiko ekhishwe amalabhorethri angafaneleki, noma izinto zokuhlola ezihluleka ukumboza zonke iziqondiso ezifanele. Sicebisa ukuqinisekisa kusengaphambili ukuthi ilabhorethri inesiqiniseko se-CNAS noma isimo se-EU Notified Body;
Ukugcinwa kwamafayela obuchwepheshe okungahambisani nomthetho: Ukwehluleka ukugcina amadokhumenti iminyaka eyi-10 edingekayo, noma ukungafani phakathi kokuqukethwe okubhalwe phansi kanye nemininingwane yangempela yomkhiqizo. Iziphathimandla zomthetho ze-EU zingase zithole izinkinga ezinjalo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuqondile, okungase kuholele ekubuyiselweni komkhiqizo kanye nezinhlawulo.
IV. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa: Ukuxazulula Izinkathazo Zakho
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe amakhabethe eziphuzo anomnyango owodwa angavunyelwa isitifiketi se-CE ngokuzivuma?
A: Yebo. Amakhabethe eziphuzo anomnyango owodwa awela ngaphansi kwemishini yasekhaya enobungozi obuphansi futhi angasebenzisa imodeli yokuzimemezela (iModule A). Akukho ukubandakanyeka kwe-Notified Body okudingekayo; izinkampani zingase zenze ukuhlolwa futhi zikhiphe izimemezelo ngokuzimela. Kodwa-ke, ngemiklamo yemikhiqizo eyinkimbinkimbi noma izidingo ezithile zamakhasimende, isitifiketi nge-Notified Body singakhethwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwethembeka.
Q2: Iyini isikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi se-CE?
A: Akukho sikhathi esinqunyiwe sokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, uma ukwakheka komkhiqizo noma izinqubo zokukhiqiza zishintsha, noma uma iziqondiso noma amazinga e-EU afanele ebuyekezwa, ukuthobela imithetho kumele kuhlolwe kabusha. Imibhalo yesitifiketi kanye nezimemezelo kufanele zibuyekezwe njengoba kudingeka.
Q3: Inqubo yokuqinisekisa ithatha isikhathi esingakanani ngemva kokulungiswa kwezinto zokwakha?
A: Ngaphansi kwezimo ezibushelelezi, imodeli yokuzimemezela ithatha cishe amasonto ayi-12. Uma iNhlangano Eyaziswayo ihilelekile ekuhlolweni nasekubuyekezweni, umjikelezo ungaba amasonto angama-36, kuye ngobunzima bomkhiqizo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwelebhu.
Ngamafuphi, ingqikithi yezinto zokuqinisekisa i-CE zamakhabethe eziphuzo anomnyango owodwa “ukuphelela, ukunemba, kanye nokuhambisana.” Ngokugxila eziqondisweni ezintathu ezibalulekile—i-LVD, i-EMC, kanye ne-ERP—nokuhlanganisa yonke imibhalo ebalulekile efana namafayela obuchwepheshe, imibiko yokuhlola, kanye nezimemezelo zokuhambisana ngokohlu lokuhlola, ngenkathi unaka imininingwane ukuze ugweme izingibe, isitifiketi singatholakala ngempumelelo. Uma usenemibuzo mayelana nezidingo ezithile zokulungiselela izinto, kungcono ukubonisana nenhlangano yobuchwepheshe yokuqinisekisa kusengaphambili ukuze ugweme ukuchitha isikhathi nezinsiza ngenxa yokungalungi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-04-2026 Ukubukwa: