E-Ust ngaphambi kukaJuni 2025, isimemezelo esivela eMnyangweni Wezohwebo wase-US sathumela ukushaqeka ngomkhakha womhlaba wonke wezinto zikagesi zasekhaya. Kusukela mhla zingama-23 kuNhlangulana, izigaba eziyisishiyagalombili zensimbi - izinto zikagesi ezenziwe ekhaya, okuhlanganisa iziqandisi ezihlanganisiwe, imishini yokuwasha, iziqandisi, njll., zifakwe ngokusemthethweni kububanzi bezindleko zophenyo zeSigaba 232, ngenani lentela elifinyelela ku-50%. Lokhu akuwona umnyakazo osodwa kodwa ukuqhubeka nokwandiswa kwenqubomgomo yemikhawulo yokuhweba ngensimbi yase-US. Kusukela esimemezelweni esithi "Ukusetshenziswa Kwezintengo Zensimbi" ngoMashi 2025, kuya ekuphawuleni komphakathi "ngenqubo yokufakwa" ngoMeyi, bese kuya ekwandiseni ububanzi bentela kusukela ezingxenyeni zensimbi ukuze kuqedelwe imishini ngalesi sikhathi, i-US yakha "umgoqo wentela" wensimbi engenisiwe - izinto zikagesi ezenziwe ekhaya ngochungechunge oluqhubekayo lwezinqubomgomo.
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Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le nqubomgomo ihlukanisa ngokucacile imithetho yentela "yezingxenye zensimbi" kanye "nezingxenye ezingezona zensimbi". Izingxenye zensimbi zingaphansi kwentela engu-50% yeSigaba 232 kodwa azikho “emalini evumelanayo”. Izingxenye ezingezona zensimbi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zidinga ukukhokha "i-reciprocal tariff" (kufaka phakathi intela eyisisekelo engu-10%, i-20% ye-fentanyl - i-tariff ehlobene, njll.) kodwa azikho ngaphansi kwe-Section 232 tariff. Lokhu "ukwelashwa okuhlukile" kuncike ezintweni zikagesi zasekhaya ezinokuqukethwe kwensimbi okuhlukile kungcindezi yezindleko ezihlukene.
I. Umbono Ngedatha Yokuhweba: Ukubaluleka Kwemakethe Yase-US Yempahla Yasekhaya YaseShayina
Njengesizinda somhlaba wonke sokukhiqiza izinto zikagesi zasekhaya, i-China ithumela inani elibalulekile lemikhiqizo ebandakanyekayo e-US. Idatha evela ku-2024 ibonisa ukuthi:
Inani lokuthekelisa kweziqandisi namafriji (kuhlanganise nezingxenye) e-US lifinyelele ku-3.16 billion wamadola aseMelika, ngonyaka - ngonyaka - likhuphuke ngo-20.6%. I-US ibalele ku-17.3% yenani eliphelele lomthamo wokuthekelisa walesi sigaba, okuyenza ibe imakethe enkulu kunazo zonke.
Inani lokuthekelisa lama-ovini kagesi e-US lalingama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.58, okubalelwa ku-19.3% wesamba sesamba esithunyelwa ngaphandle, futhi umthamo wokuthekelisa ukhuphuke ngo-18.3% ngonyaka - ngonyaka.
Umlahli wemfucuza ekhishini uncike kakhulu emakethe yaseMelika, ngama-48.8% yenani lokuthekelisa eligelezela e-US, kanye nenani lokuthekelisa elibalelwa ku-70.8% yenani eliphelele lomhlaba.
Uma sibheka izitayela zango-2019 - 2024, ngaphandle kwamahhavini kagesi, amanani okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ezinye izigaba ezithintekayo e-US abonise ukuguquguquka okunyukayo, okubonisa ngokugcwele ukubaluleka kwemakethe yase-US emabhizinisini ezinto zikagesi zase-China.
II. Zibalwa Kanjani Izindleko? Okuqukethwe Kwensimbi Kunquma Ukunyuka Kwentela
Umthelela wokulungiswa kwentela emabhizinisini ubonakala ekugcineni ekubalweni kwezindleko. Thatha isiqandisi saseShayina - esenziwe ngezindleko zamadola ayi-100 aseMelika njengesibonelo:
Uma insimbi ibalelwa ku-30% (okungukuthi, amadola angama-30 ase-US), kanti ingxenye engeyona yensimbi ingamadola angama-70 US;
Ngaphambi kokulungiswa, intela yayingama-55% (kufaka phakathi "i-reciprocal tariff", "fentanyl - related tariff", "i-Section 301 tariff");
Ngemuva kokulungiswa, ingxenye yensimbi idinga ukuthwala intela eyengeziwe engu-50% yeSigaba 232, futhi inani lentengo likhuphukela ku-67%, okwandisa izindleko ngeyunithi ngayinye cishe ngamadola ayi-12 aseMelika.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuphakama kwensimbi yomkhiqizo, kuba mkhulu umthelela. Ngezinto zikagesi ezisebenza ekhaya ezilula nezinensimbi elinganiselwa ku-15%, ukukhushulwa kwentela kulinganiselwe. Kodwa-ke, emikhiqizweni enensimbi ephezulu njengeziqandisi namafreyimu ensimbi ashiselwe, ingcindezi yezindleko izokhuphuka kakhulu.
III. Ukusabela kweChain Ochungechungeni Lwezimboni: Ukusuka Intengo Kuya Esakhiweni
Inqubomgomo yentela yase-US idala ukusabela okuningi:
Emakethe yasekhaya yase-US, ukwenyuka kwezindleko zempahla yasendlini engenisiwe kuzokhuphula intengo yokudayisa, okungase kucindezele isidingo sabathengi.
Emabhizinisini aseShayina, inzuzo yokuthumela ngaphandle izocindezelwa kuphela, kodwa futhi kudingeka abhekane nengcindezi evela kubancintisana nabo abafana neMexico. Isabelo sezinto ezifanayo zasendlini ezingeniswe yi-US zisuka e-Mexico ekuqaleni zaziphakeme kunalezo ezivela e-China, futhi inqubomgomo yentela inomthelela ofanayo ngokuyisisekelo kumabhizinisi avela kuwo womabili amazwe.
Ochungechungeni lwezimboni zomhlaba wonke, ukuqiniswa kwemigoqo yokuhweba kungase kuphoqe amabhizinisi ukuthi alungise ukwakheka kwawo kwamandla okukhiqiza. Isibonelo, ukumisa amafekthri eNyakatho Melika ukugwema amanani kuzokhuphula inkimbinkimbi nezindleko zochungechunge lokuhlinzeka.
VI. Impendulo Yebhizinisi: Indlela esuka Ekuhloleni ukuya Esenzweni
Ebhekene nezinguquko zenqubomgomo, amabhizinisi ezinto zikagesi zase-China angaphendula ngezici ezintathu:
I-Cost Re – ubunjiniyela: Thuthukisa ingxenye yensimbi esetshenziswa emikhiqizweni, hlola ukushintshwa kwezinto ezingasindi, futhi unciphise ingxenye yezingxenye zensimbi ukuze unciphise umthelela wezindleko.
Ukuhlukahluka Kwezimakethe: Thuthukisa izimakethe ezisafufusa ezifana ne-Southeast Asia kanye ne-Middle East ukunciphisa ukuncika emakethe yase-US.
Ukuxhunyaniswa Kwenqubomgomo: Qapha ngokucophelela intuthuko elandelayo “yenqubo yokufakwa” yase-US, ebonisa izimfuno ngokusebenzisa izinhlangano zezimboni (ezifana neGatsha Lokusebenza Kwasekhaya le-China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products), futhi ulwele ukwehlisa intela ngokusebenzisa imigudu ethobelayo.
Njengabadlali ababalulekile embonini yomhlaba wonke yezinto zikagesi zasekhaya, izimpendulo zamabhizinisi aseShayina azigcini nje ngokuphathelene nokuphila kwawo kodwa futhi zizothinta isiqondiso sokwakhiwa kabusha kochungechunge lwezohwebo lwempahla yasekhaya. Kumongo wokujwayela kokungqubuzana kwezohwebo, amasu okulungisa ngendlela eguquguqukayo nokuqinisa ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe kungase kube ukhiye wokuzulazula kokungaqiniseki.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-04-2025 Ukubukwa: