Iliphi izwe elinikeza amakhabethe eziphuzo ezitolo ezinkulu ashibhile kwamanye amazwe?

Amakhabethe okubonisa iziphuzo zezentengiso ezitolo ezinkulu abhekana nokukhula kokuthengisa okuqhubekayo emhlabeni wonke, ngezintengo ezihlukayo kumabhrendi wonkana kanye nekhwalithi yempahla engahambisani nokusebenza kokupholisa. Kuma-chain operators, ukukhetha amayunithi esiqandisi angabizi kakhulu kuseyinselele. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, senze ukuhlaziya okuqhathanisayo emazweni amane ahlukene angenisayo, sinikeza izinkomba zezindleko zemakethe ukuze sisize abasebenzisi benze izinqumo ezifanele.

1. Okokuqala, isiphetho: lapho ucabangela imishini engenalutho, i-China inikeza isilinganiso esihle kakhulu sokusebenza kwezindleko; uma kucutshungulwa izindleko eziphelele, amanye amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia abiza kakhulu.

Abathekelisi abaningi bagxile kuphela 'entengo yeyunithi yezinto zokusebenza,' kodwa izindleko zangempela zokufika zilingana nenani lomshini ongenalutho kanye nezintela, impahla, imvume yempahla, kanye nezindleko zokuthobela umthetho. Kukhona umehluko omkhulu ezinzuzweni emazweni onkana. Nali ithebula lokuqhathanisa eliqondile (idatha yakamuva kusukela ngo-2025):

2. Kungani umshini waseChina ongenalutho ushibhe kakhulu? Kodwa abanye abantu bakhetha ukukhetha ukungenisa kwe-Southeast Asian?

1. "Ingqondo yentengo ephansi" yaseChina: uchungechunge lokunikezela + nomphumela wesikali

I-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni wemishini yesiqandisi ethengiswayo, enemikhiqizo efana ne-Haier ne-KingsBottle ebalwa ngaphezu kuka-30% wesabelo semakethe yomhlaba wonke. Inzuzo yezindleko ivela emaphuzwini amabili:

• Ukuvuthwa kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngomfula: izinga lokwenziwa kwasendaweni lezingxenye eziyinhloko ezifana ne-compressor kanye nongqimba lwe-insulation ngu-90%, futhi izindleko zokuthenga ziphansi ngo-25% kunalezo zase-Thailand;
• Izinzuzo zenqubomgomo: Amakhabethe eziphuzo ezonga amandla ahlangabezana nezindinganiso “zekhabhoni embaxambili” afanelekela ukuthola uxhaso lokuthumela ngaphandle luka-15% -20% oluvela kuhulumeni wase-China, ngalezi zinzuzo ziboniswa ngokuqondile enanini lomshini ongenalutho.

2. "Inzuzo Efihliwe" yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia: Izindleko + Nokugcina Isikhathi

Thatha amakhabethe eziphuzo ayi-10 angeniswe e-Indonesia njengesibonelo ukuze ubale izindleko zangempela:

• I-China yokungenisa: umshini ongenalutho 159 × 10 = 1590 + intela 10% (159) + ukuthunyelwa (i-Shanghai-Jakarta 800) + imvume yamasiko 200 = isamba esingu-2749;
• I-Thailand yokungenisa: Umshini ongenalutho 208×10=2080 + RCEP tariff 0 (i-Indonesia iyilungu le-ASEAN) + ukuthunyelwa (Bangkok-Jakarta 300) + imvume yamasiko 150 = isamba se-$ 2530;

Umphumela: Ukuthengwa kwe-Thailand kwamanye amazwe ishibhe ngo-8% kune-China, okuwumlingo “wokuncishiswa kwentela + ezokuthutha olwandle”.

3. Ukugwema Izingozi Ezingenisiwe: Amathiphu angu-3 Okonga Izindleko Abaluleke Kakhulu Kunokuba 'Ukukhethwa Kwezwe'

1. Qala uhlole “imithetho yentela” yezwe okuhlosiwe ngaphambi kokukhetha amanani aphansi ngobumpumputhe

• Sebenzisa amakhodi e-HS (ikhabhinethi yesiphuzo ikhodi ye-HS: 8418.61) ukuze uhlole amanani entengo: isibonelo, uma ithunyelwa e-Australia, imikhiqizo yase-China ikhonjelwe ku-5% yentela, kuyilapho imikhiqizo yase-Thai ikhululiwe ku-0 ngenxa ye-RCEP. Kulokhu, ukukhetha iThailand kubiza kakhulu.
• Ukugwema “imisebenzi emelene nokulahlwa kwempahla”: I-US ibeke imisebenzi emelene nokulahla (kufika ku-25%) kwezinye izinto zokusebenza zesiqandisi ezivela e-China. Uma uqondise imakethe yase-US, cabanga “ngezingxenye zase-China + ne-Mexico assembly” (ukujabulela amanani entengo angu-0 ngaphansi kweSivumelwano sase-US-Mexico-Canada).
• Ukuthengwa kwenqwaba (≥5 amayunithi): Khetha impahla yasolwandle yeziqukathi ezigcwele (iziqukathi ezingamamitha angu-40 zingabamba amayunithi angu-20, nezindleko zokuthumela ezisuka e-Shanghai ziye e-Europe ezisukela ku-2000-3000, okulinganiselwa ku-100-150 kuphela ngeyunithi ngayinye ngemva kokwabiwa kwezindleko).
• Ukugcwaliswa kabusha kweqoqo elincane: Khetha ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL (Ngaphansi Komthwalo Wesitsha), ngamanani asuselwa kuvolumu (100-200 CNY/CBM), enikeza ukonga kwezindleko okungu-80% uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthuthwa emoyeni.
• Qaphela inkokhiso eyengeziwe: Ngesikhathi sesizini ephezulu (Juni-Agasti), ukuthunyelwa kungase kungenise u-10% -20% we-PSS owengeziwe (inhlawulo yesizini ephezulu). Kuyalulekwa ukuthi uthenge ngezikhathi ze-off-peak.
• Imakethe ye-EU: kufanele ihambisane nemithetho ye-Ecodesign (ukusebenza kahle kwamandla A+ noma ngaphezulu), abakhiqizi baseShayina badinga ukusebenzisa i-$2000 eyengeziwe ukuze bathole isitifiketi, kuyilapho abakhiqizi baseThailand/Malaysian beza nesitifiketi sendawo;
• Emakethe yase-US, imikhiqizo kufanele ihlangabezane kokubili amazinga okusebenza kahle kwamandla e-DOE kanye nesitifiketi sokuxhumana nokudla kwe-FDA (2000-5000), ngalezi zindleko zifakwe kwisabelomali esiphelele.
• Imakethe yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia: Amanye amazwe adinga 'amalebula endawo' (isb, isitifiketi se-SNI yase-Indonesia). Abahlinzeki kufanele baqedele lokhu kusenesikhathi ukuze bagweme ukubambezeleka kwempahla (izimali zokuvalela iziqukathi: 100-300 ngosuku).

2. Ukukhetha indlela efanele yokuthutha kungonga u-30% wezindleko

3. Ungazibi “izindleko zokuthobela umthetho”, kungenjalo umkhiqizo ungase ubuyiselwe

IV. Iziphakamiso Ezisebenzayo: Ungakhetha kanjani ezimeni ezahlukene?

1. Izitolo ezinkulu ezincane (ivolumu yokuthenga ≤5 amayunithi): beka phambili ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi okwenziwe e-China + okokuthutha eduze nezwe okuyiwa kulo (isb., ukuhamba kwe-China ukuya e-Malaysia, ukujabulela amanani e-RCEP), nezindleko eziphelele ngo-15% eziphansi kunokuthunyelwa okuqondile;
2. Izitolo ezinkulu ze-chain (ukuthenga inani ≥20 amayunithi): Xhumana ngokuqondile nezimboni zase-China ukuze wenze ngokwezifiso (njengokwengeza ama-LOGO omkhiqizo, ukulungisa ubude beshalofu), ngesaphulelo esingeziwe esingu-10% kumanani wenqwaba, kuyilapho ukhiyelwa amanani okuthumela ezitsheni ezigcwele;
3. Izitolo ezinkulu ezisezingeni eliphezulu (ukuphishekela ikhwalithi): Khetha “Izingxenye eziyinhloko zase-China + i-European assembly” (njenge-China compressor + German assembly), egwema amanani entengo aphezulu futhi engaphatha ilebula ethi “Made in Europe”.

'Ukufinyeleleka' kwamakhabethe esiphuzo angenisiwe akunqunywa ngentengo yomshini ongenalutho kuphela, kodwa ngenhlanganisela efanele 'yemishini engenalutho + amanani + ezokuthutha + nokuthobelana'.

• Uma izwe okuhlosiwe lingenazo izintela eziphezulu e-China: khetha i-China (inkosi yokusebenza kwezindleko);
• Ezimakethe ezibuswa ngamalungu e-RCEP, beka phambili i-Thailand ne-Malaysia ngentela yazo kanye nezinzuzo zesikhathi sokulethwa.
• Ukuze uthole ukubukeka okuphezulu, khetha umhlangano waseYurophu (nakuba isabelomali sizophinda kabili).

Kutuswa ukuchitha izinsuku ezingu-1-2 ucwaninga amanani entengo yezwe okuhlosiwe nezimfuneko zesitifiketi kuqala. Bese, thintana okungenani nabahlinzeki abathathu ukuze uthole 'isaphulelo sephakheji egcwele' (okuhlanganisa umshini ongenalutho, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla, imvume yentela, kanye nesitifiketi). Qhathanisa izingcaphuno ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda lakho—phela, izitolo ezinkulu zisebenza emaphethelweni amancane, futhi wonke amasenti abalulekile.