Ekuhwebeni okuthuthukayo kwamanje kwembulunga yonke, ibhizinisi lokuthekelisa leziqandisi ezinkulu livamile. Ezinkampanini eziningi ezihweba ngamafriji kanye namakhasimende anezidingo ezifanele zokuthengwa kwempahla, ukuqonda isikhathi esidingekayo sokuthunyelwa kwezinga elikhulu emazweni ahlukene kubaluleke kakhulu. Lesi sikhathi asithinti kuphela ukuhlelwa kwe-supply chain kodwa futhi sihlobene eduze nezici ezifana nokulawulwa kwezindleko zebhizinisi nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende. Okulandelayo, sizocubungula ngokujulile izici ezibalulekile ezithinta isikhathi sokuthutha seziqandisi ezinkulu ezithunyelwa ngaphandle futhi sethule ngokuningiliziwe cishe isikhathi esidingekayo sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamanye amazwe amakhulu.
I. Izinto Ezibalulekile Ezithinta Isikhathi Sokuthutha Sokuthunyelelwa Kwesiqandisi Okukhulu
1.Umehluko wezindlela zokuhamba
(1) Ukuthunyelwa kwasolwandle:
Inezinzuzo ezibalulekile zevolumu enkulu yempahla kanye nezindleko eziphansi, kodwa isivinini sayo sokuthutha sihamba kancane. Ngokuvamile, ekuthunyelweni okujwayelekile kwamabhokisi, kusukela ngesikhathi izimpahla zilayishwa emkhunjini esikhumulweni semikhumbi kuze kube yilapho zethulwa khona ethekwini lapho kuyiwa khona, le nqubo ingathatha izinsuku eziyi-15 - 45, kuye ngezici ezihlukahlukene njengebanga eliphakathi kwechweba lokusuka nechweba lapho kuyiwa khona, ukuba matasa komzila wokuthutha kuyadingeka, kanye nokuthi ukuthutha kuyadingeka yini phakathi nohambo. Isibonelo, uma umkhumbi usuka e-China uya ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-United States, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, isikhathi sokuthutha singaba yizinsuku eziyi-15 - 25; uma kuthunyelwa ogwini olusempumalanga ye-United States, ngenxa yebanga elide kanye nesidingo esingenzeka sokuhamba ngePanama Canal, isikhathi sokuthutha sizonwetshwa sibe yizinsuku ezingu-25 - 35.
(2) Impahla yezindiza
Isici sayo esikhulu isivinini. Ngokuvamile isekela ukuthuthwa kweziqandisi ezincane, kodwa empeleni akwenzeki ezinkulu - ngezikali. Inqubo kusukela ngesikhathi izimpahla zilethwa endizeni yezindiza kuze kube yilapho zehliswa esikhumulweni sezindiza okuyiwa kuzo kuthatha kuphela izinsuku ezi-1 - 7. Lokhu ukukhetha okuhle kumakhasimende adinga ngokushesha izimpahla noma ama-oda athile akhethekile anezidingo zesikhathi esiphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuthutha emoyeni kubiza kakhulu, futhi eziqandisini ezinkulu, ezinkulu ngevolumu nesisindo esinzima, izindiza zezindiza zingase zibe nemingcele ethile mayelana nokuhlelwa kwendawo ye-cabin. Isibonelo, ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezi-3 - 5 ukuya emoyeni - ukuthutha iziqandisisi ezinkulu ukusuka e-China ukuya e-Europe, kodwa uma kuyisikhathi esiphezulu sezinto zokuhamba emoyeni noma kunezimo ezikhethekile ekusebenzeni kwesikhumulo sezindiza, isikhathi sokuthutha singase sibambezeleke.
(3) Ezokuthutha ezihamba phansi
Phakathi kwamazwe angomakhelwane noma kwezinye izifunda ezinomhlaba ophelele - inethiwekhi yezokuthutha, ukuthuthwa komhlaba nakho kuyinketho yokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ezinkulu. Kumafriji amakhulu - umthamo, ukuthuthwa komhlaba wamaloli kuyadingeka. Isikhathi sokuthutha sokuhamba komhlaba siyahlukahluka kuye ngebanga nezimo zomgwaqo, ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezi-1 - 10. Isibonelo, uma uthutha iziqandisi zesilinganiso esikhulu ukusuka e-China ukuya kwamanye amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ngomgwaqo noma ngololiwe, uma umzila wezokuthutha ubushelelezi, kungathatha izinsuku ezi-3 - 5 kuphela ukufika. Kodwa-ke, uma kunezinqubo ezinzima zokususa imingcele, ukwakhiwa komgwaqo, njll., isikhathi sokuthutha singase selulwe kakhulu.
2.I-Customs clearance ukusebenza kahle kwezwe okuyiwa kulo
Amazwe Athuthukile: Emazweni athuthukile njenge-United States, i-United Kingdom, neJalimane, inqubo yokugunyazwa kwezimpahla ezithengiswayo isezingeni futhi iyasebenza. Ngokuvamile, ngaphansi kwesimo semibhalo egcwele kanye nezimemezelo ezifanele, isikhathi sokugunyazwa kwempahla olwandle - impahla yezimpahla ngokuvamile siyizinsuku zokusebenza ezi-2 - 5, kanti ezokuthutha ngendiza yizinsuku ezi-1 - 3 zokusebenza. Uma sithatha i-United States njengesibonelo, ezimpahleni zasolwandle - ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku zokusebenza ezingu-2 - 5 kusukela ekuthunyelweni kwamadokhumenti aphelele ukuze akhululwe; ngezimpahla zomoya - impahla, ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezi-1 - 3 zokusebenza ukuqedela imvume yentela. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona amaphutha noma ukungaqondakali olwazini lokumenyezelwa kwezimpahla, noma uma izimpahla zihlolwa ngokungahleliwe ngamasiko futhi kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, isikhathi sokugunyazwa kwentela sizonwetshwa ngokuhambisanayo, mhlawumbe sifinyelele izinsuku eziyi-7 - 10 noma ngaphezulu.
Amazwe asathuthuka: Ngenxa yezizathu ezifana nezinhlelo zezimpahla ezingenasici kanye nengqalasizinda ebuthakathaka emazweni asathuthuka, ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha intela kungase kube phansi. Isikhathi sokugunyazwa kwempahla yendabuko singathatha izinsuku ezi-3 - 10, futhi kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, singase sidlule izinsuku eziyi-10. Isibonelo, kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika, izinqubo ze-custom zinzima, ukubuyekezwa kwemibhalo kuqinile, futhi kungase kube nezinkinga ezifana nokuntuleka kwabasebenzi, okuholela ekuhlaleni isikhathi eside kwempahla emasikweni. Ukwengeza, izinqubomgomo zeCustoms zamanye amazwe asathuthuka zingase zingazinzi futhi zingahle zilungiswe noma nini, okuphinde kulethe ukungaqiniseki emsebenzini wokukhishwa kwezimpahla ezingenayo kanye nokwandisa isikhathi sokuthutha.
4.Umthelela wezikhathi ezikhethekile nezimo eziphuthumayo
Amaholide:Ngamaholide athile abalulekile, ukusebenza kahle kwakho kokubili kokuthuthwa kwempahla kanye nokukhishwa kwempahla ezweni lokusuka nakwelo okuya kulo kuzothinteka. Isibonelo, ngamaholidi aseNtshonalanga afana noKhisimusi noNyaka Omusha, kanye noMkhosi Wasentwasahlobo e-China, ngalezi zikhathi, abasebenzi bezinkampani ze-logistics bathatha amaholide, futhi amahora okusebenza amasiko nawo ayalungiswa ngokufanele, okuholela ekwehleni kokuhamba nokuvunyelwa kwezimpahla. Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuhlela ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla emavikini angu-2 - 3 ngaphambi kokuphakama kwalawa maholide ukuze kugwenywe ukubambezeleka okukhulu kwesikhathi sokuthutha.
Ukulungiswa kwezinqubomgomo zohwebo:Izinguquko kuzinqubomgomo zohwebo zamazwe ahlukahlukene zinomthelela oqondile esikhathini sokuhamba kokuthunyelwa kwefriji ngezinga elikhulu. Lapho izwe okuyiwa kulo lethula izinqubomgomo ezintsha zohwebo, ezifana nokwenyusa amanani entengo noma ukwengeza imikhawulo yokungenisa, amabhizinisi adinga isikhathi sokujwayela nokulungisa imibhalo yesimemezelo nezinqubo, okungase kuholele ekwandiseni isikhathi sokuvunyelwa kwempahla ephumayo. Isibonelo, uma izwe lisebenzisa amandla amasha - izidingo zesitifiketi esisebenza kahle eziqandisini ezingenisiwe, ibhizinisi elithumelayo lidinga ukulungisa izitifiketi ezifanele futhi, futhi amasiko nawo adinga ukubuyekeza lezi zinto, okuzokhuphula ngokungangabazeki izindleko zesikhathi sokuvunyelwa kwentela.
I-Force majeure factor:Ukwenzeka kwezinto ezinkulu ezifana nezinhlekelele zemvelo, izimpi, kanye nezigameko zezempilo zomphakathi kuzophazamisa kakhulu ezokuthutha zomhlaba wonke. Isibonelo, isiphepho esingazelelwe singabangela ukuvalwa kwechweba izinsuku ezimbalwa, okwenza kube nzima ukulayisha nokukhipha izimpahla ngesikhathi; izingxabano zesifunda zingase zithinte ukuphepha komzila wezokuthutha, ukuphoqa amabhizinisi we-logistics ukuthi ashintshe umzila wokuthutha, ngaleyo ndlela andise isikhathi sokuthutha.
II. Isikhathi Esilinganiselwe Esidingekayo Ukuze Kuthekeliswe Izisetshenziswa Zesiqandisi Ezinkulu - Izikali (Iziqandisi, Iziqandisi) Ziya Emazweni Amakhulu
1.Thumela e-United States
Ukuthunyelwa kwasolwandle:Uma usuka emachwebeni amakhulu aseShayina uya emachwebeni ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-United States, njenge-Los Angeles ne-Long Beach, ngaphansi kwesimo senqubo yezokuthutha eshelelayo futhi ngaphandle kokucabangela isikhathi sokuvunyelwa kwamasiko, isikhathi sokuhamba solwandle - cishe izinsuku ezingu-15 - 20. Ukwengeza isikhathi esivamile sokuvunyelwa kwempahla yendabuko sezinsuku ezingu-2 - 5 zokusebenza e-United States, isikhathi sonke sokuthutha cishe yizinsuku eziyi-18 - 25. Uma kuthunyelwa emachwebeni ogwini olusempumalanga ye-United States, njenge-New York ne-New Jersey, ngenxa yebanga elide lokuhamba kanye nesidingo esingaba khona sokudlula ePanama Canal, ulwandle - isikhathi sokuthutha ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingama-25 - 35. Ukwengeza isikhathi sokuvunyelwa kwempahla, ubude besikhathi sokuhamba buba yizinsuku ezingama-28 - 40.
Izimpahla zomoya:Kusukela ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu zaseShayina kuya ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu e-United States, njenge-John F. Kennedy Airport eNew York kanye ne-Los Angeles International Airport, isikhathi sendiza ngokuvamile singamahora angu-12 - 15. Ukwengeza isikhathi sokusebenza kwezimpahla kuzo zombili iziphetho zesikhumulo sezindiza kanye nesikhathi sokuvunyelwa kwempahla (izinsuku ezi-1 - 3 zokusebenza), isikhathi sokuhamba sisonke cishe yizinsuku ezi-3 - 5. Kodwa-ke, uma kuyisikhathi esiphezulu sokuhamba emoyeni futhi isikhala sekhabhini siqinile, izimpahla zingase zidinge ukuthi zikleliswe ukuze zilayishwe, futhi isikhathi sokuhamba singanwetshwa sibe yizinsuku ezi-5 - 7.
2.Thumela e-United Kingdom
Ukuthunyelwa kwasolwandle:Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kusuka emachwebeni aseShayina kuya emachwebeni aseBrithani, njengeSouthampton ne-Felixstowe, ulwandle - isikhathi sokuthutha ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingu-25 - 35. Ukusebenza kahle kokugunyazwa kwamasiko kwamasiko ase-UK kuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngaphansi kombandela wamadokhumenti aphelele kanye nezimemezelo ezifanele, isikhathi sokugunyazwa kwentela ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingu-2 - 4 zokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esiphelele sokuthutha sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kusuka e-China kuya e-UK ngolwandle cishe yizinsuku ezingama-28 - 40. Abanye abahlinzeki besevisi yezokuthutha abangochwepheshe, njenge-Fengge International Logistics, banikela ngezinsizakalo zolwandle zase-UK - zezimpahla ze-LCL zokuhambisa izinto zokusebenza ezinkulu nezinye izimpahla, ezinemvume ephindwe kabili, yentela - ehlanganisiwe, kanye nezinsizakalo zomnyango ukuya - emnyango, futhi isikhathi sokulethwa izinsuku ezingama-20 - 25. Banciphisa isikhathi sokuhamba ngezinga elithile ngokuthuthukisa umzila wezokuthutha nokusebenzisana eduze nezinkampani zemikhumbi.
Izimpahla zomoya:Ukusuka e-China kuya ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu e-UK, njenge-London Heathrow Airport, isikhathi sendiza cishe amahora ayi-10 - 12. Ukwengeza ukusebenza kwesikhumulo sezindiza nesikhathi sokuvunyelwa kwempahla (izinsuku ezingu-1 - 3 zokusebenza), isikhathi sokuhamba sisonke cishe yizinsuku ezi-3 - 5. Ngokufanayo nempahla yasolwandle, ukuthutha emoyeni kungase kube nesikhala sekhabethe elimpintshayo kanye nesikhathi sokuhamba esinwetshiwe phakathi nenkathi ephezulu.
3.Thumela eCanada
Ukuthunyelwa kwasolwandle:Ngempahla yasolwandle esuka eChina iye eCanada, uma ithunyelwa entshonalanga - emachwebeni asogwini njengeVancouver, isikhathi sokuthutha sasolwandle ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingama-20 - 30. Inqubo yokugunyazwa kwamasiko enkambiso yaseCanada isezingeni elilinganiselwe, futhi isikhathi esivamile sokugunyazwa kwamasiko izinsuku ezingu-2 - 5 zokusebenza. Ngakho-ke isikhathi sokuhamba sisonke cishe yizinsuku ezingama-23 - 35. Uma umkhumbi uya empumalanga - emadolobheni asogwini anjengeToronto neMontreal, ngenxa yokwenyuka kwebanga lokuhamba kanye nokuthutha okungenzeka, isikhathi sokuhamba solwandle sizonwetshwa sibe yizinsuku ezingama-30 - 40. Ukwengeza isikhathi sokuvunyelwa kwempahla, ubude besikhathi sokuhamba buba yizinsuku ezingama-33 - 45. Eminye imigqa ekhethekile yezokuthutha, efana neyasekhaya - into yolwandle - ulayini wezimpahla oya eCanada, ungaletha amafriji nezinye izinto zasendlini eVancouver ngezinsuku ezingama-30, futhi kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-35 - 45 emadolobheni anjengeToronto neMontreal. Baphinde banikeze i-CBSA kabili - amasiko - imvume kanye nentela - izinsiza ezibandakanya umnyango - ukuya - umnyango, ezihlanganisa amadolobha amakhulu njengeCalgary ne-Ottawa.
Izimpahla zomoya:Ukusuka e-China kuya ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu e-Canada, njenge-Toronto Pearson International Airport kanye ne-Vancouver International Airport, isikhathi sendiza cishe amahora ayi-12 - 15. Ukwengeza ukusebenza kwesikhumulo sezindiza nesikhathi sokuvunyelwa kwempahla (izinsuku ezingu-1 - 3 zokusebenza), isikhathi sokuhamba sisonke cishe yizinsuku ezi-3 - 5. Kodwa umthelela wenkathi ephezulu yezokuthutha usadinga ukuqashelwa.
4.Thumela e-Australia
Umkhumbi wasolwandle: Ukuthutha kusuka emachwebeni aseShayina kuya emachwebeni amakhulu ase-Australia, njengeSydney naseMelbourne, ulwandle - isikhathi sokuthutha ngokuvamile siyizinsuku eziyi-15 - 25. Amasiko ase-Australia anezidingo eziqinile zokuhlolwa kanye nokuvalelwa yedwa kwempahla engenisiwe, futhi isikhathi sokuvunyelwa kwempahla yentela ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezi-3 - 7 zokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esiphelele sokuthutha sokuthunyelwa e-Australia ngolwandle cishe yizinsuku eziyi-18 - 32. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthutha, izimpahla zidinga ukuhlangabezana namazinga omkhiqizo afanelekile kanye nezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo yase-Australia; ngaphandle kwalokho, bangase babhekane nezithiyo zokukhishwa kwempahla, bandise isikhathi sokuhamba.
Ukuthutha ngendiza: Kusukela ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu zaseShayina kuya ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu e-Australia, isikhathi sendiza cishe amahora angama-8 - 10. Ukwengeza ukusebenza kwesikhumulo sezindiza nesikhathi sokuvunyelwa kwempahla (izinsuku ezingu-1 - 3 zokusebenza), isikhathi sokuhamba sisonke cishe yizinsuku ezi-3 - 5. Ngokufanayo nakwamanye amazwe, nakuba ukuthutha ngezindiza kunesikhathi esiphezulu, izindleko nazo ziphakeme, futhi amabhizinisi kudingeka azenzele izinqumo ngokuvumelana nezidingo zawo.
5.Thumela kwamanye amazwe nezifunda
(1) Thekelisa kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu:
Uma sithatha iJalimane njengesibonelo, ngempahla yasolwandle esuka eShayina iye emachwebeni aseJalimane, njengeHamburg neBremen, isikhathi sokuthutha sasolwandle ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingama-25 - 35, futhi isikhathi sokuvunyelwa kwempahla edayiswayo siyizinsuku ezi-2 - 5 zokusebenza. Isikhathi esiphelele sokuthutha cishe yizinsuku ezingama-28 - 40. Uma zithuthwa ngojantshi, zisuka kwezinye iziteshi zokuqala zaseChina - izitimela zezimpahla zaseYurophu eChina ziya eJalimane, isikhathi sokuhamba sicishe sibe yizinsuku eziyi-12 - 18. Kodwa-ke, umthamo wezokuthutha wesitimela ulinganiselwe, futhi uhlelo lwezokuthutha lungase luthintwa izici ezifana nokulungiswa komzila nokuhlela. Isikhathi somoya - sezimpahla eziya eJalimane sifana nesakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, cishe izinsuku ezi-3 - 5.
(2) Thekelisa kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia:
Lapho kuthunyelwa e-Japan, ukuze kuthuthwe impahla olwandle kusuka emachwebeni aseShayina kuya emachwebeni amakhulu ase-Japan, njenge-Tokyo ne-Osaka, isikhathi sokuthutha sasolwandle ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezi-3 - 7, futhi isikhathi sokuvunyelwa kwempahla yentela yizinsuku zokusebenza ezingu-1 - 3. Isikhathi esiphelele sokuthutha cishe yizinsuku ezi-4 - 10. Isimo sokuthumela eSouth Korea siyefana. Ulwandle - isikhathi sokuthutha ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingu-2 - 5, futhi isikhathi sokukhishwa kwentela yizinsuku ezingu-1 - 3 zokusebenza. Isikhathi esiphelele sokuthutha cishe yizinsuku ezi-3 - 8. Lawa mazwe womabili asondelene neChina, ngakho-ke isikhathi sokuhamba sifushane, futhi uhlelo lwezokuthutha luvuthiwe, lunesikhathi sokuhamba kwesikhathi esiphezulu. Lapho uthumela kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia njengeNdiya, isikhathi solwandle - ukuhamba kungase kube yizinsuku ezingaba yi-10 - 20, futhi ngenxa yobunzima benqubo yamasiko aseNdiya, isikhathi sokuvunyelwa kwamasiko kungathatha izinsuku ezingu-3 - 10. Isikhathi esiphelele sokuthutha cishe yizinsuku eziyi-13 - 30.
(3) Thekelisa emazweni ase-Afrika:
Ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu wengqalasizinda kanye nezimo zezokuthutha phakathi kwamazwe ase-Afrika, isikhathi sokuthutha siyahluka kakhulu. Uma sithatha iNingizimu Afrika njengesibonelo, ekuthuthweni olwandle ukusuka eShayina kuya emachwebeni amakhulu aseNingizimu Afrika, njengaseThekwini naseKapa, isikhathi sokuthutha sasolwandle ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingama-30 - 45, futhi isikhathi sokukhishwa kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle singathatha izinsuku ezi-5 - 10 noma ngaphezulu. Isikhathi sokuhamba sisonke cishe yizinsuku ezingama-35 - 55. Kwamanye amazwe - amazwe akhiyiwe, ngenxa yesidingo sokuhamba kwesibili ngomgwaqo noma ngololiwe, isikhathi sokuthutha sizoba side, futhi kunezici eziningi ezingaqinisekile phakathi nenqubo yokuthutha.
Isikhathi esidingekayo sokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ezinkulu eziya emazweni ahlukene sithinteka kakhulu izici ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izindlela zokuthutha, ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha intela yezwe okuyiwa kulo, nezikhathi ezikhethekile nezimo eziphuthumayo. Lapho uhlela ibhizinisi lokuthekelisa iziqandisi ngezinga elikhulu, amabhizinisi kudingeka acabangele ngokugcwele lezi zici, akhethe ngokunengqondo indlela yokuthutha, futhi abambisane eduze nabahlinzeki benkonzo yezokuthutha abachwepheshile ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi izimpahla zingafika lapho ziya khona ngesikhathi futhi ngokuphepha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele banake kakhulu izinguquko zezinqubomgomo zohwebo zamazwe ahlukahlukene kanye nokuguquguquka kwemakethe yezimpahla zomhlaba wonke, futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela kusengaphambili ukuze banciphise izingozi ezilethwa ukwandiswa kwesikhathi sokuthutha. Kumakhasimende anezidingo eziphuthumayo, nakuba ukuthutha emoyeni kubiza, kungahlangabezana nezidingo zabo zokufika ngesikhathi; kuyilapho kuma-oda amaningi avamile, ukuthutha olwandle kuyisinqumo esingcono sokulinganisela izindleko kanye nesikhathi sokuhamba.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-08-2025 Ukubukwa: