Wace kasa ce ke bayar da manyan kantunan abin sha mai rahusa?

Akwatunan nunin abin sha na kasuwanci don manyan kantunan suna samun ci gaba na tallace-tallace na duniya, tare da farashi daban-daban na samfuran samfuran da rashin daidaituwar kayan aiki da aikin sanyaya. Ga masu gudanar da siyar da sarkar, zabar raka'o'in firiji masu tsadar gaske ya kasance kalubale. Don magance wannan batu, mun gudanar da nazarin kwatance a cikin ƙasashe masu shigo da kaya guda huɗu daban-daban, muna ba da bayanin farashin kasuwa don taimakawa masu amfani yin zaɓi mafi kyau.

1. Na farko, ƙarshe: lokacin yin la'akari da injuna maras kyau, kasar Sin tana ba da mafi kyawun ƙimar aiki; idan aka yi la'akari da jimlar farashin, wasu ƙasashen kudu maso gabashin Asiya sun fi tsada.

Yawancin masu shigo da kaya sun fi mayar da hankali ne kawai akan 'farashin kayan aiki', amma ainihin farashin ƙasa ya yi daidai da farashin injin da ba a saka ba tare da jadawalin kuɗin fito, jigilar kaya, izinin kwastam, da kuɗin biyan kuɗi. Akwai bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin fa'idodi a cikin ƙasashe. Anan ga tebur kwatanta kai tsaye (bayanan bayanai kamar na 2025):

2. Me yasa na'urar dandali ta kasar Sin ta fi arha? Amma wasu mutane sun gwammace su zaɓi shigo da daga kudu maso gabashin Asiya?

1. "Maganganun farashi mai rahusa" na kasar Sin: sarkar samarwa + tasirin sikelin

Kasar Sin ita ce kasa mafi girma a duniya wajen samar da kayan sanyi na kasuwanci, tare da kayayyaki irin su Haier da KingBottle sun kai sama da kashi 30% na kasuwar duniya. Amfanin farashi ya zo daga maki biyu:

• Balagawar sarkar samar da kayayyaki na sama: ƙimar gano ainihin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa kamar compressor da Layer Layer shine 90%, kuma farashin siyan ya ragu da kashi 25% fiye da na Thailand;
• Amfanin manufofi: Ma'aikatun abubuwan sha masu amfani da makamashi sun cika ka'idojin "carbon dual carbon" sun cancanci tallafin 15% -20% na fitar da kayayyaki daga gwamnatin kasar Sin, tare da fa'idodin sun bayyana kai tsaye cikin farashin injin.

2. “Boyayyen Riba” na Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya: Tariff + Lokaci

Ɗauki akwatunan abin sha 10 da aka shigo da su Indonesia a matsayin misali don ƙididdige farashi na gaske:

• China shigo da: danda inji 159 × 10 = 1590 + jadawalin kuɗin fito 10% (159) + shipping (Shanghai-Jakarta 800) + kwastan yarda 200 = jimlar 2749;
• Shigo da Thailand: Bare Machine 208 × 10 = 2080 + RCEP jadawalin kuɗin fito 0 (Indonesia memba ce ta ASEAN) + jigilar kaya (Bangkok-Jakarta 300) + izinin kwastam 150 = jimlar $ 2530;

Sakamako: Shigo da Thailand sun fi 8% rahusa fiye da China, wanda shine sihirin "rage yawan kuɗin fito + sufurin teku".

3. Gujewa Matsalolin Shiga: Hanyoyi 3 Masu Taimakawa Kuɗi Mafi Muhimmanci Fiye da 'Zaɓin Ƙasa'

1. Da farko bincika “dokokin kuɗin fito” na ƙasar da aka yi niyya kafin zabar ƙananan farashi a makance

• Yi amfani da lambobin HS (lambar majalisar HS na abin sha: 8418.61) don bincika jadawalin kuɗin fito: misali, lokacin da aka shigo da su Australia, samfuran China suna ƙarƙashin jadawalin kuɗin fito na 5%, yayin da samfuran Thai ke keɓance zuwa 0 saboda RCEP. A wannan yanayin, zaɓin Tailandia ya fi tsada.
• Gujewa "ayyukan hana zubar da jini": Amurka ta sanya takunkumin hana zubar da ruwa (har zuwa kashi 25 cikin dari) kan wasu na'urorin sanyaya jiki daga kasar Sin. Idan an yi niyya ga kasuwannin Amurka, yi la'akari da "ɓangarorin China + taro na Mexico" (jin daɗin kuɗin fito na 0 a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Amurka-Mexico-Kanada).
• Babban siyan (≥5 raka'a): Zabi jigilar kaya na teku don cikakkun kwantena (kwantena na ƙafa 40 na iya ɗaukar raka'a 20, tare da farashin jigilar kayayyaki daga Shanghai zuwa Turai daga 2000-3000, matsakaicin kawai 100-150 kowace naúrar bayan ƙaddamar da farashi).
• Ƙaramin-tsari: Zaɓi LCL (Ƙasa da Load ɗin Kwantena) jigilar kaya, tare da farashin tushen girma (100-200 CNY/CBM), yana ba da 80% tanadin farashi idan aka kwatanta da jigilar kaya.
• Lura da ƙarin cajin: A lokacin mafi girma (Yuni-Agusta), jigilar kaya na iya haifar da ƙarin 10% -20% PSS ( ƙarin cajin lokacin kakar). Yana da kyau a saya a lokacin lokutan da ba a kai ba.
• Kasuwar EU: dole ne ta bi ka'idodin Ecodesign (daidaitaccen makamashi A + ko sama), masana'antun China suna buƙatar kashe ƙarin $ 2000 don takaddun shaida, yayin da masana'antun Thai / Malaysia suka zo tare da takaddun gida;
• Ga kasuwannin Amurka, samfuran dole ne su cika duka ka'idodin ingancin makamashi na DOE da takardar shaidar tuntuɓar abinci ta FDA (2000-5000), tare da ƙididdige waɗannan farashin cikin jimlar kasafin kuɗi.
• Kasuwar Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya: Wasu ƙasashe suna buƙatar 'lakabi na wuri' (misali, takardar shedar SNI ta Indonesiya). Masu ba da kaya su kammala waɗannan a gaba don guje wa jinkirin kwastam (kuɗin tsarewar kwantena: 100-300 kowace rana).

2. Zaɓin yanayin sufuri mai kyau zai iya ajiye 30% na farashi

3. Kada ka yi watsi da "farashin yarda", in ba haka ba za'a iya dawo da samfurin

IV. Shawarwari Na Aiki: Yadda za a zaɓa a cikin yanayi daban-daban?

1. Ƙananan manyan kantunan (ƙaran siyan ≤5 raka'a): ba da fifikon jigilar kayayyaki da aka yi a China + jigilar kayayyaki kusa da ƙasar da aka nufa (misali, China zuwa Malaysia, jin daɗin kuɗin RCEP), tare da jimlar 15% ƙasa da jigilar kayayyaki kai tsaye;
2. Manyan kantunan sarkar (yawan sayan ≥20 raka'a): tuntuɓi masana'antun China kai tsaye don gyare-gyare (kamar ƙara alamar LOGOs, daidaita tsayin shelf), tare da ƙarin ragi na 10% akan farashi mai yawa, yayin kulle farashin jigilar kayayyaki don cikakkun kwantena;
3. Manyan kantunan manyan kantuna (neman inganci): Zaɓi “Cibiyar Abubuwan Sinanci + Taro na Turai” (kamar kwampreso na China + taron Jamus), wanda ke guje wa babban kuɗin fito kuma yana iya ɗaukar alamar “Made in Europe”.

An ƙayyade 'mai araha' na akwatunan kayan shaye-shaye da aka shigo da su ba ta hanyar farashin injin kawai ba, amma ta ingantacciyar haɗin 'na'urar dandali + jadawalin kuɗin fito + sufuri + yarda'.

• Idan kasar da aka yi niyya ba ta da babban haraji akan kasar Sin: zabi kasar Sin (sarkin aikin farashi);
• Don kasuwannin da membobin RCEP suka mamaye, ba da fifiko ga Thailand da Malaysia don fa'idodin jadawalin kuɗin fito da lokacin isarwa.
• Don babban kallo, zaɓi taron Turai (ko da yake kasafin kuɗi zai ninka).

Yana da kyau a ciyar da kwanaki 1-2 don bincika kuɗin kuɗin ƙasar da aka yi niyya da buƙatun takaddun shaida da farko. Sannan, tuntuɓi aƙalla masu samar da kayayyaki uku don 'cikakkiyar ƙimar fakiti' (ciki har da na'ura mara amfani, jigilar kaya, izinin kwastam, da takaddun shaida). Kwatanta ƙididdigan kafin sanya odar ku-bayan haka, manyan kantunan kantuna suna aiki akan sirara, kuma kowane dinari yana ƙidaya.