Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, iziqandisi ziye zaba yizinto eziyinhloko emakethe, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqandisweni kokudla. Ngokusheshisa kokukhula kwedolobha, izinguquko ezindaweni zokuhlala, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemibono yokusebenzisa,amafriji amancane, amafriji amancane aqondile, futhiamafriji eminyango yengilaziziye zasetshenziswa kabanzi ezimweni ezahlukene futhi sezibe izinhlobo ezintathu zokukhathazeka okukhulu emakethe yezohwebo yomhlaba wonke.
Amafriji amancane: Impumelelo enkulu ezindaweni ezincane
Lawa madivayisi okuqandisa amancane ngokuvamile anomthamo ongaphansi kwamalitha ayi-100 futhi athatha ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela yendawo yamamodeli endabuko, kodwa angahlangabezana ngokunembile nezidingo zokuqandisa zezimo ezithile. Idatha yemakethe ikhombisa ukuthi usayizi wemakethe yomhlaba wonke wemishini yokuqandisa ephathekayo ufinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.39 ngo-2024 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ukhule ube yi-yuan eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.87 ngo-2031, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiwe esingu-3.8%, okubonisa isidingo esiqhubekayo sabathengi sezixazululo zokuqandisa eziguquguqukayo.
Ngokuphathelene nezimo zokusetshenziswa, ezindaweni zokulala zaseyunivesithi nasezindaweni zamahhovisi, zinikeza izixazululo zokugcina izinto kubafundi kanye nezisebenzi zasehhovisi, zigwema inkinga yokuya nokubuya ezindaweni zomphakathi. Kwabathandi bekamu kanye nezisebenzi zangaphandle, amamodeli ahambisana nezinsiza zikagesi zezimoto ze-12V aseyimishini ebalulekile, engagcina ukudla kusha ezindaweni ezingenawo ugesi omkhulu.
Ngokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, la madivayisi afinyelele impumelelo esebenzayo. Ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuqandisa ze-thermoelectric ezisebenza kahle noma izinhlelo zokuqandisa zokucindezela, isivinini sokupholisa samafriji amancane sishesha ngaphezu kuka-40% kunesamamodeli endabuko, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuncishiswa ngo-25%. Yiqiniso, lokhu akuhlukaniseki nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe yabahlinzeki abaphezulu ezingxenyeni eziyinhloko njenge-micro compressors nezinto zokushisa ezishisayo. Ukulawula kwabo izinqubo zokukhiqiza ngokunemba kunquma ngqo umkhawulo ophezulu wokusebenza komkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezilula (amanye amamodeli anesisindo esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu ayi-10) kanye nemiklamo yezibambo eziphathwayo kuthuthukisa kakhulu izinzuzo zazo zokuhamba.
Amafriji aqondile athambile: Ukukhetha okuhlakaniphile kokuthuthukisa isikhala
Ngokuthuthuka kanye nezinguquko zomnotho wasemadolobheni, kunezinto eziningi kakhulu ezitolo ezinkulu, ezitolo ezinkulu, njll., futhi ukuhlelwa kwesikhala okunengqondo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kunesidingo esikhulu semishini yokuqandisa encane, futhi amafriji amancane amile avele njengoba isikhathi sidinga. Ngokuvamile anobubanzi obungamasentimitha angu-20-24 (cishe amasentimitha angu-50-60) kanye nokujula kwamasentimitha angu-24-28 (cishe amasentimitha angu-60-70), kodwa umthamo ungafinyelela ama-cubic feet angu-10-15 (cishe amalitha angu-280-425), okulinganisa ngokuphelele ukuphikisana phakathi kokuhlala endaweni kanye nomthamo wokugcina. Uma kuqhathaniswa nobubanzi bamasentimitha angu-30-36 wamamodeli ajwayelekile, isikhala esigciniwe sanele ukudala izindawo zomsebenzi ezibalulekile.
Ngokuphathelene nokwenza ngcono imininingwane, ukwakheka komnyango omncane kuvumela ukufinyelela okuphelele ezintweni zangaphakathi uma kuvulwa ama-degree angu-90 kuphela, okuxazulula inkinga yokuthi iminyango yesiqandisi yendabuko kunzima ukuyivula ngokuphelele ezindaweni ezincane. Amashalofu engilazi aguquguqukayo angalungiswa kalula ngokuya ngokuphakama kwezinto, futhi ngama-partitions aklanywe ngokukhethekile njengama-reck eziphuzo namabhokisi okugcina izinto zintsha, ukusetshenziswa kahle kwesikhala esilinganiselwe kuyatholakala.
Ngokusho kocwaningo lwemakethe, ukusetshenziswa emakethe yaseShayina kukhulu kakhulu. Usayizi wemakethe wemishini yokuqandisa ufinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidigidi eziyi-146 ngo-2025, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-13.5%, phakathi kwawo amamodeli amancane nalawo onge amandla abalwa nesabelo esibalulekile. Imikhiqizo efana ne-Nenwell nayo yethule amafriji “amancane kakhulu” aseceleni, acindezelwe abe ngu-30 cm kuphela ubukhulu futhi angafakwa kalula ezindaweni ezincane ukuze ahlangabezane nokuphishekela kwabathengi ubuhle obuhlanganisiwe. Lawa mafriji awagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa usayizi kodwa futhi ahlanganisa imisebenzi ethuthukisiwe njengokulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile, ukugcinwa komswakama, kanye nokulondolozwa kobusha. Amanye amamodeli anezela nezindawo ezizimele ezishintsha izinga lokushisa, ezingalungisa kalula indawo yokugcina izinto ngokuya ngohlobo lwezithako.
Amafriji eminyango yengilazi: Ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele komsebenzi kanye nobuhle
Amafriji eminyango yengilazi ngokuvamile anezinga lokushisa elingu-2-8℃ futhi afika ngezinhlobo zeminyango eyodwa, emibili, emithathu, kanye neminyango eminingi. Lawa madivayisi abonakala ngeminyango yengilazi ekhanyayo noma ekhanyayo, ephula umbono ovaliwe wamamodeli endabuko, futhi avame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni zezitolo ezinkulu.
Amafriji anamuhla aqandisiwe asebenzisa ingilazi egobile enezingqimba ezintathu enobuchwepheshe be-Low-E coating, okunciphisa kakhulu ukujiya kanye nokulahlekelwa amandla ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa umphumela wombono. Lokhu kuphumelela kuzuza ekubambisaneni okujulile phakathi kwabahlinzeki bengilazi namaqembu obuchwepheshe befriji, okulinganisela ukuphikisana phakathi kokudluliselwa kokukhanya kanye nokufakwa kokushisa ngokusebenzisa ukulungiswa kwefomula yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa komklamo wesakhiwo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesembozo esivimbela inkungu kuqinisekisa ukuthi umnyango uhlala ucacile lapho izinga lokushisa lishintsha, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bazi indawo yokugcina izinto yangaphakathi ngaphandle kokuvula umnyango, okuyinto elula futhi esindisa amandla. Ukuhlelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwemichilo yokukhanya ye-LED yangaphakathi akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa umphumela wokukhanya kodwa futhi kudala isimo esifudumele sokubona, okwenza izithako ziveze ukuthungwa okusha okufana nalokho endaweni yokudla okusha esitolo esikhulu.
Ezindaweni zokuthenga eziphithizelayo, amamodeli amancane eminyango yengilazi avame ukusetshenziswa njengamakhabethe eziphuzo ukukhombisa amawayini neziphuzo eziqoqiwe. Isibonelo, ama-cafe nezitolo ezithengisa izinto ezisebenzisekayo ayazisebenzisa ukukhombisa ama-dessert nokudla okulula, okunemiphumela yokubanda kanye nokubonisa. Amamodeli ahlakaniphile angaphinde afeze imisebenzi efana nokulungiswa kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokuphathwa kokudla ngephaneli yokuthinta emnyango wengilazi noma i-APP yeselula. Eminye imikhiqizo ihlanganisa nobuchwepheshe bokuqaphela ukudla, obungaqopha ngokuzenzakalelayo isikhathi sokugcina futhi bukhumbuze usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi.
Izitayela zesikhathi esizayo kubuchwepheshe bemishini yokuqandisa: Ubuhlakani, ukongiwa kwamandla, kanye nokubambisana kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamafriji kubonisa indlela yokuvela kwemboni yonke, futhi abahlinzeki badlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo. Ukuqina kochungechunge lokuphakelwa oluphezulu kuthinta ngqo ukunikezwa kwemakethe kanye nokulawulwa kwezindleko zemikhiqizo. Ikakhulukazi esimweni sokushintshashintsha kwamanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa, uhlelo lokubambisana olunamakhono okuthenga amakhulu kanye neziteshi zokuphakelwa ezahlukahlukene lunganciphisa ngempumelelo umthelela wokushintshashintsha kwemakethe emikhiqizweni yokugcina.
Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kokonga amandla sekuyinto evamile. Emakethe yemishini yokuqandisa yokonga amandla yaseShayina ngo-2025, izinga lokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwemvamisa lidlule u-70%, okungaphezu kuka-30% okusebenzisa amandla kahle kunemikhiqizo yendabuko yemvamisa eqinile. Le mpumelelo ayinakuhlukaniswa nokutshalwa kwezimali kwe-R&D kwabahlinzeki emikhakheni eyinhloko efana nama-compressor okuguqulwa kwemvamisa kanye nezingxenye zokusabalalisa ukushisa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ijubane lokuphindaphinda kwabo kobuchwepheshe linquma ngqo ijubane lokuthuthukiswa kokonga amandla kwemikhiqizo ephelele. Ukuthandwa kwama-refrigerant anobungani nemvelo (njengezinto zemvelo ezisebenzayo njenge-R600a) kanye nokusungulwa kwezinto zokushisa kuye kunciphisa kakhulu umthelela wemvelo wemishini enjalo, ngokuhambisana nomkhuba womhlaba wonke wokuthuthukiswa kwe-carbon ephansi. Kule nqubo, umqondo wokukhiqiza oluhlaza wabahlinzeki ubalulekile. Kusukela ekukhetheni izinto zokusetshenziswa kuya ekwenzeni ngcono izinqubo zokukhiqiza, ukulawulwa kokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwechungechunge lonke kube yisici esibalulekile kubanikazi bomkhiqizo ukukhetha abalingani.
Kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2030, ubukhulu bemakethe yamamodeli okonga amandla buzofinyelela kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-189, ngesilinganiso sokukhula saminyaka yonke esingu-6.8%, okubonisa umthelela omkhulu womqondo wentuthuko esimeme ekukhetheni ukusetshenziswa.
Imisebenzi ehlakaniphile ishintsha ulwazi lomsebenzisi. Esikhathini esizayo, izoba ama-node abalulekile ohlelweni lwe-smart home. Ngobuchwepheshe be-IoT, bangaxhumana nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokudla ukuze bakhiqize uhlu futhi bakhumbuze abasebenzisi ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi baphinde baqoqe ngokwendlela abadla ngayo. Ama-algorithms e-AI angafunda imikhuba yokudla yabasebenzisi, athuthukise amasu okuqandisa, futhi anikeze iziphakamiso zokupheka. Ukuqashelwa kwale misebenzi kuncike ekusungulweni ngokubambisana kwabahlinzeki be-chip, abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zesofthiwe, kanye nabakhiqizi behadiwe. Ukuzivumelanisa nobuchwepheshe kwazo zonke izixhumanisi ku-supply chain kuthinta ngqo umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi ehlakaniphile. Njengamanje, le misebenzi isiqalile ukusetshenziswa kumamodeli aphezulu futhi izongena kancane kancane emakethe evamile, ishintshe indlela abantu abaxhumana ngayo nokudla.
Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi isabelo semakethe yesiqandisi ezimakethe zaseYurophu naseMelika kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuphuke sisuka ku-15% ngo-2025 siye ku-25% ngo-2030. Imiklamo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso yezindlela zokuphila ezahlukene isibe yindlela ethandwayo: izinto ezintsha ezifana nezindawo zokugcina ezikhethekile zezithako ezinamaphrotheni amaningi ezenzelwe abantu abanempilo, imisebenzi yokubilisa inhlama elungiselelwe abathandi bokubhaka, kanye nezindawo zokugcina ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezizimele zemindeni yezilwane ezifuywayo zidinga abahlinzeki ukuthi banikeze izixazululo zezingxenye eziqondiwe kakhulu, njengezinzwa ezenziwe ngokwezifiso nezinto ezikhethekile zokugcina okusha. Le modeli yochungechunge lokuhlinzeka eyenziwe ngokwezifiso olufunwayo ivumela imishini enjalo ukuthi ihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile ngokunembe kakhudlwana.
Ukwanda kweziteshi eziku-inthanethi kuye kwashintsha amamodeli amasha okuhweba futhi kwabeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zesivinini sokuphendula kweketanga lokuhlinzeka. Ingxenye yokuthengiswa kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ku-inthanethi ifinyelele ku-45% futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ikhuphuke ifike ku-60% ngo-2030. Amandla okubambisana kwedijithali phakathi kwabaphakeli nabanikazi bomkhiqizo abaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwabelana ngedatha yokuthengisa kanye nolwazi lwempahla, ukukhiqizwa okuguquguqukayo kuyafezeka, kwakha umjikelezo omuhle "wesidingo somsebenzisi - ukusungula izinto ezintsha - ukuqinisekiswa kwemakethe".
Lapho bekhetha imishini yokuqandisa efanele, abantu abagcini nje ngokunaka amandla kanye nezinsizakalo kodwa futhi bacabangela kakhulu ngokuzivumelanisa kwabo nendlela yokuphila. Lolu shintsho emiqondweni yokusebenzisa lukhuthaza yonke imboni ukuthi ithuthuke ngendlela yokunaka kakhulu ulwazi lomsebenzisi kanye nentuthuko esimeme, futhi luphinde lushukumisele zonke izixhumanisi zeketanga lokuhlinzeka ukuthi zakhe ubudlelwano obuseduze bokubambisana.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 10-2025 Ukubukwa: