Cov neeg ua lag luam xa tawm cov txee dej haus ib lub qhov rooj mus rau EU nkag siab tias daim ntawv pov thawj CE yog "daim ntawv hla tebchaws" rau cov khoom lag luam nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam EU raws li txoj cai. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus neeg thov thawj zaug feem ntau ntsib kev ncua sijhawm ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj lossis txawm tias poob kev txiav txim vim yog cov ntaub ntawv tsis tiav lossis tsis ua raws li txoj cai. Qhov tseeb, los ntawm kev ua raws li txoj hauv kev zoo thiab npaj cov ntaub ntawv raws li daim ntawv teev npe, cov txheej txheem daim ntawv pov thawj tuaj yeem ua mus zoo.
Ua ntej, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias cov txee dej haus ib lub qhov rooj poob rau hauv cov khoom siv tub yees. Daim ntawv pov thawj CE yuav tsum ua raws li peb cov lus qhia tseem ceeb: Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Tsawg (LVD), Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Sib Txuas Lus Hluav Taws Xob (EMC), thiab Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Zoo (ERP). Cov khoom lag luam uas muaj cov tub yees kuj yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm FGas Regulation. Txhua cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau npaj ua raws li cov lus qhia no - tsis muaj kev zam.
I. Cov Ntaub Ntawv Tseem Ceeb: Cov Ntaub Ntawv Tseem Ceeb Tseem Ceeb, Tsis Muaj Dab Tsi Yuav Tsum Tsis Txhob Ua
Cov ntaub ntawv no yog lub hauv paus rau daim ntawv pov thawj CE. Txawm hais tias xaiv kev tshaj tawm tus kheej lossis daim ntawv pov thawj los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Tau Txais Kev Ceeb Toom, txhua yam khoom siv yuav tsum tau muab tag nrho thiab txheeb xyuas tias yog qhov tseeb thiab siv tau.
1. Cov Ntaub Ntawv Txog Kev Tsim Nyog ntawm Lub Tuam Txhab thiab Cov Ntaub Ntawv Txog Lub Koom Haum
Cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau txheeb xyuas lub tuam txhab txoj cai ua lag luam thiab kev muaj khoom lag luam kom tiv thaiv kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog kev txawj ntse. Lawv suav nrog:
Ib daim qauv ntawm daim ntawv tso cai ua lag luam ntawm lub tuam txhab (muaj lub cim lag luam raug cai), lees paub qhov kev lag luam suav nrog kev tsim khoom lossis muag khoom siv tub yees;
Daim ntawv pov thawj rau npe ua lag luam (yog siv tau), piav qhia meej txog kev muaj npe ntawm cov khoom lag luam kom tsis txhob muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua txhaum cai tom qab;
Cov Ntaub Ntawv Txog Tus Neeg Sawv Cev Uas Tau Tso Cai Los Ntawm EU (yuav tsum muaj rau cov tuam txhab uas tsis yog EU), suav nrog lub npe, chaw nyob, cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj, thiab daim ntawv cog lus tso cai ntawm tus neeg sawv cev. Qhov no ua pov thawj tseem ceeb rau cov neeg tswj hwm EU kom taug qab kev lav ris;
Daim Ntawv Thov Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj CE, xav kom ua tiav cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb xws li lub npe khoom, qauv, cov lus qhia, cov lus qhia siv tau, thiab cov qauv.
2. Cov Ntaub Ntawv Txog Kev Siv Tshuab (TCF): Lub Hauv Paus ntawm Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj qhia txog kev ua raws li cov qauv ntawm EU. Yuav tsum khaws cia tsawg kawg 10 xyoo rau kev tshuaj xyuas, vim tias cov tub ceev xwm tswj hwm ntawm EU tuaj yeem ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas txhua lub sijhawm. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj rau cov txee dej haus ib lub qhov rooj yuav tsum muaj cov hauv qab no:
Cov lus piav qhia txog cov khoom kom ntxaws: Muaj xws li lub npe khoom, tus qauv, kev ua haujlwm, kev siv, qhov chaw ua haujlwm (piv txwv li, qhov kub thiab txias thiab av noo), thiab qhia meej txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv hauv cov khoom lag luam (yog tias muaj);
Kev Tsim Qauv thiab Cov Duab Kos: Npog cov duab kos qauv kho tshuab, cov duab qhia hluav taws xob, cov qauv vaj huam sib luag tswj hwm, cov duab qhia txog lub tshuab txias, thiab lwm yam. Cov duab kos yuav tsum siv cov cim European, piav qhia meej txog qhov ntev, cov lej ntawm qhov chaw, thiab kev sib txuas. Yog tias cov duab kos tau sib koom ua ke ntawm ntau tus qauv, qhov no yuav tsum tau hais meej meej;
Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Cov Khoom Siv (BOM): Sau tag nrho cov khoom siv los ntawm lub npe, tus qauv, cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus neeg muag khoom. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb (piv txwv li, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv sib txuas, cov cav, cov compressors) thiab cov khoom siv tub yees, suav nrog cov lej daim ntawv pov thawj ua raws li txoj cai;
Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Pheej Hmoo: Txheeb xyuas cov kev pheej hmoo uas yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom thiab siv (piv txwv li, hluav taws xob poob siab, hluav taws kub, kev ntes ntawm lub tshuab, kev xau cov khoom txias) raws li EN ISO 12100, qhia txog cov kev ntsuas tswj kev pheej hmoo uas tau siv thiab cov txiaj ntsig txheeb xyuas;
Cov Ntaub Ntawv Txog Kev Tsim Khoom: Muab cov lus piav qhia txog kev tsim khoom, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj cov txheej txheem, thiab cov qauv tswj xyuas zoo los qhia txog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom uas tau teeb tsa zoo.
3. Cov Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Xeem Khoom: Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj Ua Raws Cai
Cov ntawv qhia txog kev xeem yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm cov chaw soj nstuam uas tau lees paub los ntawm EU (piv txwv li, TÜV, SGS) lossis Cov Koom Haum Tau Txais Kev Ceeb Toom, nrog rau cov khoom xeem uas phim cov lus qhia thiab cov qauv sib haum xeeb. Cov txee dej haus ib lub qhov rooj yuav tsum ua tiav cov kev xeem tseem ceeb hauv qab no thiab muab cov ntawv qhia:
Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Ntsuas Kev Nyab Xeeb Hluav Taws Xob Qis LVD: Raws li EN 60335-1 (Kev Nyab Xeeb Dav Dav rau Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Tsev) thiab EN 60335-2-24 (Cov Kev Cai Tshwj Xeeb rau Cov Khoom Siv Tub Yees). Cov khoom xeem suav nrog kev ntsuas hluav taws xob tiv taus rwb thaiv tsev (1500V / 1 feeb yam tsis muaj kev tawg), kev ntsuas tam sim no xau (≤0.75mA), thiab kev ntsuas kev sib txuas lus hauv av kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob;
Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Ntsuas Sib Xws ntawm EMC Electromagnetic: Raws li EN 55014-1 (Conducted Emissions) thiab EN 61000-3-2 (Harmonic Current), yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov kev txwv xws li kev tawg ≤30dBμV/m hauv 30MHz–1GHz band thiab compressor pib/nres voltage fluctuations ≤10%, tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam electromagnetic nrog lwm yam khoom siv;
Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Ntsuas Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob ERP: Raws li EN 62552, yuav tsum ua tiav qib A+ lossis siab dua ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob. Cov cai tshiab xyoo 2025 xav tau kev siv hluav taws xob thaum tos ≤1.0W;
Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Ua Raws Cai F-Gas: Yog tias cov khoom siv cov tub yees uas muaj fluorinated, muab pov thawj tias tus nqi GWP ntawm cov tub yees yog
Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Ua Raws Li Cov Cheebtsam Tseem Ceeb: Cov ntawv theej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj CE rau cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li compressors, motors, thiab circuit breakers, kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom no ua raws li cov qauv EU.
4. Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Ua Raws Cai (DoC): Lub Tuam Txhab Cog Lus Ua Raws Cai
Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Ua Raws Cai yog daim ntawv raug cai uas tau kos npe los ntawm tus neeg tsim khoom lossis Tus Neeg Sawv Cev EU uas tau tso cai, ua haujlwm ua daim ntawv kawg lees paub tias cov khoom ua tau raws li cov cai ntawm EU. Nws yuav tsum muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv qab no:
Lub npe ntawm tus neeg tsim khoom, chaw nyob, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm EU (rau cov tuam txhab uas tsis yog EU);
Lub npe khoom, tus qauv, thiab tus lej serial (yog tias muaj);
Daim ntawv teev cov lus qhia ntawm EU (piv txwv li, LVD, EMC, ERP) thiab cov lej sib raug zoo;
Lub npe ntawm tus neeg kos npe, txoj haujlwm, thiab hnub kos npe, muab lo rau lub foob ntawm lub tuam txhab.
II. Cov Khoom Siv Txhawb Nqa Ntxiv: Npaj Tau Yooj Yim Raws Li Cov Yam Ntxwv Ntawm Cov Khoom
Dhau li ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, qee kis tshwj xeeb yuav xav tau cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv kom tiv thaiv kev ncua sijhawm ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj vim yog cov ntaub ntawv ploj lawm:
Phau Ntawv Qhia Siv Khoom: Yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ib hom lus EU (piv txwv li, Askiv, German, Fabkis), uas suav nrog cov lus qhia teeb tsa, cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, cov txheej txheem txij nkawm, thiab cov lus ceeb toom kev nyab xeeb (piv txwv li, "Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tsis txhob nce," "Tsis txhob tshav ntuj ncaj qha"), thiab cov lus qhia pov tseg. Phau ntawv qhia yuav tsum qhia qhov chaw nyob ntawm Tus Neeg Sawv Cev EU uas tau tso cai;
Cov Ntawv Sau Khoom thiab Cov Qauv Ntim Khoom: Cov ntawv sau yuav tsum qhia meej lub npe khoom, tus qauv, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom, cim CE (loj ≥5mm, meej thiab ruaj khov), daim ntawv qhia txog kev siv hluav taws xob zoo, thiab lwm yam. Cov duab kos qauv ntim khoom yuav tsum muaj cov cim ceeb toom kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ceev faj thaum xa khoom;
Cov Ntaub Ntawv Txog Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo: Xws li daim ntawv pov thawj ISO 9001, cov ntawv ceeb toom kev tshuaj xyuas zoo sab hauv, thiab lwm yam. Yuav tsum muaj rau cov khoom muaj kev pheej hmoo siab lossis thaum xaiv daim ntawv pov thawj Module D/E;
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Hloov Pauv ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Series: Thaum lees paub ntau hom qauv sib txawv, piav qhia meej txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv, cov khoom, thiab kev ua tau zoo kom tiv thaiv kev lees paub tsis raug cai vim muaj kev hloov pauv tsis tau daws.
III. Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Zam Txim Rau Xyoo 2025: Tej Yam Yuam Kev Uas Yuav Tsum Tsis Txhob Ua
Muaj ntau tus neeg xa khoom tawm tsis tau daim ntawv pov thawj tsis yog vim cov ntaub ntawv tsis tiav, tab sis yog vim cov ntsiab lus tsis ua raws li txoj cai. Raws li cov cai tshiab tshaj plaws, ntawm no yog peb qhov teeb meem uas tshwm sim ntau zaus:
Cov lus ntawm daim ntawv tsis ua raws li txoj cai: Cov ntaub ntawv siv tshuab lossis phau ntawv qhia tsis tau sau ua hom lus EU raug cai, lossis cov lus txhais tsis raug. Qhov no yog qhov laj thawj feem ntau rau kev tsis lees txais. Peb xav kom cov ntaub ntawv raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm lub koom haum txhais lus tshaj lij;
Cov ntawv qhia txog kev kuaj tsis raug: Cov ntawv qhia uas tau muab los ntawm cov chaw kuaj mob uas tsis tau tsim nyog, lossis cov khoom kuaj mob uas tsis suav nrog txhua cov lus qhia siv tau. Peb xav kom paub meej ua ntej seb lub chaw kuaj mob puas tuav CNAS daim ntawv pov thawj lossis EU Notified Body status;
Kev khaws cov ntaub ntawv tsis raws cai: Tsis khaws cov ntaub ntawv rau 10 xyoo, lossis qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov ntsiab lus sau tseg thiab cov lus qhia tseeb ntawm cov khoom tiag tiag. Cov tub ceev xwm tswj hwm ntawm EU yuav pom cov teeb meem no thaum lub sijhawm kuaj xyuas, uas tej zaum yuav ua rau muaj kev rov qab los ntawm cov khoom thiab raug nplua.
IV. Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau: Kev Daws Koj Cov Kev Txhawj Xeeb
Q1: Cov txee dej haus ib lub qhov rooj puas tuaj yeem dhau daim ntawv pov thawj CE los ntawm kev tshaj tawm tus kheej?
A: Yog. Cov txee dej haus ib lub qhov rooj poob rau hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas muaj kev pheej hmoo tsawg thiab tuaj yeem siv tus qauv tshaj tawm tus kheej (Module A). Tsis tas yuav muaj kev koom tes ntawm Lub Koom Haum Tau Txais Kev Ceeb Toom; cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem ua qhov kev sim thiab tshaj tawm cov lus tshaj tawm ywj pheej. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov qauv tsim khoom nyuaj lossis cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, daim ntawv pov thawj los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Tau Txais Kev Ceeb Toom yuav raug xaiv los txhim kho kev ntseeg siab.
Q2: Lub sijhawm siv tau ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj CE yog dab tsi?
A: Tsis muaj lub sijhawm siv tau ruaj khov. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias kev tsim khoom lossis cov txheej txheem tsim khoom hloov pauv, lossis yog tias cov lus qhia lossis cov qauv EU raug hloov kho tshiab, kev ua raws li yuav tsum tau rov ntsuam xyuas dua. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab cov lus tshaj tawm yuav tsum tau hloov kho tshiab raws li qhov tsim nyog.
Q3: Cov txheej txheem pov thawj yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas tom qab npaj cov ntaub ntawv tiav lawm?
A: Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej du, tus qauv tshaj tawm tus kheej yuav siv sijhawm li ntawm 12 lub lis piam. Yog tias Lub Koom Haum Tau Ceeb Toom koom nrog rau kev sim thiab tshuaj xyuas, lub voj voog yog li ntawm 36 lub lis piam, nyob ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm cov khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv chav kuaj.
Hauv kev xaus, lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj CE rau cov txee dej haus ib lub qhov rooj yog "kev ua tiav, qhov tseeb, thiab kev ua raws li." Los ntawm kev tsom mus rau peb qhov kev qhia tseem ceeb - LVD, EMC, thiab ERP - thiab sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb xws li cov ntaub ntawv kev siv tshuab, cov ntawv qhia kev xeem, thiab cov lus tshaj tawm ntawm kev ua raws li daim ntawv teev npe, thaum ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis zoo, daim ntawv pov thawj tuaj yeem tau txais zoo. Yog tias koj tseem muaj lus nug txog cov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau kev npaj cov khoom siv, nws raug nquahu kom sab laj nrog lub koom haum pov thawj ua ntej kom tsis txhob nkim sijhawm thiab cov peev txheej vim tsis tau npaj txhij.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ib Hlis-04-2026 Cov neeg saib: