Ngaphambi kukaJuni 2025, isimemezelo esivela kuMnyango Wezohwebo wase-US sathumela amagagasi okushaqisayo embonini yemishini yasekhaya yomhlaba wonke. Kusukela ngoJuni 23, izigaba eziyisishiyagalombili zemishini yasekhaya eyenziwe ngensimbi, okuhlanganisa iziqandisi ezihlanganisiwe, imishini yokuwasha, amafriji, njll., zafakwa ngokusemthethweni emkhakheni wezindleko zophenyo lweSigaba 232, ngesilinganiso sentela esiphezulu esingama-50%. Lokhu akuyona into eyedwa kodwa ukuqhubeka nokwandiswa kwenqubomgomo yokuvinjelwa kokuhweba ngensimbi yase-US. Kusukela esimemezelweni "sokusetshenziswa kwezindleko zensimbi" ngoMashi 2025, kuya ekuphawuleni komphakathi "ngenqubo yokufaka" ngoMeyi, bese kuba ukwandiswa komkhawulo wentela kusuka ezingxenyeni zensimbi kuya emishinini ephelele kulokhu, i-US yakha "umgoqo wentela" wemishini yasekhaya eyenziwe ngensimbi engenisiwe ngochungechunge lwezinqubomgomo eziqhubekayo.
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Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela ukuthi le nqubomgomo ihlukanisa ngokucacile imithetho yentela "yezingxenye zensimbi" kanye "nezingxenye ezingezona ezensimbi". Izingxenye zensimbi zingaphansi kwentela engu-50% yeSigaba 232 kodwa azikhokhiswa "intela yokubuyisana". Izingxenye ezingezona ezensimbi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zidinga ukukhokha "intela yokubuyisana" (kufaka phakathi intela eyisisekelo engu-10%, intela ehlobene ne-fentanyl engu-20%, njll.) kodwa azikho ngaphansi kwentela yeSigaba 232. Lokhu "kuphathwa kokwehluka" kubeka imikhiqizo yemishini yasekhaya enokuqukethwe kwensimbi okuhlukile ezingcindezini ezahlukene zezindleko.
I. Umbono Ngedatha Yokuhweba: Ukubaluleka Kwemakethe Yase-US Yezinto Zasekhaya ZaseShayina
Njengesikhungo somhlaba wonke sokukhiqiza izinto zikagesi zasekhaya, iShayina ithumela ngaphandle inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo ehilelekile e-US. Idatha yango-2024 ikhombisa ukuthi:
Inani lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamafriji namafriji (kufaka phakathi izingxenye) e-US lifinyelele ku-3.16 billion zamadola aseMelika, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-20.6%. I-US ibike u-17.3% wenani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwalesi sigaba, okwenza kube yimakethe enkulu kunazo zonke.
Inani lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwama-oven kagesi e-US lalingamaRandi ayizigidigidi eziyi-1.58, okwenza u-19.3% wenani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kanti inani lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe lenyuke ngo-18.3% unyaka nonyaka.
Umshini wokulahla imfucuza yasekhishini uncike kakhulu emakethe yase-US, lapho u-48.8% wenani lokuthumela ngaphandle ligeleza liye e-US, kanti umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle ungaba ngu-70.8% wenani lomhlaba wonke.
Uma sibheka ukuthambekela kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2024, ngaphandle kwama-oven kagesi, amanani okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezinye izigaba ezihilelekile e-US abonise ukuthambekela okukhuphukayo okushintshashintshayo, okubonisa ngokugcwele ukubaluleka kwemakethe yase-US emabhizinisini emishini yasekhaya yaseShayina.
II. Ungabala Kanjani Izindleko? Okuqukethwe Kwensimbi Kunquma Ukwenyuka Kwentela
Umthelela wokulungiswa kwentela emabhizinisini ekugcineni ubonakala ekubalweni kwezindleko. Thatha isiqandisi esenziwe eShayina esinezindleko zamadola ayi-100 aseMelika njengesibonelo:
Uma insimbi ibiza u-30% (okungukuthi, amadola aseMelika angu-30), kanti ingxenye engeyona insimbi ibiza u-70 wamadola aseMelika;
Ngaphambi kokulungiswa, intela yayingu-55% (kufaka phakathi "intela yokushintshana", "intela ehlobene ne-fentanyl", "intela yesigaba 301");
Ngemva kokulungiswa, ingxenye yensimbi idinga ukuthwala intela eyengeziwe yeSigaba 232 esingu-50%, futhi intela iyonke ikhuphukela ku-67%, okwandisa izindleko ngeyunithi ngayinye cishe ngamadola aseMelika ayi-12.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma okuqukethwe kwensimbi komkhiqizo kuphakeme, kulapho umthelela uba mkhulu khona. Kuzinto zasekhaya ezilula ezinokuqukethwe kwensimbi okungaba ngu-15%, ukwenyuka kwentela kulinganiselwe. Kodwa-ke, emikhiqizweni enokuqukethwe kwensimbi okuphezulu njengeziqandisi kanye nohlaka lwensimbi oluhlanganisiwe, ingcindezi yezindleko izokhuphuka kakhulu.
III. Ukusabela Kweketanga Eketanga Lezimboni: Kusukela Entengo Kuya Esakhiweni
Inqubomgomo yentela yase-US ibangela ukusabela okuningi kwechungechunge:
Emakethe yasekhaya yase-US, ukwanda kwezindleko zezinto zasekhaya ezingeniswayo kuzokhuphula ngqo intengo yokuthengisa, okungase kunciphise isidingo sabathengi.
Kumabhizinisi aseShayina, ngeke nje kuphela ancishiswe inzuzo yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, kodwa futhi kudingeka abhekane nengcindezi evela kubancintisani abafana neMexico. Isabelo sezinto zasekhaya ezifanayo ezingeniswe yi-US zivela eMexico ekuqaleni sasiphezulu kuneseShayina, futhi inqubomgomo yentela inomthelela ofanayo emabhizinisini avela kuwo womabili la mazwe.
Kuchungechunge lwezimboni lomhlaba wonke, ukuqina kwezithiyo zokuhweba kungaphoqa amabhizinisi ukuthi alungise ukwakheka kwamandla awo okukhiqiza. Isibonelo, ukusungula amafektri eNyakatho Melika ukuze kugwenywe intela kuzokwandisa ubunzima kanye nezindleko zochungechunge lokuhlinzeka.
VI. Impendulo Yebhizinisi: Indlela Esuka Ekuhloleni Kuya Esenzweni
Ebhekene nezinguquko zenqubomgomo, amabhizinisi aseShayina emishini yasekhaya angaphendula ngezici ezintathu:
Ubunjiniyela Bezindleko: Lungiselela isilinganiso sensimbi esetshenziswa emikhiqizweni, hlola ukushintshaniswa kwezinto ezilula, bese unciphisa isilinganiso sezingxenye zensimbi ukuze unciphise umthelela wentela.
Ukuhlukahluka Kwemakethe: Thuthukisa izimakethe ezisafufusa njengeNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kanye neMpumalanga Ephakathi ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncika emakethe yase-US.
Ukuxhumana Kwenqubomgomo: Qapha ngokucophelela intuthuko elandelayo "yenqubo yokufaka" yase-US, bonisa izidingo ngezinhlangano zezimboni (njenge-Home Appliance Branch ye-China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products), futhi ulwele ukwehliswa kwentela ngeziteshi ezihambisanayo.
Njengabadlali ababalulekile embonini yemishini yasekhaya yomhlaba wonke, izimpendulo zamabhizinisi aseShayina azigcini nje ngokuphathelene nokusinda kwawo kodwa futhi zizothinta indlela yokwakha kabusha uchungechunge lokuhweba ngemishini yasekhaya emhlabeni wonke. Ngokwesimo sokulungiswa kwezingxabano zokuhweba, ukulungisa amasu ngendlela eguquguqukayo nokuqinisa ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kungaba yisihluthulelo sokubhekana nokungaqiniseki.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-04-2025 Ukubukwa: