Isimiso sokuqandisa sesiqandisi sisekelwe kumjikelezo we-Carnot ophambene, lapho i-refrigerant iyindawo eyinhloko, futhi ukushisa esiqandisini kuthuthwa kuye ngaphandle ngenqubo yokushintsha kwesigaba se-vaporization endothermic - condensation exothermic.
Amapharamitha ayisihluthulelo:
①Indawo yokubilisa:Inquma izinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka (uma izinga lokubila liphansi, izinga lokushisa lokubanda liphansi).
②Ingcindezi yokuncibilikisa:Uma ingcindezi iphakeme, umthwalo we-compressor uba mkhulu (okuthinta ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nomsindo).
③Ukuqhuba kwe-thermal:Uma ukufudumala kuphakeme, isivinini sokupholisa sishesha kakhulu.
Kumelwe wazi izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zokusebenza kahle kokupholisa efrijini:
1.R600a (i-isobutane, i-hydrocarbon refrigerant)
(1)Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo: I-GWP (Ikhono Lokufudumala Komhlaba) ≈ 0, I-ODP (Ikhono Lokubhujiswa Kwe-Ozone) = 0, ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo ye-European Union F – Gas.
(2)Ukusebenza kahle kwesiqandisi: iphuzu lokubila – 11.7 °C, efanelekile ezidingweni zegumbi lesiqandisi sasekhaya (-18 °C), umthamo wesiqandisi uphakeme cishe ngo-30% kune-R134a, ukufuduka kwe-compressor kuncane, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphansi.
(3)Incazelo yecala: Isiqandisi esingu-190L sisebenzisa i-R600a, ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwansuku zonke okungu-0.39 degrees (izinga 1 lokusebenzisa kahle amandla).
2.R134a (tetrafluoroethane)
(1)Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo: GWP = 1300, ODP = 0, i-European Union izovimbela ukusetshenziswa kwemishini emisha kusukela ngo-2020.
(2)Ukusebenza kahle kwesiqandisi: iphuzu lokubila – 26.5 °C, ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kungcono kune-R600a, kodwa amandla okupholisa eyunithi aphansi, adinga i-compressor enkulu yokufuduka.
(3) Umfutho we-condenser uphakeme ngo-50% kunoka-R600a, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-compressor kuyanda.
3.R32 (i-difluoromethane)
(1)Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo: GWP = 675, okuyi-1/2 ye-R134a, kodwa iyavutha (ukuvimbela ingozi yokuvuza).
(2)Ukusebenza kahle kwesiqandisi: iphuzu lokubila – 51.7 °C, lifanele ama-air conditioner ashintshayo, kodwa ingcindezi yokufutha esiqandisini iphakeme kakhulu (iphindwe kabili kune-R600a), okungaholela kalula ekugcwaleni ngokweqile kwe-compressor.
4.R290 (i-propane, i-hydrocarbon refrigerant)
(1)Ubungane bemvelo: I-GWP ≈ 0, i-ODP = 0, ukukhetha kokuqala "kwe-refrigerant yesikhathi esizayo" e-European Union.
(2)Ukusebenza kahle kwesiqandisi: iphuzu lokubila – 42 °C, umthamo wokupholisa weyunithi uphakeme ngo-40% kune-R600a, ofanele amafriji amakhulu ebhizinisi.
Ukunakwa:Iziqandisi zasekhaya zidinga ukuvalwa ngokuqinile ngenxa yokusha (iphuzu lokushisa elingu-470 °C) (izindleko zikhuphuka ngo-15%).
I-refrigerant iwuthinta kanjani umsindo wesiqandisi?
Umsindo wesiqandisi uvela kakhulu ekudlidlizeni kwe-compressor kanye nomsindo wokugeleza kwesiqandisi. Izici zesiqandisi zithinta umsindo ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
(1) Ukusebenza komfutho ophezulu (umfutho wokujiya 2.5MPa), i-compressor idinga ukusebenza kwemvamisa ephezulu, umsindo ungafinyelela ku-42dB (isiqandisi esivamile esingaba ngu-38dB), ukusebenza komfutho ophansi (umfutho wokujiya 0.8MPa), umthwalo we-compressor uphansi, umsindo uphansi njengo-36dB.
(2) I-R134a ine-viscosity ephezulu (0.25mPa · s), futhi ithambekele ekucindezelweni komsindo (okufana nomsindo "wokuhayiza") lapho igeleza ngepayipi le-capillary. I-R600a ine-viscosity ephansi (0.11mPa · s), ukugeleza okubushelelezi, kanye nomsindo oncishisiwe cishe nge-2dB.
Qaphela: Isiqandisi se-R290 sidinga ukwengeza umklamo ongavumeli ukuqhuma (njengongqimba lwe-foam olujiyile), kodwa singabangela ukuthi ibhokisi lizwakale futhi umsindo ukhuphuke ngo-1 - 2dB.
Ungakhetha kanjani uhlobo lwesiqandisi sefriji?
I-R600a inomsindo ophansi wokusetshenziswa ekhaya, izindleko zingu-5% wentengo iyonke yesiqandisi, i-R290 inokuvikelwa okuphezulu kwemvelo, ihlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-European Union, intengo ibiza kakhulu ngo-20% kune-R600a, i-R134a iyahambisana, ifanele iziqandisi ezindala, i-R32 ayivuthiwe, khetha ngokucophelela!
I-refrigerant “igazi” lesiqandisi, futhi uhlobo lwayo luthinta ngqo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, umsindo, ukuphepha kanye nokuphila kwesevisi. Kubathengi abavamile, i-R600a iyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sokusebenza okuphelele kwamanje, futhi i-R290 ingacatshangelwa ukuphishekela ukuvikelwa kwemvelo okukhulu. Uma uthenga, ungaqinisekisa uhlobo lwe-refrigerant ngelogo yegama ngemuva kwesiqandisi (njenge-“Refrigerant: R600a”) ukuze ugweme ukudukiswa yimibono yokumaketha efana “nokuguqulwa kwemvamisa” kanye “nokungabi naqhwa”.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-26-2025 Ukubukwa: