Ebhizinisini lomhlaba wonke elichumayo njengamanje, ibhizinisi lokuthumela kwamanye amazwe amafriji amakhulu livame kakhulu. Kumabhizinisi amaningi abandakanyeka ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe amafriji kanye namakhasimende anezidingo zokuthenga ezifanele, ukuqonda isikhathi esidingekayo sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe amaningi kubaluleke kakhulu. Lesi sikhathi asigcini nje ngokuthinta ukuhlela uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka kodwa futhi sihlobene eduze nezici ezifana nokulawulwa kwezindleko zebhizinisi kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende. Okulandelayo, sizohlaziya ngokujulile izici ezibalulekile ezithinta isikhathi sokuthuthwa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe amafriji amakhulu bese sethula ngokuningiliziwe isikhathi esilinganiselwe esidingekayo sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe amakhulu.
I. Izici Eziyinhloko Ezithinta Isikhathi Sokuthutha Ukuthunyelwa Kweziqandisi Ezinkulu
1. Umehluko ezindleleni zokuhamba
（1）Ukuthunyelwa kolwandle:
Inezinzuzo ezibalulekile zomthamo omkhulu wempahla kanye nezindleko eziphansi, kodwa ijubane layo lokuhamba lihamba kancane. Ngokuvamile, ekuthuthweni kwamakhonteyina okuvamile, kusukela ngesikhathi izimpahla zilayishwa emkhunjini echwebeni lokuhamba kuze kube yilapho zithululwa echwebeni lokuya kulo, le nqubo ingathatha izinsuku ezingu-15 - 45, kuye ngezici ezahlukahlukene njengebanga eliphakathi kwechweba lokuhamba nechweba lokuya kulo, ukuxakeka komzila wokuthumela, nokuthi ngabe ukuthunyelwa kuyadingeka yini phakathi nendawo. Isibonelo, uma ukuthunyelwa kusuka eShayina kuya ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-United States, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, isikhathi sokuhamba cishe singaba yizinsuku ezingu-15 - 25; uma ukuthunyelwa kuya ogwini olusempumalanga ye-United States, ngenxa yebanga elide kanye nesidingo esingaba khona sokudlula ePanama Canal, isikhathi sokuhamba sizonwetshwa sibe yizinsuku ezingu-25 - 35.
(2) Ukuthutha ngendiza
Isici sayo esikhulu isivinini. Ngokuvamile isekela ukuthuthwa kweziqandisi ezincane, kodwa empeleni akunakwenzeka kwezinkulu. Inqubo kusukela ngesikhathi izimpahla zilethwa endizeni kuze kube yilapho zithululwa esikhumulweni sezindiza lapho uya khona ithatha izinsuku ezingu-1 - 7 kuphela. Lokhu kuyisinqumo esifanele kumakhasimende adinga izimpahla ngokushesha noma ama-oda athile akhethekile anezidingo zesikhathi esiphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuthunyelwa ngendiza kuyabiza kakhulu, futhi eziqandisini ezinkulu, ezinkulu ngobuningi futhi zisindayo, izindiza zingase zibe nemikhawulo ethile maqondana nokuhlelwa kwesikhala sekhabhini. Isibonelo, ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-3 - 5 ukuhambisa ngendiza iziqandisi ezinkulu zisuka eShayina ziye eYurophu, kodwa uma kuyisizini ephezulu yokuthutha ngendiza noma kunezimo ezikhethekile ekusebenzeni kwezindiza, isikhathi sokuthutha singase sibambezeleke.
(3) Ukuhamba ngomgwaqo
Phakathi kwamazwe angomakhelwane noma kwezinye izifunda ezinenethiwekhi ephelele yezokuthutha zomhlaba, ezokuthutha emhlabeni nazo ziyindlela yokuthumela izimpahla ezinkulu kwamanye amazwe. Kumafriji amakhulu, kudingeka ezokuthutha emhlabeni ngamaloli. Isikhathi sokuthutha emhlabeni siyahlukahluka ngokuya ngebanga kanye nezimo zomgwaqo, ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-1 - 10. Isibonelo, uma kuthunyelwa amafriji amakhulu kusuka eShayina kuya kwamanye amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ngomgwaqo noma ngesitimela, uma umzila wokuthutha ubushelelezi, kungathatha izinsuku ezi-3 - 5 kuphela ukufika. Kodwa-ke, uma kunezinqubo ezinzima zokususa imingcele, ukwakhiwa komgwaqo, njll., isikhathi sokuthutha singandiswa kakhulu.
2. Ukusebenza kahle kokukhishwa kwempahla yamasiko ezweni oya kulo
Amazwe athuthukile: Emazweni athuthukile njenge-United States, i-United Kingdom, neJalimane, inqubo yokukhishwa kwempahla isezingeni elifanele futhi isebenza kahle. Ngokuvamile, ngaphansi kwesimo semibhalo ephelele kanye nezimemezelo ezifanele, isikhathi sokukhishwa kwempahla yasolwandle - izimpahla zokuthutha sivame ukuba yizinsuku zokusebenza ezi-2 - 5, kanti esemoyeni - izimpahla zokuthutha singu-1 - 3 zokusebenza. Uma sithatha i-United States njengesibonelo, sempahla yasolwandle - izimpahla zokuthutha, ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku zokusebenza ezi-2 - 5 kusukela ekulethweni kwemibhalo ephelele ukuze ikhululwe; sempahla yasolwandle - izimpahla zokuthutha, ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku zokusebenza ezi-1 - 3 ukuqedela ukukhishwa kwempahla yasolwandle. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona amaphutha noma ukungaqondakali kolwazi lokumenyezelwa kwempahla, noma uma izimpahla zihlolwa ngokungahleliwe yi-custom futhi kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, isikhathi sokukhishwa kwempahla yasolwandle sizokwandiswa ngokufanayo, mhlawumbe sifinyelele ezinsukwini eziyi-7 - 10 noma ngaphezulu.
Amazwe Asathuthuka: Ngenxa yezizathu ezifana nezinhlelo zamasiko ezingaphelele kanye nengqalasizinda ebuthaka emazweni asathuthuka, ukusebenza kahle kokususwa kwempahla kungaba phansi. Isikhathi sokususwa kwempahla singathatha izinsuku ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-10, futhi kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, singadlula izinsuku eziyi-10. Isibonelo, kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika, izinqubo zamasiko ziyaxaka, ukubuyekezwa kwemibhalo kuqinile, futhi kungaba nezinkinga ezifana nokunganele kwabasebenzi, okuholela ekuhlaleni isikhathi eside kwezimpahla emasikweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubomgomo zamasiko zamanye amazwe asathuthuka zingase zingazinzi futhi zingalungiswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, okuphinde kulethe ukungaqiniseki emsebenzini wokususwa kwempahla futhi kwandise isikhathi sokuthutha.
4. Umthelela wezikhathi ezikhethekile kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo
Amaholide:Phakathi namaholide athile abalulekile, ukusebenza kahle kokuthuthwa kwezinto zokuthutha kanye nokususwa kwempahla ezweni lapho usuka khona kanye nezwe oya kulo kuzothinteka. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi samaholide aseNtshonalanga njengoKhisimusi noNyaka Omusha, kanye noMkhosi WaseNtwasahlobo eShayina, phakathi nalezi zikhathi, abasebenzi bamabhizinisi ezokuthutha bathatha amaholide, kanti amahora okusebenza empahla yokuthutha nawo ayalungiswa ngokufanele, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukuthutha kanye nokususwa kwempahla yokuthutha. Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuhlela ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe amasonto ama-2 kuya kwama-3 ngaphambi kokufika kwala maholide ukuze kugwenywe ukubambezeleka okukhulu esikhathini sokuthuthwa.
Ukulungiswa kwezinqubomgomo zokuhweba:Izinguquko ezinqubweni zokuhweba zamazwe ahlukahlukene zinomthelela oqondile esikhathini sokuthuthwa kokuthunyelwa kweziqandisi ezinkulu. Lapho izwe eliya kulo lethula izinqubomgomo ezintsha zokuhweba, njengokwandisa amanani entela noma ukwengeza imikhawulo yokungenisa, amabhizinisi adinga isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nokulungisa amadokhumenti nezinqubo zokumemezela, okungaholela ekwandisweni kwesikhathi sokukhishwa kwentela. Isibonelo, uma izwe ngokuzumayo lisebenzisa izidingo ezintsha zesitifiketi samandla - ukusebenza kahle kweziqandisi ezingenisiwe, ibhizinisi elithumela kwamanye amazwe lidinga ukulungisa izinto ezifanele zokuqinisekisa futhi, futhi amasiko nawo kudingeka abuyekeze lezi zinto, okuzokwandisa ngokungangabazeki izindleko zesikhathi sokukhishwa kwentela.
Izici ze-Force majeure:Ukuvela kwezici ezibangela amandla amakhulu njengezinhlekelele zemvelo, izimpi, kanye nezehlakalo zezempilo zomphakathi kuzophazamisa kakhulu ukuthuthwa kwempahla emhlabeni jikelele. Isibonelo, isiphepho esingazelelwe singabangela ukuvalwa kwechweba izinsuku eziningana, okwenza kube nzima ukulayisha nokukhulula izimpahla ngesikhathi; izingxabano zesifunda zingathinta ukuphepha komzila wokuthutha, ziphoqe amabhizinisi okuthutha ukuba ashintshe umzila wokuthutha, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe isikhathi sokuthutha.
II. Isikhathi Esilinganiselwe Esidingekayo Sokuthumela Imishini Yokuqandisa Emikhulu (Amafriji, Amafriji) Emazweni Amakhulu
1. Thumela e-United States
Ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi:Uma usuka emachwebeni amakhulu aseShayina uya emachwebeni ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-United States, njengeLos Angeles neLong Beach, ngaphansi kwesimo senqubo yokuhamba ebushelelezi futhi ngaphandle kokucabangela isikhathi sokukhishwa kwempahla yamasiko, isikhathi sokuthutha olwandle cishe siyizinsuku eziyi-15 - 20. Uma ungeza isikhathi esijwayelekile sokukhishwa kwempahla yamasiko sezinsuku zokusebenza ezi-2 - 5 e-United States, isikhathi sokuthutha sonke cishe siyizinsuku eziyi-18 - 25. Uma uthumela emachwebeni ogwini olusempumalanga ye-United States, njengeNew York neNew Jersey, ngenxa yebanga elide lokuthutha kanye nesidingo esingaba khona sokudlula ngePanama Canal, isikhathi sokuthutha olwandle ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingama-25 - 35. Uma ungeza isikhathi sokukhishwa kwempahla yamasiko, isikhathi sokuthutha sonke cishe siyizinsuku ezingama-28 - 40.
Ukuthutha ngendiza:Kusukela ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu zaseShayina kuya ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu e-United States, njengeJohn F. Kennedy Airport eNew York kanye neLos Angeles International Airport, isikhathi sokundiza ngokuvamile singamahora ayi-12 - 15. Uma ungeza isikhathi sokusebenza kwezimpahla kuzo zombili iziphetho zesikhumulo sezindiza kanye nesikhathi sokukhishwa kwezimpahla (izinsuku zokusebenza ezi-1 - 3), isikhathi sokuhamba sisonke singaba yizinsuku ezi-3 - 5. Kodwa-ke, uma kuyisizini ephezulu yokuthuthwa ngendiza futhi isikhala sekhabhini sincane, izimpahla kungadingeka zilinde ukulayisha, futhi isikhathi sokuhamba singandiswa sibe yizinsuku ezi-5 - 7.
2. Thumela e-United Kingdom
Ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi:Ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla kusuka emachwebeni aseShayina kuya emachwebeni aseBrithani, njengeSouthampton neFelixstowe, isikhathi sokuhamba olwandle ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingama-25 - 35. Ukusebenza kahle kokuvunyelwa kwamasiko kwamasiko ase-UK kuphakeme kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwesimo semibhalo ephelele kanye nezimemezelo ezifanele, isikhathi sokuvunyelwa kwamasiko ngokuvamile siyizinsuku zokusebenza ezi-2 - 4. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokuhamba sonke sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kusuka eShayina kuya e-UK ngolwandle cishe siyizinsuku ezingama-28 - 40. Abanye abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zokuthutha abangochwepheshe, njengeFengge International Logistics, banikeza izinsizakalo ze-UK sea - freight LCL zokuthumela imishini emikhulu kanye nezinye izimpahla, ngezinsizakalo zokususwa kabili, intela - kufaka phakathi, kanye nezinsizakalo zomnyango - kuya emnyango, kanti isikhathi sokulethwa siyizinsuku ezingama-20 - 25. Bafinyeza isikhathi sokuhamba ngezinga elithile ngokwenza ngcono umzila wokuthutha kanye nokubambisana eduze nezinkampani zokuthumela.
Ukuthutha ngendiza:Kusukela eShayina kuya ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu e-UK, njengeLondon Heathrow Airport, isikhathi sokundiza cishe singamahora ayi-10 - 12. Uma ungeza isikhathi sokusebenza kwesikhumulo sezindiza kanye nesikhathi sokukhishwa kwezimpahla (izinsuku zokusebenza ezi-1 - 3), isikhathi sokuhamba sisonke cishe singamahora ama-3 - 5. Njengoba kunjalo ngempahla yasolwandle, imithwalo yezindiza ingase ibhekane nesikhala esincane sekhabhini kanye nesikhathi eside sokuhamba ngesikhathi sesizini ephezulu.
3. Thumela eCanada
Ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi:Ngokuphathelene nemithwalo yolwandle esuka eShayina iya eCanada, uma kuthunyelwa emachwebeni asentshonalanga - asogwini njengeVancouver, isikhathi sokuhamba olwandle - ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingama-20 - 30. Inqubo yokususwa kwempahla yamasiko yaseCanada ijwayelekile, kanti isikhathi esijwayelekile sokususwa kwempahla yamasiko siyizinsuku zokusebenza ezi-2 - 5. Ngakho-ke isikhathi sokuhamba sisonke singaba yizinsuku ezingama-23 - 35. Uma kuthunyelwa emadolobheni asempumalanga - asogwini njengeToronto neMontreal, ngenxa yebanga lokuthutha elandayo kanye nokudluliselwa okungenzeka, isikhathi sokuhamba olwandle sizonwetshwa sibe yizinsuku ezingama-30 - 40. Uma kungezwa isikhathi sokususwa kwempahla yamasiko, isikhathi sokuhamba sisonke singaba yizinsuku ezingama-33 - 45. Eminye imigqa ekhethekile yezokuthutha, njengomzila wempahla yasekhaya - wemishini yolwandle eya eCanada, ingaletha iziqandisi nezinye izinto zasekhaya eVancouver ezinsukwini ezingama-30, futhi kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-35 - 45 emadolobheni afana neToronto neMontreal. Baphinde banikeze izinsizakalo zokususwa kwempahla zamasiko zaseCanada ezihlanganisa i-CBSA kabili - amasiko - kanye nentela - okubandakanya intela - umnyango - oya emnyango, ohlanganisa amadolobha amakhulu njengeCalgary ne-Ottawa.
Ukuthutha ngendiza:Kusukela eShayina kuya ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu eCanada, njengeToronto Pearson International Airport kanye neVancouver International Airport, isikhathi sokundiza singamahora ayi-12 - 15. Uma ungeza isikhathi sokusebenza kwesikhumulo sezindiza kanye nesikhathi sokukhishwa kwentela (izinsuku zokusebenza ezi-1 - 3), isikhathi sokuhamba sisonke singamahora angaba ngu-3 - 5. Kodwa umthelela wesizini ephezulu yezokuthutha usadinga ukuqashelwa.
4. Thumela e-Australia
Ukuthunyelwa kolwandle: Ukuthunyelwa kusuka emachwebeni aseShayina kuya emachwebeni amakhulu ase-Australia, njengeSydney neMelbourne, isikhathi sokuhamba olwandle ngokuvamile siyizinsuku eziyi-15 - 25. Amasiko ase-Australia anezidingo zokuhlola eziqinile kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezimpahla ezingenisiwe, kanti isikhathi sokuvunyelwa kwamasiko ngokuvamile siyizinsuku zokusebenza ezi-3 - 7. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokuhamba sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-Australia ngolwandle cishe siyizinsuku eziyi-18 - 32. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthutha, izimpahla kudingeka zihlangabezane nezindinganiso zomkhiqizo ezifanele kanye nezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo zase-Australia; ngaphandle kwalokho, zingase zibhekane nezithiyo zokususwa kwamasiko, okwandise isikhathi sokuhamba.
Ukuthutha ngendiza: Kusukela ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu zaseShayina kuya ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu e-Australia, isikhathi sokundiza cishe singamahora angu-8 kuya kwangu-10. Uma ungeza isikhathi sokusebenza kwesikhumulo sezindiza kanye nesikhathi sokukhishwa kwezimpahla (izinsuku zokusebenza ezi-1 kuya kwezi-3), isikhathi sokuhamba sisonke cishe singamahora angu-3 kuya kwangu-5. Njengoba kunjalo nakwamanye amazwe, yize ukuthutha ngendiza kuhambisana nesikhathi, izindleko nazo ziphakeme, futhi amabhizinisi kudingeka enze izinqumo ngokwezidingo zawo.
5. Thumela kwamanye amazwe nezifunda
（1）Thumela kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu:
Uma sithatha iJalimane njengesibonelo, ngempahla yolwandle esuka eShayina iya emachwebeni aseJalimane, njengeHamburg neBremen, isikhathi sokuhamba olwandle ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingama-25 - 35, kanti isikhathi sokukhishwa kwempahla yamasiko siyizinsuku zokusebenza ezi-2 - 5. Isikhathi sokuhamba sisonke singaba yizinsuku ezingama-28 - 40. Uma sithuthwa ngesitimela, sisuka kwezinye iziteshi zokuqala zezitimela zokuthutha zaseShayina - Europe eShayina siya eJalimane, isikhathi sokuhamba singaba yizinsuku eziyi-12 - 18. Kodwa-ke, amandla okuhamba ngesitimela alinganiselwe, futhi uhlelo lokuhamba lungathinteka yizici ezifana nokugcinwa kwemigqa kanye nokuhlela. Isikhathi sokuhamba ngendiza siya eJalimane sifana nesamanye amazwe aseYurophu, cishe izinsuku ezi-3 - 5.
（2）Thumela kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia:
Uma kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eJapan, ngempahla yolwandle esuka emachwebeni aseShayina iye emachwebeni amakhulu aseJapan, njengeTokyo ne-Osaka, isikhathi sokuhamba olwandle ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-7, kanti isikhathi sokuhamba ngenkani siyizinsuku zokusebenza ezi-1 kuya kwezi-3. Isikhathi sokuhamba sisonke siyizinsuku ezi-4 kuya kweziyi-10. Isimo sokuthumela kwamanye amazwe eNingizimu Korea siyafana. Isikhathi sokuhamba olwandle sivame ukuba yizinsuku ezi-2 kuya kwezi-5, kanti isikhathi sokuhamba ngenkani siyizinsuku zokusebenza ezi-1 kuya kwezi-3. Isikhathi sokuhamba sisonke siyizinsuku ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-8. Lawa mazwe amabili asondelene kakhulu neShayina, ngakho-ke isikhathi sokuhamba sifushane kakhulu, futhi uhlelo lokuthutha seluvuthiwe, lunesikhathi sokuhamba esiphezulu. Uma kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia njengeNdiya, isikhathi sokuhamba kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia singaba yizinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-20, futhi ngenxa yobunzima benqubo yamasiko yaseNdiya, isikhathi sokuhamba ngenkani singathatha izinsuku ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-10. Isikhathi sokuhamba sisonke siyizinsuku ezi-13 kuya kweziyi-30.
（3）Ukuthumela kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika:
Ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu ezimweni zengqalasizinda kanye nezokuthutha phakathi kwamazwe ase-Afrika, isikhathi sokuthutha siyahlukahluka kakhulu. Uma sithatha iNingizimu Afrika njengesibonelo, ngempahla yolwandle esuka eShayina iya emachwebeni amakhulu aseNingizimu Afrika, njengeTheku neKapa, isikhathi sokuthutha olwandle ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingama-30 - 45, kanti isikhathi sokukhishwa kwempahla yamasiko singathatha izinsuku ezi-5 - 10 noma ngaphezulu. Isikhathi sokuthutha sisonke singaba yizinsuku ezingama-35 - 55. Kwamanye amazwe avaliwe, ngenxa yesidingo sokuthutha kwesibili ngomgwaqo noma ngesitimela, isikhathi sokuthutha sizoba side, futhi kunezici ezingaqinisekile ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthutha.
Isikhathi esidingekayo sokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ezinkulu emazweni ahlukene sithinteka ngokuphelele yizici ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izindlela zokuhamba, ukusebenza kahle kokukhishwa kwezimpahla zamasiko ezweni eliya kulo, kanye nezikhathi ezikhethekile kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo. Lapho behlela ibhizinisi lokuthumela impahla efrijini elikhulu, amabhizinisi kudingeka acabangele ngokugcwele lezi zici, akhethe ngendlela efanele indlela yokuhamba, futhi abambisane eduze nabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zezokuthutha abangochwepheshe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla zingafika endaweni eya kuyo ngesikhathi nangokuphepha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele banake kakhulu izinguquko ezinqubweni zokuhweba zamazwe ahlukahlukene kanye nokuguquguquka kwemakethe yezokuthutha yomhlaba wonke, futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela kusengaphambili ukunciphisa izingozi ezibangelwa ukwandiswa kwesikhathi sokuhamba. Kumakhasimende anezidingo eziphuthumayo, yize izimpahla zokuthutha emoyeni zibiza kakhulu, zingahlangabezana nezidingo zawo zesikhathi; kuyilapho kuma-oda amaningi avamile, izimpahla zokuthutha olwandle ziyindlela engcono yokulinganisela izindleko nesikhathi sokuhamba.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-08-2025 Ukubukwa: