A cikin ci gaban da ake samu a harkokin kasuwancin duniya, harkokin fitar da manyan firiji suna da yawa. Ga kamfanoni da yawa da ke aiki a fannin fitar da firiji da kuma abokan ciniki masu buƙatar siyayya masu dacewa, fahimtar lokacin da ake buƙata don fitar da manyan kayayyaki zuwa ƙasashe daban-daban yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Wannan lokaci ba wai kawai yana shafar tsarin samar da kayayyaki ba ne, har ma yana da alaƙa da fannoni kamar kula da farashin kamfanoni da gamsuwar abokan ciniki. Na gaba, za mu yi nazari sosai kan muhimman abubuwan da ke shafar lokacin jigilar manyan firiji kuma mu gabatar da cikakken bayani game da lokacin da ake buƙata don fitar da manyan firiji zuwa wasu manyan ƙasashe.
I. Muhimman Abubuwan da ke Shafar Lokacin Sufuri na Fitar da Manyan Firji
1. Bambance-bambance a hanyoyin sufuri
(1) Jigilar kaya ta ruwa:
Yana da fa'idodi masu yawa na babban adadin kaya da ƙarancin farashi, amma saurin jigilar sa yana da jinkiri kaɗan. Gabaɗaya, ga jigilar kwantena na yau da kullun, farawa daga lokacin da aka ɗora kayan a kan jirgin a tashar tashi har zuwa lokacin da aka sauke su a tashar da za a je, wannan tsari na iya ɗaukar kwanaki 15 zuwa 45, ya danganta da abubuwa daban-daban kamar nisan da ke tsakanin tashar tashi da tashar da za a je, yawan cunkoson hanyar jigilar kaya, da kuma ko ana buƙatar jigilar kaya a tsakiyar hanya. Misali, idan jigilar kaya daga China zuwa gabar tekun yamma na Amurka, a cikin yanayi na yau da kullun, lokacin jigilar kaya yana kimanin kwanaki 15 zuwa 25; idan jigilar kaya zuwa gabar gabashin Amurka, saboda tsawon nisan da kuma yiwuwar buƙatar wucewa ta hanyar Panama Canal, za a tsawaita lokacin jigilar kaya zuwa kwanaki 25 zuwa 35.
(2) Jigilar jiragen sama
Babban fasalinsa shine gudu. Gabaɗaya yana tallafawa jigilar ƙananan firiji, amma ba zai yiwu ga manyan injina ba. Tsarin daga lokacin da aka kawo kayan zuwa kamfanin jirgin sama har zuwa lokacin da aka sauke su a filin jirgin sama da za a kai su zai ɗauki kwana 1-7 ne kawai. Wannan zaɓi ne mai kyau ga abokan ciniki waɗanda ke buƙatar kayan cikin gaggawa ko kuma don wasu oda na musamman waɗanda ke da buƙatar lokaci mai yawa. Duk da haka, jigilar jiragen sama yana da tsada sosai, kuma ga manyan injina, waɗanda suke da girma da nauyi, kamfanonin jiragen sama na iya samun wasu ƙuntatawa dangane da shirya sararin samaniya. Misali, yawanci yana ɗaukar kwanaki 3-5 don jigilar manyan injina daga China zuwa Turai, amma idan lokacin sufuri ne ko kuma akwai yanayi na musamman a cikin ayyukan filin jirgin sama, ana iya jinkirta lokacin sufuri.
(3) Sufurin ƙasa
Tsakanin ƙasashe maƙwabta ko kuma a wasu yankuna da ke da cikakken hanyar sufuri ta ƙasa, sufurin ƙasa shi ma zaɓi ne don fitar da manyan kayayyaki. Ga manyan firiji, jigilar ƙasa ta manyan motoci yana buƙatar. Lokacin jigilar ƙasa ya bambanta dangane da nisan da yanayin hanya, yawanci yana ɗaukar kimanin kwana 1 - 10. Misali, idan jigilar manyan firiji daga China zuwa wasu ƙasashen kudu maso gabashin Asiya ta hanya ko layin dogo, idan hanyar sufuri ta yi santsi, zai iya ɗaukar kwanaki 3 - 5 kawai kafin isa. Duk da haka, idan akwai hanyoyin share kan iyakoki masu wahala, gina hanya, da sauransu, lokacin jigilar na iya ƙaruwa sosai.
2. Ingancin share kwastam na ƙasar da za a je
Kasashen da suka ci gaba: A ƙasashe masu ci gaba kamar Amurka, Birtaniya, da Jamus, tsarin share fage na kwastam yana da daidaito kuma yana da inganci. Gabaɗaya, a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan cikakkun takardu da sanarwa masu kyau, lokacin share fage na kwastam don kayan jigilar kaya na teku yawanci yana aiki ne tsakanin kwanaki 2 zuwa 5, kuma ga kayan jigilar kaya na sama yana aiki ne daga kwanaki 1 zuwa 3. Idan aka ɗauki Amurka a matsayin misali, ga kayan jigilar kaya na teku, yawanci yana ɗaukar kwanaki 2 zuwa 5 daga ƙaddamar da cikakkun takardu kafin a saki su; ga kayan jigilar kaya na sama, yawanci yana ɗaukar kwanaki 1 zuwa 3 don kammala share fage na kwastam. Duk da haka, idan akwai kurakurai ko rashin tabbas a cikin bayanin bayyana kayan, ko kuma idan kwastam ta duba kayan bazuwar kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike, za a tsawaita lokacin share fage na kwastam daidai gwargwado, wataƙila ya kai kwanaki 7 zuwa 10 ko ma fiye da haka.
Kasashe Masu tasowa: Saboda dalilai kamar tsarin kwastam mara kyau da kuma rashin ingantattun kayayyakin more rayuwa a kasashe masu tasowa, ingancin kwastam na iya zama ƙasa. Lokacin kwastam na iya ɗaukar kwanaki 3-10, kuma a wasu lokuta na musamman, yana iya wuce kwanaki 10. Misali, a wasu ƙasashen Afirka, hanyoyin kwastam suna da wahala, sake duba takardu yana da tsauri, kuma akwai matsaloli kamar rashin isasshen ma'aikata, wanda ke haifar da dogon lokacin da kayayyaki ke tsayawa a kwastam. Bugu da ƙari, manufofin kwastam na wasu ƙasashe masu tasowa na iya zama ba su da tabbas kuma ana iya gyara su a kowane lokaci, wanda hakan kuma yana kawo rashin tabbas ga aikin kwastam kuma yana ƙara tsawaita lokacin sufuri.
4.Tasirin lokutta na musamman da na gaggawa
Ranakun Hutu:A wasu muhimman bukukuwa, ingancin aikin sufuri da kuma share fage na kwastam a ƙasar da za a tashi da kuma ƙasar da za a je zai shafi. Misali, a lokacin bukukuwan ƙasashen yamma kamar Kirsimeti da Sabuwar Shekara, da kuma bikin bazara a China, a waɗannan lokutan, ma'aikatan kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki suna ɗaukar hutu, kuma ana daidaita lokutan aiki na kwastam daidai da haka, wanda ke haifar da raguwar jigilar kayayyaki da share fage na kwastam. Gabaɗaya ana ba da shawarar a shirya fitar da kayayyaki makonni 2-3 kafin lokacin waɗannan bukukuwan don guje wa jinkiri mai yawa a lokacin sufuri.
Daidaita manufofin ciniki:Canje-canje a manufofin kasuwanci na ƙasashe daban-daban suna da tasiri kai tsaye kan lokacin jigilar manyan firinji. Lokacin da ƙasar da za ta je ta gabatar da sabbin manufofin kasuwanci, kamar ƙara haraji ko ƙara ƙuntatawa kan shigo da kaya, kamfanoni suna buƙatar lokaci don daidaitawa da daidaita takardu da hanyoyin sanarwa, wanda zai iya haifar da tsawaita lokacin share kwastam. Misali, idan wata ƙasa ta aiwatar da sabbin buƙatun takaddun shaida na ingantaccen makamashi don firiji da aka shigo da su, kamfanin da ke fitar da kaya yana buƙatar sake shirya kayan takaddun shaida masu dacewa, kuma kwastam ɗin yana buƙatar sake duba waɗannan kayan, wanda babu shakka zai ƙara lokacin share kwastam.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙarfi:Faɗuwar abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi kamar bala'o'i na halitta, yaƙe-yaƙe, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na lafiyar jama'a za su kawo cikas ga harkokin sufuri na duniya. Misali, guguwar da ba zato ba tsammani na iya haifar da rufe tashar jiragen ruwa na tsawon kwanaki da dama, wanda hakan zai sa ba zai yiwu a ɗora kaya a kan lokaci ba; rikice-rikicen yanki na iya shafar amincin hanyar sufuri, wanda hakan ke tilasta wa kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki su canza hanyar sufuri, don haka tsawaita lokacin sufuri.
II. Kimanin Lokacin da ake buƙata don Fitar da Manyan Kayan Aikin Firji (Firiji, Firji) zuwa Manyan Kasashe
1. Aika zuwa Amurka
Jigilar jiragen ruwa:Idan aka tashi daga manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na China zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa a gabar tekun yamma na Amurka, kamar Los Angeles da Long Beach, a ƙarƙashin yanayin sufuri mai sauƙi kuma ba tare da la'akari da lokacin share kwastam ba, lokacin sufuri na teku yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 15 - 20. Idan aka haɗa lokacin share kwastam na yau da kullun na kwanaki 2 - 5 na aiki a Amurka, jimlar lokacin sufuri shine kimanin kwanaki 18 - 25. Idan aka jigilar zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa a gabar tekun gabas na Amurka, kamar New York da New Jersey, saboda tsawon nisan sufuri da yuwuwar buƙatar wucewa ta hanyar Panama Canal, lokacin sufuri na teku yawanci yakan ɗauki kwanaki 25 - 35. Idan aka haɗa lokacin share kwastam, jimlar tsawon lokacin sufuri shine kimanin kwanaki 28 - 40.
Jigilar jiragen sama:Daga manyan filayen jiragen sama na China zuwa manyan filayen jiragen sama a Amurka, kamar Filin Jirgin Sama na John F. Kennedy da ke New York da Filin Jirgin Sama na Duniya na Los Angeles, lokacin tashi yawanci yana ɗaukar kimanin awanni 12 zuwa 15. Idan aka haɗa lokacin aiki na kayan a ƙarshen filin jirgin da lokacin share kwastam (kwanaki 1 zuwa 3 na aiki), jimlar lokacin sufuri shine kimanin kwanaki 3 zuwa 5. Duk da haka, idan lokacin jigilar iska ne kuma sararin ɗakin jirgin ya yi ƙaranci, kayan na iya buƙatar yin layi don ɗaukar kaya, kuma ana iya tsawaita lokacin jigilar zuwa kwanaki 5 zuwa 7.
2. Fitar da kaya zuwa Burtaniya
Jigilar jiragen ruwa:Jigilar kayayyaki daga tashoshin jiragen ruwa na China zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Burtaniya, kamar Southampton da Felixstowe, tsawon lokacin jigilar kaya a teku yawanci kwanaki 25-35 ne. Ingancin kwastam na kwastam na Burtaniya yana da yawa. A ƙarƙashin cikakkun takardu da sanarwa masu kyau, lokacin jigilar kwastam yawanci kwanaki 2-4 ne na aiki. Saboda haka, jimillar lokacin jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Burtaniya ta teku yana kusan kwanaki 28-40. Wasu ƙwararrun masu samar da sabis na jigilar kaya, kamar Fengge International Logistics, suna ba da ayyukan LCL na jigilar kaya a teku na Burtaniya don jigilar kayan aiki da sauran kayayyaki masu girma, tare da ayyukan jigilar kaya sau biyu, gami da haraji, da kuma ayyukan ƙofa-zuwa-ƙofa, kuma lokacin isarwa shine kwanaki 20-25. Suna rage lokacin jigilar kaya zuwa wani mataki ta hanyar inganta hanyar jigilar kaya da kuma yin aiki tare da kamfanonin jigilar kaya.
Jigilar jiragen sama:Daga China zuwa manyan filayen jirgin sama a Burtaniya, kamar Filin Jirgin Sama na Heathrow na London, lokacin tashi yana ɗaukar kimanin awanni 10 zuwa 12. Idan aka haɗa da lokacin aiki da lokacin share fage na filin jirgin sama (kwanaki 1 zuwa 3 na aiki), jimillar lokacin sufuri shine kimanin kwanaki 3 zuwa 5. Kamar jigilar kaya ta teku, jigilar jiragen sama na iya fuskantar ƙarancin sararin ɗaki da tsawaita lokacin sufuri a lokacin lokacin da ake yawan zirga-zirga.
3. Fitar da kaya zuwa Kanada
Jigilar jiragen ruwa:Don jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Kanada, idan jigilar kaya zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa na yamma kamar Vancouver, teku - yawanci yana ɗaukar kwanaki 20 - 30. Tsarin share kwastan na kwastan na Kanada yana da daidaito, kuma lokacin share kwastan na yau da kullun shine kwanaki 2 - 5 na aiki. Don haka jimlar lokacin sufuri shine kimanin kwanaki 23 - 35. Idan jigilar kaya zuwa biranen gabas kamar Toronto da Montreal, saboda ƙaruwar nisan sufuri da yuwuwar jigilar kaya, za a tsawaita lokacin sufuri na teku zuwa kwanaki 30 - 40. Idan aka ƙara lokacin share kwastan, jimlar tsawon lokacin sufuri shine kimanin kwanaki 33 - 45. Wasu layukan jigilar kaya na musamman, kamar layin jigilar kaya na gida - na kayan aiki na teku - zuwa Kanada, na iya isar da firiji da sauran kayan aikin gida zuwa Vancouver cikin kwanaki 30, kuma yana ɗaukar kwanaki 35 - 45 ga birane kamar Toronto da Montreal. Hakanan suna ba da sabis na share kwastan biyu - na kwastam - na haraji - na haɗa haraji - na ƙofa zuwa ƙofa, wanda ya shafi manyan birane kamar Calgary da Ottawa.
Jigilar jiragen sama:Daga China zuwa manyan filayen jirgin sama a Kanada, kamar Filin Jirgin Sama na Duniya na Toronto Pearson da Filin Jirgin Sama na Duniya na Vancouver, lokacin tashi yana ɗaukar kimanin awanni 12 zuwa 15. Idan aka haɗa da lokacin aiki da lokacin share fage na filin jirgin sama (kwanaki 1 zuwa 3 na aiki), jimillar lokacin sufuri yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 3 zuwa 5. Amma har yanzu ana buƙatar a lura da tasirin lokacin sufuri mafi girma.
4. Fitar da kaya zuwa Ostiraliya
Jigilar kaya ta jiragen ruwa: Jigilar kaya daga tashoshin jiragen ruwa na China zuwa manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Australiya, kamar Sydney da Melbourne, galibin lokacin sufuri na teku yana tsakanin kwanaki 15 zuwa 25. Kwastam na Australiya yana da ƙa'idodin dubawa da keɓewa masu tsauri ga kayayyakin da aka shigo da su daga ƙasashen waje, kuma lokacin share kaya na kwastam yawanci yana tsakanin kwanaki 3 zuwa 7 na aiki. Saboda haka, jimillar lokacin sufuri don fitarwa zuwa Ostiraliya ta teku shine kimanin kwanaki 18 zuwa 32. A lokacin jigilar kaya, kayan suna buƙatar cika ƙa'idodin samfura da buƙatun kare muhalli na Ostiraliya; in ba haka ba, suna iya fuskantar cikas ga share kaya na kwastam, wanda hakan zai ƙara tsawaita lokacin sufuri.
Jirgin Sama: Daga manyan filayen jirgin saman China zuwa manyan filayen jirgin saman Ostiraliya, lokacin tashi yana ɗaukar kimanin awanni 8 zuwa 10. Idan aka haɗa da lokacin aiki da lokacin share fage na filin jirgin sama (kwanaki 1 zuwa 3 na aiki), jimillar lokacin sufuri yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 3 zuwa 5. Kamar sauran ƙasashe, kodayake jigilar jiragen sama tana da lokaci mai yawa, farashin kuma yana da tsada, kuma kamfanoni suna buƙatar yin zaɓi bisa ga buƙatunsu.
5. Fitar da kaya zuwa wasu ƙasashe da yankuna
(1) Fitar da kaya zuwa wasu ƙasashen Turai:
Idan aka ɗauki Jamus a matsayin misali, ga jigilar kaya ta teku daga China zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Jamus, kamar Hamburg da Bremen, lokacin jigilar kaya ta teku yawanci yana tsakanin kwanaki 25 zuwa 35, kuma lokacin kwastam yana tsakanin kwanaki 2 zuwa 5 na aiki. Jimillar lokacin jigilar kaya shine kimanin kwanaki 28 zuwa 40. Idan aka yi jigilar su ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa, daga wasu tashoshin jiragen ƙasa na China zuwa Turai a China zuwa Jamus, lokacin jigilar kaya yana tsakanin kwanaki 12 zuwa 18. Duk da haka, ƙarfin jigilar kaya ta jirgin ƙasa yana da iyaka, kuma shirin jigilar kaya na iya shafar abubuwa kamar gyaran layi da tsara jadawalin aiki. Lokacin jigilar kaya ta jirgin sama zuwa Jamus yayi kama da na sauran ƙasashen Turai, kimanin kwanaki 3 zuwa 5.
(2) A fitar da kaya zuwa wasu ƙasashen Asiya:
Lokacin da ake fitarwa zuwa Japan, don jigilar kaya ta teku daga tashoshin jiragen ruwa na China zuwa manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Japan, kamar Tokyo da Osaka, lokacin jigilar kaya ta teku yawanci yana ɗaukar kwanaki 3-7, kuma lokacin jigilar kaya ta kwastam shine kwanaki 1-3 na aiki. Jimillar lokacin jigilar kaya zuwa Koriya ta Kudu yayi kama da haka. Lokacin jigilar kaya ta teku yawanci yana ɗaukar kwanaki 2-5, kuma lokacin jigilar kaya ta kwastam shine kwanaki 1-3 na aiki. Jimillar lokacin jigilar kaya zuwa Koriya ta Kudu kusan kwanaki 3-8 ne. Waɗannan ƙasashe biyu suna kusa da China, don haka lokacin jigilar kaya yana da ɗan gajeru, kuma tsarin jigilar kaya yana da ɗan girma, tare da isasshen lokacin jigilar kaya. Lokacin fitarwa zuwa wasu ƙasashen Asiya kamar Indiya, lokacin jigilar kaya ta teku na iya ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 10-20, kuma saboda sarkakiyar tsarin kwastam na Indiya, lokacin jigilar kaya ta kwastam na iya ɗaukar kwanaki 3-10. Jimillar lokacin jigilar kaya shine kimanin kwanaki 13-30.
(3) Fitar da kaya zuwa ƙasashen Afirka:
Saboda bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin ƙasashen Afirka game da kayayyakin more rayuwa da sufuri, lokacin sufurin ya bambanta sosai. Idan aka ɗauki Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin misali, jigilar kaya daga China zuwa manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Afirka ta Kudu, kamar Durban da Cape Town, lokacin sufuri na teku gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar kwanaki 30 - 45, kuma lokacin share kwastam na iya ɗaukar kwanaki 5 - 10 ko ma fiye da haka. Jimillar lokacin sufuri shine kimanin kwanaki 35 - 55. Ga wasu ƙasashe da ba a rufe ba, saboda buƙatar jigilar kaya ta biyu ta hanya ko layin dogo, lokacin sufuri zai fi tsayi, kuma akwai ƙarin abubuwan da ba a tabbatar ba yayin tsarin sufuri.
Lokacin da ake buƙata don fitar da manyan kayayyaki zuwa ƙasashe daban-daban yana shafar abubuwa daban-daban, ciki har da hanyoyin sufuri, ingancin share kwastam na ƙasar da za a je, da kuma lokaci na musamman da gaggawa. Lokacin da ake tsara kasuwancin fitar da manyan kayayyaki a cikin firiji, kamfanoni suna buƙatar yin la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan sosai, zaɓi hanyar sufuri mai kyau, da kuma yin aiki tare da ƙwararrun masu samar da kayayyaki don tabbatar da cewa kayan za su iya isa inda za su je a kan lokaci da aminci. A lokaci guda, ya kamata su kula sosai da canje-canje a cikin manufofin kasuwanci na ƙasashe daban-daban da kuma yanayin kasuwar jigilar kayayyaki ta duniya, kuma su ɗauki matakan rigakafi a gaba don rage haɗarin da tsawaita lokacin sufuri ke haifarwa. Ga abokan ciniki masu buƙatu na gaggawa, kodayake jigilar jiragen sama tana da tsada, tana iya biyan buƙatunsu na kan lokaci; yayin da ga yawancin oda na yau da kullun, jigilar jiragen ruwa shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don daidaita farashi da lokacin sufuri.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-08-2025 Ra'ayoyi: