Yiliphi izwe elinikeza amakhabethe eziphuzo ashibhile avela ezitolo ezinkulu?

Amakhabethe okubonisa iziphuzo zezentengiselwano ezitolo ezinkulu akhula ngokuthengisa okuqhubekayo emhlabeni wonke, ngamanani ahlukahluka kuwo wonke amabhrendi kanye nekhwalithi yemishini engaguquki kanye nokusebenza kokupholisa. Kwabasebenza ngochungechunge lwezitolo, ukukhetha amayunithi okuqandisa angabizi kakhulu kusalokhu kuyinselele. Ukuze sibhekane nale nkinga, senze ukuhlaziya okuqhathanisayo emazweni amane ahlukene angenisa impahla, sinikeza izinkomba zezindleko zemakethe ukusiza abasebenzisi ukuthi benze izinqumo ezifanele.

1. Okokuqala, isiphetho: uma ucabangela imishini engenalutho, iShayina inikeza isilinganiso esihle kakhulu sokusebenza kwezindleko; uma ucabangela izindleko eziphelele, amanye amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia asebenzisa imali kahle kakhulu.

Abathumeli abaningi bagxila kuphela 'entengo yeyunithi yemishini,' kodwa izindleko zangempela zokufika zilingana nentengo yomshini ongenalutho kanye nentela, imithwalo, ukusulwa kwempahla, kanye nemali yokuthobela imithetho. Kukhona umehluko omkhulu ezinzuzweni kuwo wonke amazwe. Nasi ithebula lokuqhathanisa ngqo (idatha yakamuva kusukela ngo-2025):

2. Kungani umshini ongenalutho waseShayina ushibhile kakhulu? Kodwa abanye abantu bakhetha ukukhetha ukungenisa impahla eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia?

1. "Indlela enengqondo yentengo ephansi" yaseShayina: umphumela wochungechunge lokuhlinzeka + isikali

IShayina ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni wemishini yokuqandisa yezentengiselwano, kanti imikhiqizo efana neHaier neKingsBottle ibamba ngaphezu kuka-30% wesabelo semakethe yomhlaba wonke. Inzuzo yezindleko ivela ezintweni ezimbili:

• Ukuvuthwa kochungechunge lokuphakelwa oluphezulu: izinga lokufakwa kwendawo kwezingxenye eziyinhloko njenge-compressor kanye nesendlalelo sokufaka ugesi lingama-90%, kanti izindleko zokuthenga ziphansi ngo-25% kunalezo zaseThailand;
• Izinzuzo zenqubomgomo: Amakhabethe eziphuzo asebenzisa amandla ngendlela eyongayo ahlangabezana nezindinganiso "zekhabhoni ephindwe kabili" afanelekela uxhaso lwezimali zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe oluyi-15%-20% oluvela kuhulumeni waseShayina, kanti lezi zinzuzo zibonakala ngqo entengo yomshini ongenalutho.

2. “Inzuzo Efihliwe” YaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia: Intela + Ukuhambisana Nesikhathi

Thatha amakhabethe eziphuzo ayi-10 angeniswe e-Indonesia njengesibonelo ukuze ubale izindleko zangempela:

• Ukungenisa eShayina: umshini ongenalutho 159×10=1590 + intela 10%(159) + ukuthunyelwa (eShanghai-Jakarta 800) + imvume yamasiko 200 = inani eliphelele 2749;
• Ukungenisa eThailand: Umshini ongenalutho 208×10=2080 + intela ye-RCEP 0 (i-Indonesia iyilungu le-ASEAN) + ukuthunyelwa (iBangkok-Jakarta 300) + imvume yamasiko 150 = isamba esingu-$2530;

Umphumela: Ukungenisa eThailand kushibhile ngo-8% kuneShayina, okuwumlingo "wokunciphisa intela + ukuthuthwa kolwandle".

3. Ukugwema Izingibe Ezivela Kumazwe Angaphandle: Amathiphu Amathathu Okonga Izindleko Abaluleke Kakhulu Kunokukhethwa Kwezwe

1. Okokuqala hlola "imithetho yentela" yezwe eliqondiwe ngaphambi kokukhetha amanani aphansi ngokunganaki

• Sebenzisa amakhodi e-HS (ikhodi ye-HS yekhabhinethi yeziphuzo: 8418.61) ukuhlola amanani: isibonelo, uma kungeniswa e-Australia, imikhiqizo yaseShayina ikhokhiswa intela engu-5%, kuyilapho imikhiqizo yaseThailand ikhululiwe ku-0 ngenxa ye-RCEP. Kulokhu, ukukhetha iThailand kuyabiza kakhulu.
• Ukugwema "imisebenzi yokulwa nokulahla imfucuza": I-US ibeke imithwalo yokulwa nokulahla imfucuza (efinyelela ku-25%) kweminye imishini yokuqandisa evela eShayina. Uma uhlose imakethe yase-US, cabanga "ngezingxenye zaseShayina + ukuhlanganiswa kweMexico" (ujabulela amanani angu-0 ngaphansi kweSivumelwano sase-US-Mexico-Canada).
• Ukuthengwa ngobuningi (≥amayunithi angu-5): Khetha imithwalo yolwandle yezitsha ezigcwele (izitsha ezingamafidi angu-40 zingathwala amayunithi angu-20, kanti izindleko zokuthumela zisuka eShanghai ziye eYurophu zisukela ku-2000-3000, isilinganiso esingu-100-150 kuphela ngeyunithi ngayinye ngemva kokwabiwa kwezindleko).
• Ukugcwalisa kabusha kweqembu elincane: Khetha ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL (Okungaphansi Komthwalo Wesitsha), ngentengo esekelwe kumthamo (100-200 CNY/CBM), okunikeza ukonga okungu-80% kwezindleko uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthunyelwa ngendiza.
• Qaphela inkokhelo eyengeziwe: Ngesikhathi sesizini esimatasa (uJuni-Agasti), ukuthunyelwa kungase kubangele i-PSS eyengeziwe engu-10%-20% (inkokhelo eyengeziwe yesizini esimatasa). Kunconywa ukuthi uthenge ngezikhathi ezingematasa.
• Imakethe ye-EU: kumele ihambisane nemithethonqubo ye-Ecodesign (ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla A+ noma ngaphezulu), abakhiqizi baseShayina badinga ukusebenzisa u-$2000 owengeziwe ukuthola isitifiketi, kuyilapho abakhiqizi baseThailand/Malaysia befika nesitifiketi sendawo;
• Emakethe yase-US, imikhiqizo kumele ihlangabezane nezindinganiso zokusebenzisa kahle amandla ze-DOE kanye nesitifiketi sokuxhumana kokudla se-FDA (2000-5000), kanti lezi zindleko zifakwa kwisabelomali esiphelele.
• Imakethe yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia: Amanye amazwe adinga 'amalebula okwenziwa kwendawo' (isb., isitifiketi se-SNI sase-Indonesia). Abahlinzeki kufanele bagcwalise lokhu kusenesikhathi ukuze bagweme ukubambezeleka kwentela (izimali zokuboshwa kwesitsha: 100-300 ngosuku).

2. Ukukhetha indlela efanele yokuhamba kungonga u-30% wezindleko

3. Ungawushayi indiva "izindleko zokuthobela imithetho", kungenjalo umkhiqizo ungabuyiselwa

IV. Iziphakamiso Eziwusizo: Ungakhetha kanjani ezimweni ezahlukene?

1. Izitolo ezinkulu ezincane (umthamo wokuthenga ≤ amayunithi angu-5): beka phambili ukuthunyelwa okunamakhonteyina okwenziwe eShayina + ukuthutha eduze kwezwe okuya kulo (isb., ukuthutha okuya eShayina kuya eMalaysia, ukujabulela amanani e-RCEP), ngezindleko eziphelele eziphansi ngo-15% kunokuthunyelwa okuqondile;
2. Izitolo ezinkulu ezinkulu (inani lokuthenga eliyi-≥20 amayunithi): Xhumana ngqo nezimboni zaseShayina ukuze wenze ngokwezifiso (njengokwengeza ama-LOGO omkhiqizo, ukulungisa ukuphakama kweshalofu), ngesaphulelo esengeziwe esingu-10% emananini amaningi, ngenkathi uvala amazinga okuthumela amabhodlela agcwele;
3. Izitolo ezinkulu ezisezingeni eliphezulu (ikhwalithi elandelwayo): Khetha “izingxenye eziyinhloko zaseShayina + i-European assembly” (njenge-China compressor + i-German assembly), egwema amanani aphezulu futhi ingaba nelebula elithi “Made in Europe”.

'Ukuthengeka' kwamakhabethe eziphuzo angeniswayo akunqunywa yintengo yomshini ongenalutho kuphela, kodwa yinhlanganisela engcono kakhulu 'yomshini ongenalutho + amanani + ezokuthutha + ukuthobela imithetho'.

• Uma izwe okuqondiswe kulo lingenazo izintela eziphezulu eShayina: khetha iShayina (inkosi yokusebenza kwezindleko);
• Ezimakethe ezilawulwa amalungu e-RCEP, beka phambili iThailand neMalaysia ngenxa yezinzuzo zabo zentela nesikhathi sokulethwa.
• Ukuze uthole ukubukeka okuhle kakhulu, khetha ukuhlanganiswa kweYurophu (yize isabelomali sizophindeka kabili).

Kunconywa ukuthi uchithe izinsuku ezi-1-2 ucwaninga ngezimali zezwe okuqondiwe kanye nezidingo zesitifiketi. Bese, xhumana okungenani nabaphakeli abathathu ukuze uthole 'isilinganiso sephakheji ephelele' (kufaka phakathi umshini ongenalutho, ukuthunyelwa, ukukhishwa kwempahla yamasiko, kanye nesitifiketi). Qhathanisa izingcaphuno ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda lakho—phela, izitolo ezinkulu zisebenza ngamanani amancane, futhi yonke imali ibalulekile.