Iziqukathi eziqandisiwe ngokuvamile zibhekisela emakhabetheni eziphuzo ezitolo ezinkulu, iziqandisi, amakhabethe amakhekhe, njll., amazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-8°C. Abangane abenza ibhizinisi elibandayo elingenisiwe emhlabeni wonke baye baba nalokhu kudideka: ukuxoxisana ngokucacile ngempahla yasolwandle engu-$4,000 isiqukathi ngasinye, kodwa izindleko eziphelele zigcina zifinyelele ku-$6,000.
Iziqukathi zesiqandisi ezingenisiwe zihlukile ezitsheni ezijwayelekile ezomile. Izindleko zabo zokuhamba ziwuhlelo oluyinhlanganisela "yezimali eziyisisekelo + amaphrimiyamu okulawula izinga lokushisa + izinhlawulo zengozi". Ukugada kancane kunoma yisiphi isixhumanisi kungase kuholele ekuphumeni kokulawula izindleko.
Kuhlanganiswe nezibalo zezindleko zakamuva zenyama efriziwe yase-Europe yekhasimende engenisiwe, ake sicacise lezi zinto zezindleko ezifihlwe ngemuva kwempahla yasolwandle ukuze zikusize ugweme izingibe zezindleko.
I. Izindleko zokuthutha eziyinhloko: Impahla yasolwandle “imali yokungena” nje
Le ngxenye “iyingxenye enkulu” yezindleko, kodwa ayiyona neze into eyodwa yokuthutha olwandle. Esikhundleni salokho, iqukethe "izimpahla eziyisisekelo + izinkokhelo ezingeziwe ezibandayo" ezinokuguquguquka okunamandla kakhulu.
1. Impahla yasolwandle eyisisekelo: Kujwayelekile ukuthi iketango elibandayo libize ngo-30% -50% ngaphezu kweziqukathi ezijwayelekile.
Iziqukathi eziqandisiwe zidinga ukuhlala endaweni eyiketango ebandayo yenkampani yomkhumbi futhi zidinga ukunikezwa kwamandla okuqhubekayo ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa eliphansi, ngakho-ke inani lempahla eliyisisekelo ngokwalo liphakeme kakhulu kunelesitsha esivamile esomile. Ukuthatha iziqukathi ze-20GP njengesibonelo, imithwalo yasolwandle yempahla evamile esuka eYurophu iye e-China cishe i-$ 1,600-$ 2,200, kuyilapho iziqukathi eziqandisiwe ezisetshenziselwa inyama eqandisiwe zikhuphukela ku-$3,500-$4,500; igebe emizileni yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia lisobala kakhulu, neziqukathi ezijwayelekile ezibiza u-$800-$1,200, neziqukathi ezifakwe esiqandisini ziphindeka kabili kuya ku-$1,800-$2,500.
Kumele kuqashelwe lapha ukuthi umehluko wamanani nawo mkhulu ngezidingo ezahlukene zokulawula izinga lokushisa: inyama eqandisiwe idinga izinga lokushisa elingaguquki -18°C kuya ku-25°C, futhi izindleko zayo zokusetshenziswa kwamandla ziphakeme ngo-20% -30% kuneziqukathi zobisi eziqandisiwe ezinezinga lokushisa elingu-0°C-4°C.
2. Izinkokhelo ezengeziwe: Izintengo zikawoyela nezinkathi zonyaka zingenza izindleko zibe “i-roller coaster”
Le ngxenye iyona engase yeqe isabelomali, futhi zonke “ziyizindleko eziqinile” izinkampani zemikhumbi ezingakhuphuka ngokuthanda kwazo:
- I-Bunker Adjustment Factor (BAF/BRC): Isistimu yesiqandisi yeziqukathi eziqandisiwe idinga ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo, futhi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kungaphezulu kakhulu kwalokho kweziqukathi ezijwayelekile, ngakho ingxenye yezindleko zikaphethiloli nayo iphezulu. Ngekota yesithathu ka-2024, inhlawulo kaphethiloli ngesiqukathi ngasinye yayicishe ibe ngama- $400-$800, ibalwa ku-15% -25% wesamba sempahla. Isibonelo, i-MSC isanda kumemezela ukuthi kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Mashi 2025, imali yokutholwa kukaphethiloli wezimpahla ezifakwe esiqandisini ezithunyelwa e-United States izokwenyuswa, kulandela ukuguquguquka kwentengo kawoyela emhlabeni wonke.
- I-Peak Season Surcharge (PSS): Le mali ayinakugwenywa ngezikhathi zemikhosi noma izinkathi zokuvuna ezindaweni ezikhiqizayo. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nenkathi ephakeme yokuthekelisa yezithelo zaseChile ehlobo eliseningizimu nenkabazwe, iziqukathi eziqandisiwe ezithunyelwa e-United States zizokhokhiswa imali eningi yesizini engu-$500 isiqukathi ngasinye; ezinyangeni ezimbili ngaphambi koMkhosi Wasentwasahlobo e-China, izinga lempahla yeziqukathi eziqandisiwe ukusuka eYurophu ukuya eChina likhuphuka ngokuqondile ngo-30% -50%.
- Izindleko ezengeziwe zemishini: Uma iziqukathi ezisezingeni eliphezulu eziqandisiwe ezinokulawula umswakama zisetshenziswa, noma izinsizakalo zokupholisa ngaphambilini zidingeka, inkampani yokuthumela izokhokhisa imali eyengeziwe yokusetshenziswa kwemishini engu-$200-$500 ngesitsha ngasinye, okuyinto evamile lapho ungenisa izithelo eziphezulu.
II. Ukugunyazwa kwamachweba namasiko: Okuvame kakhulu "izindleko ezifihliwe"
Abantu abaningi babala kuphela izindleko ngaphambi kokufika echwebeni, kodwa bangazinaki "izindleko zesikhathi" zesitsha esiqandisiwe esihlala echwebeni - izindleko zansuku zonke zokuhlala kwesitsha esiqandisiwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 kunesiqukathi esivamile.
1. Ukunciphisa + ukuvalelwa: “Umbulali wesikhathi” weziqukathi eziqandisiwe
Izinkampani zokuthutha ngokuvamile zinikeza isikhathi sesitsha samahhala sezinsuku ezingu-3-5, futhi isikhathi sokugcina samahhala echwebeni izinsuku ezingu-2-3. Uma seludlule umkhawulo wesikhathi, inkokhelo izophinda kabili nsuku zonke. U-100% wokudla okuthengwa kwamanye amazwe kumele uhlolwe futhi uvalelwe yedwa. Uma ichweba liminyene, i-demurrage iyodwa ingafinyelela ku-500-1500 yuan ngosuku, futhi imali yokuvalelwa kweziqukathi eziqandisiwe ibiza kakhulu, amadola ayi-100-200 ngosuku.
Iklayenti lingenise inyama efriziwe evela eFrance. Ngenxa yolwazi olungalungile esitifiketini semvelaphi, ukugunyazwa kwentela kwabambezeleka izinsuku ezingu-5, futhi imali yokunciphisa + ukuvalelwa iyodwa kubiza ngaphezu kuka-8,000 RMB, okwakucishe kube ngama-20% ngaphezu kwalokho obekulindelekile.
2. Ukuvunyelwa kanye nokuhlolwa kweCustoms clearance: Izindleko zokuthobela imithetho azikwazi ukugcinwa
Le ngxenye iyizindleko ezingaguquki, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe “isimemezelo esinembile” ukuze kugwenywe izindleko ezengeziwe:
- Izimali ezivamile: Imali yesimemezelo seCustoms (200-500 yuan ithikithi ngalinye), imali yesimemezelo sokuhlola (300-800 yuan ithikithi ngalinye), kanye nemali yesevisi yokuhlola (500-1000 yuan) ijwayelekile. Uma isitoreji sesikhashana endaweni ebandayo egadwa ngokwesiko sidingeka, imali yokugcina i-300-500 yuan ngosuku izongezwa.
- Izintengo kanye nentela ye-value-added: Lena "ingxenye enkulu" yezindleko, kodwa ingalondolozwa ngezivumelwano zohwebo. Isibonelo, usebenzisa isitifiketi seFOMU E se-RCEP, ama-Thai durians angangeniswa ngaphandle kokukhokhiswa; Imikhiqizo yobisi yase-Australia intela yehliswa ngokuqondile ibe ngu-0 ngesitifiketi semvelaphi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhodi ye-HS kufanele inembile. Isibonelo, u-ayisikhilimu ofakwe ngaphansi kuka-2105.00 (enentela engu-6%) ungonga izinkulungwane zamadola entela esitsheni ngasinye uma uqhathaniswa nokuhlukaniswa ngaphansi kuka-0403 (ngentela engu-10%).
III. Izindleko ezisizayo: Zibonakala zincane, kodwa zengeza inani elimangazayo
Izindleko zomuntu ngamunye zalezi zixhumanisi aziphezulu, kodwa ziyahlanganisa, ngokuvamile zibalelwa ku-10% -15% wezindleko eziphelele.
1. Izimali zokupakisha nokusebenza: Ukukhokhela ukulondolozwa kokusha
Izimpahla ezifakwe esiqandisini zidinga ukupakishwa okukhethekile okuvikela umswakama kanye nokuvikela ukushaqeka. Isibonelo, ukupakishwa kwe-vacuum yenyama eqandisiwe kunganciphisa umthamo ngo-30%, okungagcini nje ngokulondoloza impahla kodwa futhi kugcina ubusha, kodwa imali yokupakisha ingu-$100-$300 ngesitsha ngasinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudingeka ama-forklift e-cold chain forklift ukuze kulayishwe futhi kuthululwe, futhi imali yokusebenza iphezulu ngo-50% kunempahla evamile. Uma izimpahla zesaba ukungqubuzana futhi zidinga ukubekwa kokukhanya okwenziwa ngesandla, imali izonyuka ngokuqhubekayo.
2. Iprimiyamu yomshwalense: Ukunikeza isivikelo “sezimpahla ezibolayo”
Uma ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwezimpahla eziqandisiwe kwehluleka, kuyoba ukulahlekelwa okuphelele, ngakho umshuwalense awukwazi ukugcinwa. Ngokuvamile, umshuwalense uthathwa ku-0.3% -0.8% yenani lezimpahla. Isibonelo, ngenyama eqandisiwe ebiza u-$50,000, iprimiyamu ilinganiselwa ku-$150-$400. Emizileni emide njengeNingizimu Melika kanye ne-Afrika, iprimiyamu izokhuphuka ibe ngaphezu kuka-1%, ngoba uma isikhathi sokuthutha siside, kuphakama ingozi yokulawula izinga lokushisa.
3. Imali yokuthutha yasekhaya: Izindleko zemayela lokugcina
Okokuthutha ukusuka echwebeni ukuya endaweni yokugcina abandayo emaphakathi nezwe, imithwalo yamaloli afakwe esiqandisini iphakeme ngo-40% kuneyamaloli ajwayelekile. Isibonelo, imali yokuthutha yesitsha esiqandisiwe esingu-20GP esisuka e-Shanghai Port siye endaweni ebandayo e-Suzhou yi-1,500-2,000 yuan. Uma kuya ezifundeni ezimaphakathi nentshonalanga, kuzongezwa ama-yuan angama-200-300 ngekhilomitha elingu-100, futhi nenkokhelo yokushayela engenalutho ebuyayo kumele nayo ifakwe.
IV. Amakhono asebenzayo okulawula izindleko: Izindlela ezi-3 zokonga u-20% wezindleko
Ngemva kokuqonda ukwakheka kwezindleko, ukulawulwa kwezindleko kungenziwa ngendlela ehlelekile. Nazi ezinye izindlela eziqinisekisiwe:
1. Khetha i-LCL yamaqoqo amancane futhi usayine izinkontileka zesikhathi eside zamaqoqo amakhulu:
Uma umthamo wempahla ungaphansi kwama-cubic metres angu-5, i-LCL (Ingaphansi Komthwalo Wesitsha) yonga u-40% -60% wempahla uma iqhathaniswa ne-FCL. Nakuba ukusebenza kahle kwesikhathi kuyizinsuku ezi-5-10 kuhamba kancane, kufanelekile kuma-oda wesivivinyo; uma ivolumu yokubhukha yonyaka idlula iziqukathi ezingu-50, sayina isivumelwano sesikhathi eside ngokuqondile nenkampani yemikhumbi ukuze uthole isaphulelo sika-5% -15%.
2. Lawula ngokunembile izinga lokushisa nesikhathi ukuze unciphise ukumosheka kwamandla:
Setha izinga lokushisa elincane elidingekayo ngokuya nezici zezimpahla. Isibonelo, ubhanana ungagcinwa ku-13 ° C, futhi asikho isidingo sokuwehlisa ku-0 ° C; Xhumana nenkampani ekhipha imvume yempahla kusenesikhathi ukuze ulungise izinto ngaphambi kokufika ethekwini, ucindezele isikhathi sokuhlola sibe phakathi kosuku olungu-1, futhi ugweme ukudangala.
3. Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ukunciphisa izindleko:
Faka ukulawulwa kokulawula izinga lokushisa kwe-GPS ezitsheni eziqandisiwe ukuze ulandelele ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sangempela, ugweme ukulahlekelwa okuphelele ngenxa yokwehluleka kwemishini; sebenzisa isistimu yokugcina impahla ezenzakalelayo, enganciphisa izindleko zokusebenza zesitoreji esibandayo ngo-10% -20%.
Okokugcina, isifinyezo: Ukubalwa kwezindleko kufanele kushiye "isikhala esivumelana nezimo"
Ifomula yezindleko zeziqukathi zesiqandisi ezingenisiwe zingafingqwa ngokuthi: (Impahla yasolwandle eyisisekelo + izinkokhiso) + (Izimali zechweba + izindleko zokugunyazwa kwentela) + (Ukupakisha + umshwalense + izimali zokuhamba zasekhaya) + 10% isabelomali esivumelana nezimo. Lo 10% ubalulekile ukubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo njengokukhuphuka kwentengo kaphethiloli kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhokhiswa kwentela.
Phela, umnyombo wokuhamba ngamaketanga abandayo “ukugcina ubusha”. Esikhundleni sokuncisha izindleko ezidingekayo, kungcono ukunciphisa izindleko ezifihliwe ngokuhlela okunembayo - ukugcina ikhwalithi yezimpahla kuwukonga okukhulu kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-12-2025 Ukubukwa: