Ezimweni zezentengiselwano, ama-cola amaningi, amajusi ezithelo, kanye nezinye iziphuzo kudingeka zigcinwe efrijini. Iningi lazo lisebenzisa iziqandisi zeziphuzo ezineminyango emibili. Nakuba ezineminyango eyodwa nazo zithandwa kakhulu, izindleko zikhulise amathuba okukhetha. Kubasebenzisi, kubalulekile ukuba nemisebenzi eyisisekelo ehlangabezana nezidingo zabo kanye nokulawula intengo okuhle kakhulu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapho kungeniswa izinkulungwane zamayunithi emishini. Asidingi nje kuphela ukulawula izindleko, kodwa futhi kufanele sicabangele izindaba ezihlobene nekhwalithi kanye nensizakalo.
Intengo ngokwayo nayo iyisici. Ngokuphathelene nomehluko wentengo phakathi kwama-cooler eziphuzo anomnyango owodwa kanye namabili, akubangelwa nje umehluko womthamo, kodwa kunalokho ukubonakaliswa okuphelele kwezinto eziningi ezifana nezindleko zezinto zokwakha, ukwakheka kobuchwepheshe, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwamanani ahlukene kanye nesimo somkhiqizo
Njengamanje, amanani eziqandisi zeziphuzo emakethe abonisa izici ezibalulekile zokusatshalaliswa ngokwezinga. Uhla lwamanani eziqandisi zeziphuzo ezinomnyango owodwa lukhulu kakhulu, kusukela kumodeli yeYangzi engabizi kakhulu ku-$71.5 kumamodeli ayisisekelo kuya kumamodeli ochwepheshe bomkhiqizo osezingeni eliphezulu iWilliams ku-$3105, okuhlanganisa zonke izidingo zesimo kusukela ezitolo zomphakathi kuya emabhaweni aphezulu.
Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi amanani eziqandisi zeziphuzo ezithengiswayo ezivamile agxile ku-$138 kuya ku-$345. Phakathi kwazo, imodeli ye-Xingxing engu-230-litre enomnyango owodwa epholile emoyeni intengo yayo i-$168.2, imodeli ye-Aucma engu-229-litre yokuqala esezingeni eliphezulu ephumelelayo amandla intengo yayo i-$131.0, kanti imodeli ye-Midea engu-223-litre engenaqhwa emoyeni i-$172.4 (1249 yuan × 0.138), okwenza ibhendi yentengo ecacile yebanga eliphakathi.
Iziqandisi zeziphuzo ezineminyango emibili, sezizonke, zibonisa ukwenyuka kwamanani, kanti ububanzi bentengo eyisisekelo bungamadola aseMelika angu-153.2 – 965.9. Intengo ehlisiwe yemodeli eyisisekelo eneminyango emibili ye-Xinfei ingu-153.2 amadola aseMelika, kanti isiqandisi se-Aucma esingu-800-litre first-class energy efficiency esineminyango emibili se-Aucma sithengiswa ngamadola aseMelika angu-551.9, ikhabethe le-Midea elingu-439-litre elineminyango emibili lentengo ingamadola aseMelika angu-366.9, kanti amakhabethe eminyango emibili enziwe ngokwezifiso aphezulu angafinyelela kumadola aseMelika angu-965.9.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi intengo emaphakathi yamakhabethe aneminyango emibili icishe ibe ngu-$414, okuyintengo emaphakathi kabili kunamakhabethe aneminyango eyodwa ($207). Lobu budlelwano obuhlukahlukene buhlala buzinzile emigqeni ehlukene yomkhiqizo.
Amasu okubeka amanani emikhiqizo aqhubekisele phambili ukwehluka kwentengo. Imikhiqizo yasekhaya efana ne-Xingxing, i-Xinfei, kanye ne-Aucma yakhe imakethe enkulu esukela kumadola aseMelika ayi-138-552, kuyilapho imikhiqizo engenisiwe efana ne-Williams inamamodeli anomnyango owodwa anentengo ephezulu efika kumadola aseMelika ayi-3,105. Intengo yabo ephezulu ibonakala kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bokulawula izinga lokushisa kanye nomklamo wezohwebo. Lo mehluko wentengo yomkhiqizo ubonakala kakhulu kumamodeli aneminyango emibili. Intengo yamakhabethe aneminyango emibili yezentengiselwano aphezulu ingaba ngokuphindwe kathathu kuya kahlanu kunemikhiqizo efanayo evela kumikhiqizo yasekhaya, okubonisa umehluko ekubekweni kwenani phakathi kwezigaba ezahlukene zemakethe.
Indlela yokwakheka kwentengo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezindleko okunezinhlangothi ezintathu
Izindleko zomthamo kanye nezinto zokwakha yizona zinto eziyinhloko ezibangela umehluko wamanani. Umthamo wama-cooler eziphuzo anomnyango owodwa uvame ukuba phakathi kwamalitha angu-150-350, kuyilapho aneminyango emibili ngokuvamile efinyelela kumalitha angu-400-800, kanti amanye amamodeli aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile izitolo ezinkulu adlula ngisho namalitha ayi-1000. Umehluko womthamo uhumusha ngokuqondile umehluko ezindleleni zezinto zokwakha; ama-cooler aneminyango emibili adinga amapayipi ensimbi, ingilazi, kanye nefriji angu-60%-80% ngaphezulu kunalawo anomnyango owodwa.
Thatha uhlobo lwe-Xingxing njengesibonelo. Ikhabethe elingumnyango owodwa elingamalitha angu-230 libiza u-$168.2, kanti ikhabethe elingumnyango ophindwe kabili elingamalitha angu-800 libiza u-$551.9. Izindleko ngomthamo weyunithi ngayinye ziyancipha kusuka ku-$0.73 ngelitha kuya ku-$0.69 ngelitha, okubonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezindleko okubangelwa umphumela wesikali.
Ukulungiswa kobuchwepheshe besiqandisi kuyisici sesibili esithinta amanani. Ubuchwepheshe bokupholisa ngqo, ngenxa yesakhiwo saso esilula, busetshenziswa kabanzi kumakhabhinethi anomnyango owodwa angabizi. Isibonelo, ikhabhinethi enomnyango owodwa i-Yangzi 120.0 USD isebenzisa uhlelo lokupholisa oluqondile oluyisisekelo; kuyilapho ubuchwepheshe obungenaqhwa olupholile emoyeni, obunezindleko eziphakeme zabalandeli nabashisi, bubona ukwenyuka okukhulu kwentengo. Ikhabhinethi enomnyango owodwa i-Zhigao intengo yayo ingama-129.4 USD, okuphakeme cishe ngo-30% kunemodeli yokupholisa ngqo yomkhiqizo ofanayo. Amakhabhinethi aneminyango emibili athambekele kakhulu ekufakweni uhlelo lokulawula izinga lokushisa oluzimele olunefeni ezimbili. Ikhabhinethi enomnyango owodwa i-Midea 439-litre enomnyango owodwa intengo yayo ingama-366.9 USD, okuyi-premium engu-40% uma kuqhathaniswa namamodeli okupholisa ngqo anomthamo ofanayo. Lo mehluko wentengo yobuchwepheshe ubaluleke kakhulu kumamodeli aneminyango emibili.
Umthelela wokulinganisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ezindleleni zokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside ushukumisele abathengisi ukuthi bazimisele ukukhokha iprimiyamu yemikhiqizo esebenzisa kahle amandla kakhulu. Intengo yekhabhinethi enomnyango owodwa enekilasi 1 lokusebenza kahle kwamandla iphakeme ngo-15%-20% kuneyomkhiqizo wekilasi 2. Isibonelo, ikhabhinethi enomnyango owodwa ye-Aucma engamalitha angu-229 enekilasi 1 lokusebenza kahle kwamandla ibiza u-$131.0, kuyilapho imodeli enamandla afanayo enekilasi 2 lokusebenza kahle kwamandla icishe ibe ngu-$110.4. Le primiyamu igqama kakhulu kumakhabhinethi aneminyango emibili. Ngenxa yokuthi umehluko wokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngonyaka wemishini enamandla amakhulu ungafinyelela amakhulu amaningana kWh, izinga leprimiyamu lamakhabhinethi aneminyango emibili enekilasi 1 lokusebenza kahle kwamandla ngokuvamile lifinyelela ku-22%-25%, okubonisa ukucabangela kwabathengisi izindleko zokusebenza zesikhathi eside.
Isu Lokukhetha Nomodeli we-TCO
Uma ukhetha amafriji eziphuzo ezentengiselwano ahlukene, umqondo we-Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) kufanele usungulwe, kunokuba uqhathanise amanani okuqala. Isilinganiso sokuthengiswa kweziphuzo nsuku zonke ezitolo ezilula emiphakathini yaseYurophu naseMelika singamabhodlela angaba ngu-80-120, kanti isiqandisi esinomnyango owodwa esinomthamo wamalitha angu-150-250 singahlangabezana nesidingo. Uma sithatha isiqandisi esingumnyango owodwa se-Xingxing esingamalitha angu-230 ku-$168.2 njengesibonelo, kanye nesilinganiso sokusebenza kahle kwamandla ezingeni lokuqala, izindleko zikagesi zonyaka zingaba ngu-$41.4, kanti i-TCO yeminyaka emithathu icishe ibe ngu-$292.4. Ezitolo ezinkulu ezinesilinganiso sokuthengiswa kwamabhodlela angaphezu kuka-300 nsuku zonke, kudingeka isiqandisi esineminyango emibili esinomthamo wamalitha angaphezu kuka-400. Isiqandisi esineminyango emibili se-Aucma esingamalitha angu-800 sibiza u-$551.9, kanti izindleko zikagesi zonyaka zingaba ngu-$89.7 kanye ne-TCO yeminyaka emithathu cishe zingama-$799.9, kodwa izindleko zokugcina amayunithi ziphansi kunalokho.
Ngokuphathelene nezimo zemihlangano yamahhovisi, emahhovisi amancane naphakathi nendawo (anabantu abangu-20-50), ikhabhinethi enomnyango owodwa elingamalitha angaba ngu-150 lanele. Isibonelo, ikhabhinethi enomnyango owodwa engabizi kakhulu ye-Yangzi engu-71.5 USD, kanye nemali kagesi yonyaka engu-27.6 USD, kuholela ezindlekweni eziphelele ezingu-154.3 USD kuphela eminyakeni emithathu. Ema-pantries noma ezindaweni zokwamukela izivakashi emabhizinisini amakhulu, ikhabhinethi eneminyango emibili engamalitha angu-300 ingacatshangelwa. Ikhabhinethi eneminyango emibili ye-Midea engu-310 litre ibiza cishe u-291.2 USD, kanye ne-TCO yeminyaka emithathu engaba ngu-374.0 USD, okunciphisa izindleko zokusetshenziswa kweyunithi ngenxa yenzuzo yayo yamandla.
Amabha aphezulu avame ukukhetha izinhlobo zobungcweti ezifana noWilliams. Nakuba ikhabhinethi yayo enomnyango owodwa enentengo yamadola aseMelika angu-3105 inotshalomali olukhulu lokuqala, ukulawulwa kwayo kokushisa okunembile (umehluko wokushisa ±0.5℃) kanye nomklamo othule (≤40 decibels) kungaqinisekisa ikhwalithi yeziphuzo eziphezulu. Ezindaweni ezinomswakama njengezindawo zokudlela, kudingeka amamodeli akhethekile anama-liner ensimbi engagqwali. Intengo yamakhabhinethi anjalo aneminyango emibili iphakeme cishe ngo-30% kuneyamamodeli ajwayelekile. Isibonelo, intengo yekhabhinethi eneminyango emibili yensimbi engagqwali ye-Xinfei ingamadola aseMelika angu-227.7 (1650 yuan × 0.138), okuyimadola aseMelika angu-55.2 aphezulu kunemodeli evamile enamandla afanayo.
Izitayela Zemakethe Nezinqumo Zokuthenga
Ngo-2025, imakethe yama-cooler eziphuzo ikhombisa ukuthambekela lapho ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwehluka kwentengo kuhambisana khona. Ukuguquguquka kwamanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa kunomthelela omkhulu ezindlekweni; ukwanda ngo-5% kwamanani ensimbi engagqwali kuholele ekukhuphukeni okulinganiselwa ku-$20.7 kwezindleko zama-cooler aneminyango emibili, kuyilapho ukuthandwa kwama-compressor e-inverter kubangele ukuthi amanani amamodeli aphezulu akhuphuke ngo-10%-15%. Okwamanje, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha njengokunikezwa kwamandla okusiza nge-photovoltaic kuholele ekukhokheni okuphezulu okungu-30% kwama-cooler aneminyango emibili asebenzisa amandla kahle, nokho, okunganciphisa izindleko zikagesi ngaphezu kuka-40% futhi kufaneleka ezitolo ezinezimo ezinhle zokukhanya.
Izinqumo zokuthenga kudingeka zicabangele ngokuphelele izici ezintathu:
(1)Isilinganiso somthamo wokuthengisa wansuku zonke
Okokuqala, nquma isidingo somthamo ngokusekelwe kumthamo wokuthengisa wansuku zonke ojwayelekile. Ikhabethe elinomnyango owodwa lifanelekela izimo lapho umthamo wokuthengisa wansuku zonke ojwayelekile ungamabhodlela angu-≤ 150, kuyilapho ikhabethe elineminyango emibili lifanelana nesidingo samabhodlela angu-≥ 200.
(2)Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa
Okwesibili, hlola isikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Ezimweni lapho ukusebenza kusebenza khona amahora angaphezu kwangu-12 ngosuku, kufanele kunikezwe kuqala amamodeli anokusebenza kahle kwamandla okusezingeni lokuqala. Nakuba intengo yawo yeyunithi iphakeme, umehluko wentengo ungabuyiswa zingakapheli iminyaka emibili.
(3)Izidingo ezikhethekile
Naka izidingo ezikhethekile. Isibonelo, umsebenzi ongenaqhwa ufanelekela izindawo ezinomswakama, futhi ukwakheka kwekhiya kufanelekela izimo ezinganakiwe. Le misebenzi izobangela ukuguquguquka kwentengo okungu-10%-20%.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zokuhamba nazo zibalwa ingxenye. Izindleko zokuhamba nokufakwa kwamakhabethe aneminyango emibili ziphakeme ngo-50%-80% kunezamakhabethe aneminyango eyodwa. Amanye amakhabethe amakhulu aneminyango emibili adinga ukuphakanyiswa kochwepheshe, ngezindleko ezengeziwe ezingaba ngu-41.4-69.0 amadola aseMelika.
Ngokuphathelene nezindleko zokulungisa, isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi samakhabethe aneminyango emibili senza izindleko zawo zokulungisa zibe phezulu ngo-40% kunezamakhabethe anomnyango owodwa. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukukhetha imikhiqizo enenethiwekhi ephelele yesevisi yangemva kokuthengisa. Nakuba intengo yokuqala ingaba phezulu ngo-10%, inikeza iziqinisekiso ezengeziwe zokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside.
Njalo ngonyaka, kuba nokuthuthukiswa kwamadivayisi ahlukene. Abahlinzeki abaningi bathi abakwazi ukuthumela imikhiqizo yabo kwamanye amazwe. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi ngaphandle kokusungula izinto ezintsha, ngeke kube khona ukuqedwa. Iningi lemikhiqizo emakethe liseyimodeli endala, futhi abasebenzisi abanaso isizathu sokuthuthukisa amadivayisi abo nhlobo.
Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwedatha yemakethe kwembula ukuthi umehluko wamanani phakathi kweziqandisi zeziphuzo ezineminyango emibili kanye nezinomnyango owodwa uwumphumela wemiphumela ehlanganisiwe yamandla, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla. Ekukhetheni kwangempela, umuntu kufanele adlulele ngale kwengqondo elula yokuqhathanisa amanani futhi asungule uhlelo lokuhlola lwe-TCO olusekelwe ezimweni zokusetshenziswa ukuze enze isinqumo sokutshala imali kwemishini esifanele.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 16-2025 Ukubukwa: