“Mphathi, le modeli yokupholisa engu-300W izokwanela!” “Hamba nele-500W—iphola ngokushesha ehlobo!” Uma uthenga amakhabethe okubonisa iziphuzo, ingabe uhlala udideka “ngolimi lobuchwepheshe” lwabathengisi? Khetha okuncane kakhulu, futhi iziphuzo ngeke ziphole kahle ehlobo, okuxosha amakhasimende. Khetha okukhulu kakhulu, futhi ibhili lakho likagesi liyakhuphuka—ukuchitha imali nje.
Namuhla sizochaza indlela yokubala umthamo wokupholisa ikhabhinethi yokubonisa iziphuzo. Asikho isidingo sokuqonda izimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi—vele ulandele indlela kanye nezibonelo isinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Ngisho nabaqalayo bangafanelana nezidingo zabo ngokunembile.
I. Okokuqala Qonda: Kungani Kufanele Ubale Amandla Okupholisa Ngokunembile?
Umthamo wokupholisa umelela “amandla okupholisa” ekhabhinethi yokubonisa, ngokuvamile alinganiswa ngama-watts (W) noma ama-kilocalories ngehora (kcal/h), lapho i-1 kcal/h ≈ 1.163 W. Ukubala okunembile kufeza izinjongo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- Gwema "ukusebenzisa ngokweqile": Isibonelo, ehlobo lapho iminyango yesitolo ivulwa njalo, amandla okupholisa anganele avimbela ikhabhinethi ukuthi ifinyelele ku-3-8°C (izinga lokushisa elifanele lokugcina iziphuzo). Iziphuzo ezine-carbon zilahlekelwa yi-fizz yazo, amajusi awonakala kalula, futhi ugcina ulahlekelwe yimali.
- Vimbela "ukusebenzisa ngokweqile": Isitolo esingu-20㎡ sithenga ngokungadingekile ikhabethe lokubonisa elingu-500W elinomthamo ophezulu sichitha ama-kWh angu-2-3 engeziwe nsuku zonke, okwengeza amakhulu ezindlekweni zikagesi zonyaka—akudingeki nhlobo.
Okubalulekile: Umthamo wokupholisa ophezulu awuhlali ungcono—kumayelana “nokufanelana kwesidingo.” Gxila ezinguqukweni ezintathu eziyinhloko: ivolumu yekhabhinethi yokubonisa, indawo yokusebenza, kanye nemvamisa yokuvula iminyango.
II. Ifomula Eyinhloko: Izinyathelo ezi-3 Zokubala Amandla Okupholisa Aqondile (Ngisho Nabaqalayo Bangawaqonda)
Akunasidingo sokukhumbula ngekhanda izimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-thermodynamics—khumbula nje le fomula esebenzayo: Amandla Okupholisa (W) = Umthamo Wekhabhinethi Yokubonisa (L) × Ubuningi Besiphuzo (kg/L) × Amandla Okushisa Aqondile (kJ/kg·℃) × Umehluko Wezinga Lokushisa (℃) ÷ Isikhathi Sokupholisa (h) ÷ 1000 × Isici Sokulungisa
Ake sihlukanise ipharamitha ngayinye isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, sisebenzisa “ikhabethe lokubonisa lesitolo elilula elingu-1000L” njengesibonelo:
1. Amapharamitha Alungisiwe (Sebenzisa ngqo, azikho izinguquko ezidingekayo)
| Igama Lepharamitha | Ibanga Lenani | Incazelo (Imigomo kaLayman) |
|---|---|---|
| Ubuningi besiphuzo (kg/L) | 0.9–1.0 | Iziphuzo ezisemabhodleleni (i-cola, amanzi amaminerali) ngokuvamile ziwela kuleli banga; sebenzisa inani eliphakathi elingu-0.95 |
| Amandla Okushisa Aqondile (kJ/kg·℃) | 3.8-4.2 | Kalula nje, lokhu kumelela “ukushisa okudingekayo ukuze kukhushulwe/kuncishiswe izinga lokushisa lesiphuzo.” Eziphuzweni ezisemabhodleleni, i-4.0 yinani elinembile kakhulu. |
| Isikhathi sokupholisa (h) | 2-4 | Isikhathi sokupholisa kusukela ekushiseni kwegumbi kuya ku-3-8°C: amahora ama-2 ezitolo ezithengisa izinto ezisebenziseka kalula (ukuvulwa kweminyango njalo kudinga ukupholisa ngokushesha), amahora ama-3-4 ezitolo ezinkulu |
2. Amapharamitha Aguquguqukayo (Gcwalisa ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho sangempela)
- Umthamo Wekhabhinethi Yokubonisa (L): Lona 'umthamo' obhalwe ngumkhiqizi, isib. 1000L, 600L. Mane nje ukopishe inani elishiwo.
- Umehluko Wezinga Lokushisa (°C): Izinga Lokushisa Eliphakathi - Izinga Lokushisa Eliqondiwe. Ake sithi izinga lokushisa legumbi lasehlobo lingu-35°C (isimo esibi kakhulu), izinga lokushisa eliqondiwe lingu-5°C (ukunambitheka kwesiphuzo okuhle kakhulu), ngakho-ke umehluko wezinga lokushisa = 35 - 5 = 30°C.
3. Faka ifomula esikhundleni sokubala (usebenzisa ikhabethe lokubonisa lesitolo elingu-1000L njengesibonelo)
Umthamo wefriji (W) = 1000L × 0.95kg/L × 4.0kJ/kg·℃ × 30℃ ÷ 2h ÷ 1000 × 1.2 (isici sokulungisa) Ukubala isinyathelo ngesinyathelo: ① 1000 × 0.95 = 950kg (Isisindo sesiphuzo esiphelele ngaphakathi kwekhabethe) ② 950 × 4.0 × 30 = 114,000 kJ (Ukushisa okuphelele kuyadingeka ukupholisa zonke iziphuzo) ③ 114,000 ÷ 2 = 57,000 kJ/h (Umthamo wefriji uyadingeka ngehora) ④ 57,000 ÷ 1000 = 570 W (Umthamo wokupholisa oyisisekelo) ⑤ 570 × 1.2 = 684W (Umthamo wokugcina wokupholisa; isici sokulungisa sichazwe kamuva)
Isiphetho: Kule khabhinethi yokubonisa yesitolo engu-1000L elula, ihlobo lidinga cishe amandla okupholisa angu-700W. I-600W ayanele kancane, kuyilapho i-800W iphakeme kancane kodwa ithembeke kakhulu.
III. Isengezo Esiyisihluthulelo: Ungasithola Kanjani Isici Sokulungisa?
I-“1.2” engenhla ayifakiwe ngokungahleliwe; ilungiswa ngokusekelwe ezimweni zokusetshenziswa kwangempela. Izimo ezahlukene zihambisana nama-coefficient ahlukene. Khetha ngokuqondile ngokusekelwe kokulandelayo:
- Isici sokulungisa 1.0-1.1: Amakhabethe okubonisa ezitolo ezinkulu (imvamisa yokuvula iminyango ephansi ≤izikhathi ezingu-20 ngosuku), izindawo zangaphakathi ezine-air conditioner (izinga lokushisa elizungezile ≤28°C), amamodeli okupholisa ngqo (ukuvikela okuhle).
- Isici sokulungisa 1.2–1.3: Izitolo ezilula/izitolo ezincane (ukuvulwa kweminyango njalo ≥izikhathi ezingu-50 ngosuku), izindawo ezingenawo umoya opholile (izinga lokushisa elizungezile ≥32°C), amamodeli apholile emoyeni (avame ukulahlekelwa umoya obandayo).
- Isici sokulungisa 1.4–1.5: Izindawo ezishisa kakhulu (izinga lokushisa lasehlobo ≥38°C), amatafula avulekile (ilanga eliqondile), amakhabethe okubonisa eduze kwemithombo yokushisa (isb., eduze kwama-oven noma ama-heater).
IV. Ithebula Lokuqhathanisa Ukukhetha Imodeli Yezimo Ezihlukene
| Isimo Sokusetshenziswa | Ivolumu Yekhabhinethi Yokubonisa (L) | Amandla Okupholisa Anconyiwe (W) | Amanothi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isitolo esiseduze (akukho moya opholile) | 300-500 | 300-450 | Imvamisa yokuvula emaphakathi; amamodeli apholiswe ngomoya anikeza ukuthula kwengqondo okukhulu |
| Izitolo ezithengisa izinto ezilula (ithrafikhi ephezulu) | 600-1000 | 600-750 | Beka phambili amamodeli anemodi yokonga amandla ukuze unciphise izindleko zikagesi |
| Isigaba seziphuzo ezitolo ezinkulu (esinomoya opholile) | 1000-2000 | 700-1200 | Amamodeli aneminyango eminingi avumela ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa lendawo ethile ukuze kube nokusebenza kahle kwamandla okukhulu |
| Izindawo Zokuhlala Ngaphandle (Izindawo Ezinokushisa Okuphezulu) | 200-400 | 350-500 | Khetha amamodeli anezithunzi zelanga ukuze unciphise ukuchayeka elangeni ngqo |
V. Izexwayiso Ze-Pitfall: Amaqhinga Avamile Ama-2 Asetshenziswa Abathengisi
- Ukufaka ohlwini kuphela “Amandla Okufaka” ngaphandle kokuthi “Amandla Okupholisa”: Amandla okufaka abonisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kwekhabhinethi yokubonisa, hhayi umphumela wayo wokupholisa! Isibonelo, ngamandla okufaka afanayo angu-500W, umkhiqizo wekhwalithi ungase ufinyelele umthamo wokupholisa ongu-450W, kanti umkhiqizo ongaphansi ungafinyelela ku-350W kuphela. Cela njalo umthengisi ukuthi ahlinzeke “ngoMbiko Wokuhlola Amandla Okupholisa.”
- Izibalo zamandla okupholisa akhuphukayo: Isibonelo, iyunithi enekhono langempela lokupholisa elingu-600W ingase ibhalwe ngokuthi “inamandla okupholisa aphezulu angu-800W.” Amanani aphezulu amelela ukufundwa okusheshayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu futhi awatholakali ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile. Uma ukhetha, gxila kuphela “kumandla okupholisa alinganisiwe.”
Khumbula Izimiso Ezi-3 Eziyinhloko
1. Umthamo omkhulu usho umthamo wokupholisa ophezulu: Ukwanda ngakunye kwamandla angu-100L kunezela cishe amandla okupholisa angu-50-80W. 2. Izindawo ezishisayo kakhulu kanye nokuvulwa kweminyango okuvamile kudinga umthamo owengeziwe: Engeza okungenani i-buffer engu-10% emphumeleni obalwe. 3. Beka phambili ukusebenza kahle kwamandla eBanga 1: Ngomthamo ofanayo wokupholisa, ukusebenza kahle kweBanga 1 konga i-1-2 kWh nsuku zonke uma kuqhathaniswa neBanga 5, okubuyisa umehluko wentengo yokuthenga zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha.
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