Emongweni wokucindezela komhlaba wonke kokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, imboni yeziqandisi zezentengiselwano isibe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngokusho kwedatha evela kwi-International Energy Agency (IEA), izinto zokuqandisa zibanga u-18% wokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemishini yasekhaya emhlabeni jikelele. Njengoba ubunikazi bomhlaba wonke buqhubeka nokukhula, kulindeleke ukuthi kudlule amayunithi ayizigidigidi eziyi-1.5 ngo-2030, kanye nokwenyuka okuhambisanayo kwesidingo samandla. Uma kungalawulwa ngempumelelo, lokhu kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni emhlabeni jikelele. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla embonini yomnotho oqandisiwe, njengeziqandisi namakhabethe e-ayisikhilimu, kubalulekile ekufezeni imigomo yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.
Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha njenge-variable frequency compressors kanye noketshezi olusebenzayo lwemvelo (isb., i-CO₂ friji), ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamafriji okudla kungancishiswa ngempumelelo, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kungancishiswa, futhi inqubo yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni emhlabeni wonke ingasekelwa. Kusukela ekupholiseni imikhiqizo yezolimo ngaphambi kokukhiqiza kuya ekuthuthweni kwe-cold chain kanye nokugcinwa kwesiqandisi sesitolo esikhulu, ukusebenza kahle kweketanga lonke lokunikezwa kokudla okusha kuncike eziqandisini.
Ekuxhumaneni kokusakazwa komkhiqizo wezolimo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokulondolozwa nokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zezolimo. Isibonelo, izithelo nemifino ebolayo ingandisa isikhathi sayo sokuhlala ezindaweni ezifanelekile zochungechunge olubandayo, inciphise imfucuza ebolile. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokutholakala komkhiqizo wezolimo kodwa futhi kusiza ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo (ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ekutshalweni kabusha ngenxa yemfucuza).
Okwamanje, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamakhabhinethi okuqandisa esezingeni eliphezulu kuqhuba ukukhula ngokubambisana ezimbonini ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezingaphansi, njengokukhiqiza ama-compressor kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinto zokuqandisa. Lezi zimboni zidinga futhi ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, kwakha uhlelo lwezemvelo lwezimboni oluxhumene futhi olunethonya elihlangene.
Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kuthuthuka, isidingo sabathengi sezithako zokudla ezisezingeni eliphezulu siyakhula, okuqhuba ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwesidingo sesiqandisi kuzo zombili imikhakha yasekhaya neyezentengiselwano. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imindeni idinga iziqandisi ezinkulu, ezinendawo yokushisa ehlukahlukene, nezisebenzisa amandla kahle ukuze zigcine ukudla okuhlukahlukene. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imikhakha yezentengiselwano njengezitolo ezinkulu, izitolo ezithengisa izinto ezidingekayo, kanye nezindawo zokudlela zinesidingo esikhulu seziqandisi, ezinezidingo eziphakeme zokusebenza kwesiqandisi kanye nobuhlakani.
Izinguquko ezidingweni zabathengi nazo ziqondisa ukuthambekela kokusetshenziswa ekubhekeni kokuluhlaza okukhulu, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, kanye nokusebenza kahle. Lapho kwethulwa imikhiqizo yesiqandisi esezingeni eliphezulu lokusebenzisa amandla, abathengi kancane kancane bathuthukisa ukuqwashisa kwabo ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokongiwa kwamandla ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhetha, ngaleyo ndlela baqhubekisela phambili yonke imakethe yabathengi ekuhambisaneni nemibono yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.
Imboni yeziqandisi zemvelo idlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni womhlaba kanye nokuhweba. Ngaphansi kwesizinda sokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, amazinga okusebenza kahle kwamandla amazwe kanye nezinqubomgomo zemvelo zithuthukiswa njalo, okungagcini nje ngokuletha ingcindezi yokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni embonini yeziqandisi kodwa futhi kudala amathuba amasha emakethe. Isibonelo, ukuguqulwa kwelebula lokusebenza kahle kwamandla ye-EU kanye nezindinganiso ezintsha zikazwelonke zaseShayina kushukumisele amabhizinisi ukuthi andise ukutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokonga amandla, eqhubekisela imikhiqizo emazingeni aphezulu okusebenza kahle kwamandla.
I-NW iphawula ukuthi ukwakhiwa kabusha kweketanga lezimboni lemboni yefriji yomhlaba wonke, kanye nezakhiwo ze-patent kubuchwepheshe befriji obusezingeni eliphezulu, amabhizinisi adlula ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nokwakhiwa kwendawo yeketanga lokuhlinzeka. Lokhu kusebenzisana emidlalweni yezomnotho yomhlaba wonke kuthonya isiqondiso sentuthuko yeketanga lezimboni zeziphuzo ezibandayo emazweni ahlukahlukene kanye nephethini yokuhweba yomhlaba wonke, okubaluleke kakhulu ekufinyeleleni intuthuko esimeme ngokwezomnotho ngaphansi kwemigomo yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni yomhlaba wonke.
I. Ukuthuthukiswa Okujwayelekile Kokusetshenziswa Kahle Kwamandla: Injini Yokuguqulwa Okuluhlaza Yemboni Yefriji
Njengemishini edla amandla amaningi ebaluleke kakhulu ezimweni zasekhaya nezentengiselwano zomhlaba wonke, izinga lokusebenza kahle kwamandla kwamafriji lithinta ngqo ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni emhlabeni jikelele. Umthelela wokuguqulwa kwelebula lokusebenza kahle kwamandla e-EU ubaluleke kakhulu. Ngo-2021, i-EU yalungisa amazinga okusebenza kahle kwamandla amafriji kusukela ku-A+++ kuya ku-AG, okudinga amabhizinisi ukuthi achaze kabusha izisekelo zokusebenza kahle kwamandla komkhiqizo. Isibonelo, indinganiso entsha ye-A-grade inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-30% uma kuqhathaniswa nendinganiso endala, okuholele ekutheni u-90% wemikhiqizo ekhona emakethe yehliswe ibe yi-B noma i-C grades. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuphoqe amabhizinisi ukuthi asheshise ukuphindaphinda kobuchwepheshe. Isibonelo, amafriji aseHaier athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwawo kwamandla abe yi-A++ grade ngokusebenzisa ama-compressor e-variable frequency kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuqandisa be-CO₂, angene ngempumelelo emakethe yaseYurophu.
Ngo-2025, iShayina izothuthukisa amazinga ayo okusebenza kahle kwamandla efrijini lezentengiselwano ibe amazinga ahamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele, okudinga ukuthuthukiswa okungu-20% ku-coefficient of performance (COP) kwamafriji eyunithi yokufudumeza azimele. Le nqubomgomo ishukumise amabhizinisi efrijini aseShayina ukuba asheshise ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe. Isibonelo, i-compressor ye-frequency variable yesizukulwane sesi-6 yeDongbei Group eyakhe ngokuzimela inenani le-COP elingu-2.18, ukuthuthukiswa okungu-15% ngaphezu kwesilinganiso semboni, futhi ithole ukugunyazwa kwelungelo lobunikazi eYurophu nase-United States.
II. Ukuphindaphinda Kobuchwepheshe: Ukwehlukana Okubili Kuma-Variable Frequency kanye Nama-Natural Working Fluids
Ubuchwepheshe be-variable frequency compressor buyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kwamandla eziqandisini nakwezinye izinto zikagesi. Ama-compressor endabuko avamile anokuguquguquka okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwamandla, kuyilapho ubuchwepheshe be-variable frequency bunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla efrijini ngo-30%-40% ngokulungisa isivinini semoto. Isibonelo, ama-NENWELL asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-DC variable frequency obugcwele, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwansuku zonke kube ngu-0.38 kWh, ukonga amandla okungu-50% uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo yendabuko. Ngobuchwepheshe "bokuhlukaniswa kokushisa okufakwe i-exhaust silencer cavity", umsindo we-compressor wehliswa ube ngama-decibel angu-38 ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.
III. Izithiyo Zobuchwepheshe kanye Nokwakhiwa Kabusha Kwe-Industrial Chain Yomhlaba Wonke
Amazwe athuthukile alawula ubuchwepheshe bokuqandisa obusezingeni eliphezulu ngokusebenzisa ukwakheka kwelungelo lobunikazi. I-Danfoss yaseDenmark inamalungelo obunikazi angaphezu kuka-2,000 emkhakheni we-compressor, ehlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile njengokulawula imvamisa eguquguqukayo kanye nomklamo wohlelo lwe-CO₂. I-Bosch yaseJalimane ilawula izinqubo zokukhiqiza zezinto zokushisa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Lezi zithiyo zobuchwepheshe zenza kube nzima ngamabhizinisi asemazweni asathuthuka ukungena ezimakethe ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Isibonelo, ukungeniswa kwezindawo zokugcina ezibandayo emazweni ase-Afrika kuncike emikhiqizweni yaseYurophu, enentengo ephindwe kabili kunezakwamanye aseShayina.
I-NENWELL, njengenkanyezi ekhulayo embonini yeziqandisi, yakha ukuncintisana ngezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezihlukene:
- I-Matrix Yomkhiqizo: Ihlanganisa uhla oluphelele lwamafriji aqondile (50-500L) kanye namafriji avundlile (100-1000L). Amafriji avundlile athengiswayo asebenzisa umklamo "wezindawo ezintathu zokushisa ezijikeleza kabili", okuvumela ukusebenza ngasikhathi sinye kokuqandisa okungu-18°C, ukuqandisa okungu-0-5°C, kanye nokugcina okusha okungu-10-15°C, okuhlangabezana nezidingo zokugcina ezibekwe eceleni zezitolo ezinkulu, imikhiqizo emisha, kanye nezithako zokupheka.
- Ubuchwepheshe Obuyinhloko: Ifakwe “injini yemvamisa eguquguqukayo ye-X-Tech” ezithuthukisile, isebenzisa ama-algorithms okulawula ama-vector kanye nezinto ezihlala njalo ze-magnet, ene-coefficient of performance (COP) efinyelela ku-3.0, ukuthuthuka okungu-25% kunesilinganiso semboni. Ihambisana nezinhlelo zokuqandisa ze-CO₂ transcritical, kanye nekhono lokufudumala komhlaba (GWP) elingu-1 kuphela.
- Ukusebenza Kwemakethe: Ngo-2024, amafriji e-NENWELL abambe isabelo semakethe esingu-12% eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ngokukhula okungu-38% unyaka nonyaka emakethe yaseYurophu. Phakathi kwawo, amafriji avundlile angu-500L anezinhlelo zokulawula izinga lokushisa ezihlakaniphile abambe ngaphezu kuka-7% wesabelo semakethe yeziteshi zokudla zaseJalimane, aba yibhizinisi lokuqala laseShayina elisanda kuvela ukungena ezinhlotsheni eziyi-10 eziphezulu zamafriji aseYurophu ekuthengisweni.
I-Dongbei Group itshale ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingu-30 ku-R&D yama-compressor okushisa aphansi kakhulu, yaphumelela ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuqandisa obungu--86°C ukuze ithathe indawo yemikhiqizo engenisiwe. Ama-Haier freezer asungule izisekelo zokukhiqiza eGibhithe, eTurkey, nakwezinye izindawo ngesu "le-trinity" lomhlaba wonke, afinyelela ku-R&D yendawo kanye nokukhiqiza ukuze agweme izithiyo zokuhweba. Ngo-2024, umthamo wokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ama-freezer e-China wafinyelela kumayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-24.112, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-24.3%, okubalelwa ku-55% wesabelo semakethe yomhlaba wonke.
IV. Imidlalo Yezomnotho Yomhlaba Wonke: Inani Elihle Lama-Green Freezers
Izinqubomgomo zokuhweba kanye nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe sezibe yizinkundla ezintsha zempi zokuncintisana kwamandla amakhulu. UMthetho Wokunciphisa Ukwehla Kwentengo wase-US unikeza isikweletu sentela esingu-30% ekukhiqizweni kwamafriji asekhaya, kuyilapho i-Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) ye-EU idinga amafriji angenisiwe ukuthi amemezele izinyathelo zawo zekhabhoni zomjikelezo wokuphila. Amanye amabhizinisi asabela ngezintambo zokuphakelwa eziluhlaza, njengokusebenzisa insimbi eluhlaza (insimbi enekhabhoni ephansi) kanye namapulasitiki asetshenziswe kabusha, ukunciphisa izinyathelo zekhabhoni yomkhiqizo ngo-40% kanye nokuphumelela ekuqinisekisweni kwenhloso yekhabhoni yesayensi ye-SBTi.
Ukuthunyelwa kobuchwepheshe kwamanye amazwe kanye nokubekwa okujwayelekile kuyizindlela zesikhathi eside zamabhizinisi omhlaba wonke. I-Dongbei Group ifake izicelo zamalungelo obunikazi anjenge-"resonating cavity air intake silencers" eYurophu nase-United States futhi yabamba iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwamazinga omhlaba wonke. Izinga lobuchwepheshe be-CO₂ lokubanda eliholwa yi-Haier freezers lifakiwe ephepheni elimhlophe le-International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR). Lezi zinyathelo azigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa izwi lamabhizinisi kodwa futhi zinikeza izixazululo zokuguqulwa okuluhlaza kwemboni yamafriji omhlaba wonke.
V. Izitayela Zesikhathi Esizayo: Ukuhlanganiswa Kobuchwepheshe kanye Nomnotho Ojikelezayo
Ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile kanye namakhabhinethi aqandisa ngokushesha kuzokwakha kabusha amaphethini embonini. Izinzwa ze-IoT zingaqapha ukusetshenziswa kwamandla efriji ngesikhathi sangempela, kanti ama-algorithms e-AI angathuthukisa imijikelezo yokuqandisa, anciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-10%. Isibonelo, umsebenzi "wokulawula izinga lokushisa okuhlakaniphile" wamafriji e-Midea ulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amandla okuqandisa ngokufunda imikhuba yabasebenzisi.
Ukuvuselelwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kweketanga lezimboni embonini yamafriji empeleni kumelela indawo encane yokuguquka komnotho womhlaba wonke ekuthuthukisweni okuluhlaza kanye nokungakhiqizi ikhabhoni eningi. Esikhathini esizayo, ukuncintisana embonini yamafriji kuzogxila ekusungulweni kwezobuchwepheshe, ukusethwa okujwayelekile, kanye nomnotho ojikelezayo, okungagcini nje ngokuphathelene nokusinda kwebhizinisi kodwa futhi nokufezwa kwemigomo yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni yomhlaba wonke. Amafriji, izinto zasekhaya ezibonakala zivamile, aseba yizinkundla zempi ezintsha emidlalweni yezomnotho womhlaba wonke.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-23-2025 Ukubukwa: