I roto i ngā utu whakahaere o ngā toa hokohoko me ngā hūpāmakete, ka kitea e koe ko te whakapaunga pūngao o ngā taputapu whakamatao e eke ana ki te 35%-40%. Hei taputapu matua me te whakamahinga auau teitei, ka pā tika te whakapaunga pūngao me te mahi hoko o ngā kāpata whakaaturanga inu ki ngā hua o te taunga. E tohu ana te "2024 Global Commercial Refrigeration Efficiency Equipment Energy Report" ko te whakapaunga hiko toharite ā-tau o ngā kāpata whakaaturanga inu tuku iho e eke ana ki te 1,800 kWh, ko ngā kāpata whakaaturanga tatau karāhe me ngā hangarau penapena pūngao hou ka taea te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao neke atu i te 30%. Mā te whakamātautau i te neke atu i te tekau mā rua ngā kāpata, i kitea e mātou ka taea e te hoahoa whakaaturanga pūtaiao te whakanui ake i ngā hoko inu mā te 25%-30%.
I. Ngā whanaketanga hangarau matua hei whakaiti i te whakamahinga pūngao mā te 30%
Ko te tikanga, ko te whakaiti i te whakapaunga hiko me whakaoti rapanga whakapaunga hiko mā te whakakotahi i ngā whakahoutanga pūnaha, te arotau i te whakamatao pūnaha me ētahi atu hangarau matua. I tēnei wā, me te pikinga kounga o te hangarau, ko te whakaiti i te whakapaunga hiko mā te 30% he wero!
Whakapai ake i te pūnaha hiriHe panonitanga kounga mai i te " turuturu makariri" ki te "maukati makariri"
Ko te reiti ngaronga makariri o ia rā o ngā kāpata inu tuwhera tuku iho e eke ana ki te 25%, ko ngā kāpata whakaaturanga tatau karāhe hou e whakatutuki ana i tētahi putanga hou mā te hangarau hiri-toru:
1. Karāhe pania-nano
Ka taea e te karāhe iti-te-whakaputa (Low-E) i whakawhanakehia e te kamupene Tiamana Schott te aukati i te 90% o ngā hihi ultraviolet me te 70% o te hihi infrared i te matotoru o te 2mm. Mā te hau argon e whakakīia ki te paparanga tuwhera, ka whakaitihia te tauwehenga whakawhiti wera (uara U) ki te 1.2W/(m²·K), he whakahekenga 40% ki te whakataurite ki te karāhe noa. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga ine o tētahi hūpāmakete mekameka mō te kāpata whakaaturanga e whakamahi ana i tēnei karāhe, i roto i te taiao pāmahana rūma o te 35°C, ka whakaitihia te awhe piki me te heke o te pāmahana i roto i te kāpata mai i te ±3°C ki te ±1°C, ā, ka whakaitihia te auau tīmatanga-mutu o te compressor mā te 35%.
2. Rīpene rapa hiri momi aukume
He mea hanga ki te rauemi ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) kounga kai, me te hoahoa rīpene aukume kua whakauruhia, ka eke te pēhanga hiri ki te 8N/cm, he pikinga 50% ki te whakataurite ki ngā rīpene rapa tuku iho. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga mai i tētahi tari whakamātautau tuatoru kua roa ake te huringa tawhito o tēnei momo rīpene rapa i roto i te taiao -20°C ki te 50°C ki te 8 tau, ā, kua whakaitihia te tere turuturu makariri mai i te 15% o te otinga tuku iho ki te 4.7%.
3. Takirere taurite pēhanga hau hihiri
Ina whakatuwheratia, ina kati rānei te tatau, ka whakarite aunoa te pūoko kua hangaia ki roto i te pēhanga hau o roto o te kāpata kia kore ai e maringi te hau makariri nā te rerekētanga o te pēhanga o roto, o waho hoki. E whakaatu ana ngā inenga tuturu kua heke te ngaronga makariri i te wā e tuwhera ana te tatau kotahi mai i te 200 kJ ki te 80 kJ, he rite ki te whakahekenga o te 0.01 kWh o te whakamahinga hiko mō ia whakatuwheratanga me te kati o te tatau.
Te arotautanga o te pūnaha pouaka whakamātaoKo te arorau matua o te whakapiki i te ōwehenga whai hua o te pūngao mā te 45%
E ai ki ngā raraunga a te China National Institute of Standardization, ka taea e te ōwehenga whai huatanga pūngao (EER) o ngā kāpata whakaaturanga inu tatau karāhe hou i te tau 2023 te eke ki te 3.2, he pikinga 45% ki te 2.2 i te tau 2018, nā ngā whakapainga hangarau nui e toru te nuinga:
1. Pūhiko auau rerekē
Mā te whakamahi i te hangarau auau taurangi DC o ngā waitohu pēnei i a Nenwell me Panasonic, ka taea e ia te whakarite aunoa i te tere hurihuri kia rite ki te kawenga. I ngā wā iti te haere o te tangata (pērā i te atatu), ko te whakapaunga hiko he 30% noa iho o te kawenga katoa. Ko te inenga tuturu o ngā toa hokohoko e whakaatu ana ko te whakapaunga hiko o ia rā o te tauira auau taurangi he 1.2 kWh, he penapena 33% ki te whakataurite ki te tauira auau pumau (1.8 kWh ia rā).
2. Te whakapūngao e karapoti ana
E 20% te rahi ake o te horahanga o te pūwero i te otinga tuku iho. Mā te arotau i te hanganga o roto o te tara, ka piki ake te pai o te whakawhiti wera mā te 25%. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga whakamātautau a te American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) ka whakapai ake tēnei hoahoa i te ōritetanga o te pāmahana i roto i te kāpata mai i te ±2°C ki te ±0.8°C, ka karohia te whakaoho pinepine o te pūwero i puta mai i te wera nui o te rohe.
3. Pūnaha whakarewa atamai
Ka tīmata te whakarewatanga ā-ringa tuku iho i ngā wā e 3 – 4 i ia 24 hāora, e 20 meneti te roa o ia wā, ā, e 0.3 kWh te hiko e pau ana. Mā te pūnaha whakarewatanga hiko hou ka aromatawaihia te nui o te hukapapa mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūoko haumākū. Ka whakaitihia te wā whakarewatanga toharite o ia rā ki te 1 – 2 ngā wā, ā, ka whakapotohia te whakamahinga kotahi ki te 10 meneti, ka penapenahia neke atu i te 120 kWh o te hiko ia tau.
II. Ngā ture koura o te hoahoa whakaaturanga hei whakapiki i ngā hoko mā te 25%
Ko te whakapiki ake i ngā hoko me whai ture hoahoa nui, arā, ko ngā ture koura he otinga e uru ana ki te ao. Ka taea e ngā whakatakotoranga me ngā mahere rerekē te whakapai ake i te mahi me te kawe mai i tētahi wheako kaiwhakamahi pai ake. Kua aro tonu te tangata ki te kaupapa o te ngāwari ki te whakamahi, ā, kua takahi tonu i ngā here o ngā ture kia nui ake ai ngā merekara.
(1) Hokohoko tirohanga: Te whakawhiti mai i te "aroha" ki te "hiahia hoko"
E ai ki te ariā "ōhanga tirohanga" i roto i te umanga hokohoko, ko te tere pāwhiri o ngā hua kei roto i te awhe teitei o te 1.2 – 1.5 mita e toru ngā wā o te tere pāwhiri o ngā whata o raro. I whakatakotoria e tētahi hūpāmakete mekameka te paparanga waenga (1.3 – 1.4 mita) o te kāpata whakaaturanga tatau karāhe hei "rohe poraka nui", e aro ana ki te whakaatu i ngā inu rongonui ipurangi me te utu kotahi o te $1.2 – $2. Ko te nui o ngā hoko o tēnei rohe e 45% o te katoa, he pikinga 22% ki te whakataurite ki mua i te panonitanga.
Mai i te tirohanga o te hoahoa o te matihiko mārama, ko te mārama mā mahana (3000K) te mea pai rawa atu hei whakaora i te tae mō ngā hua miraka me ngā wai, ko te mārama mā makariri (6500K) ka taea te whakamārama ake i te mārama o ngā inu warowaihā. I whakamātauhia ngātahitia e tētahi waitohu inu me tētahi hūpermakete, ā, i kitea ko te tāuta i tētahi rīpene rama LED e anga ana ki te 30° (te whakamārama 500lux) ki te tihi o te taha o roto o te tatau karāhe ka taea te whakanui ake i te aro o ngā hua takitahi mā te 35%, inā koa mō ngā takai me te kanapa whakarewa i te tinana o te pounamu, ā, ka taea e te pānga whakaata te kukume i te aro o ngā kaihoko e 5 mita te tawhiti.
Te tauira whakaaturanga hihiri: Mā te whakamahi i ngā whata ka taea te whakarite (me te teitei o te paparanga ka taea te whakakotahi noa mai i te 5 – 15cm) me te paepae whakarara 15°, ka hangaia he koki 90° te tapanga o te tinana pounamu inu me te tirohanga. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga a Walmart i Haina ka whakapotohia e tēnei hoahoa te wā kohi toharite a ngā kaihoko mai i te 8 hēkona ki te 3 hēkona, ā, ka piki ake te tere hoko anō mā te 18%.
(2) Whakaaturanga e hangai ana ki te horopaki: Te hanga anō i te ara whakatau a te kaihoko
1. Rautaki whakakotahitanga wā-wā
I te wā parakuihi (7 – 9 i te ata), whakaatuhia ngā inu whai hua me ngā ranunga miraka ki te paparanga tuatahi o te kāpata whakaaturanga. I te wā tina (11 – 13 i te ahiahi), whakatairangahia ngā inu tī me ngā inu warowaihā. I te wā tina (17 – 19 i te ahiahi), arotahi ki ngā wai hua me te miraka kawa. Whai muri i te whakatinanatanga o tēnei rautaki e tētahi hūpāmakete hapori, ka piki ake te nui o ngā hoko i ngā wā kāore i te tino pukumahi mā te 28%, ā, ka piki ake te utu toharite o ngā kaihoko mai i te $1.6 yuan ki te $2.
2. I honoa ki ngā huihuinga wera
Tāpirihia ki ngā huihuinga wera pēnei i te Ipu o te Ao me ngā hakari puoro, whakairihia he pānui kaupapa ki waho o te kāpata whakaaturanga, ā, whakatūria he wāhi "me whai wāhi mō te noho pō roa" (inu pūngao + wai electrolyte) ki roto. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga ka taea e tēnei momo whakaaturanga e hangai ana ki ngā āhuatanga te whakanui ake i te nui o ngā hoko o ngā kāwai e pā ana mā te 40% – 60% i te wā o te huihuinga.
3. Whakaaturanga rerekētanga utu
Whakaaturia ngā inu kawemai he nui te moni whiwhi (utu kotahi $2 – $2.7) i te taha o ngā inu rongonui o te kāinga (utu kotahi $0.6 – $1.1). Mā te whakamahi i te whakatairite utu hei whakaatu i te whai huatanga o te utu. E whakaatu ana te whakamātautau o tētahi hūpermakete ka taea e tēnei rautaki te whakanui ake i te rahinga hoko o ngā inu kawemai mā te 30%, me te akiaki i te rahinga hoko o ngā inu o te kāinga kia piki ake mā te 15%.
III. Ngā tauira mahi: Mai i te "manatoko raraunga" ki te "tipu hua"
E ai ki ngā raraunga a Nenwell i te tau kua hipa, mā te whakaiti i te utu o ngā kāpata whakaaturanga ka taea te whakapiki ake i te hua. He mea tika kia manatokohia te pono mai i ngā raraunga kaua mā te ariā, nā te mea he nui ake ngā mōrearea ka puta mai i tēnei.
(1) 7-Eleven Hapani: He mahi paearu mō te whakapainga takirua i te whakamahinga pūngao me te hoko
I roto i tētahi toa 7-Eleven i Tōkyō, whai muri i te whakaurunga o tētahi momo kāpata whakaaturanga inu tatau karāhe hou i te tau 2023, e toru ngā putanga matua i tutukihia:
1. Te whānuitanga o te whakapaunga pūngao
Mā te pūnaha whakapūngao auau taurangi me te pūnaha whakarewa atamai, i whakaitihia te whakapaunga hiko ā-tau mō ia kāpata mai i te 1,600 kWh ki te 1,120 kWh, he hekenga tēnei o te 30%, ā, ko te penapena utu hiko ā-tau tata ki te 45,000 yen (i tatauhia i te 0.4 yuan/kWh).
2. Tātaritanga o ngā āhuatanga hoko
Mā te whakamahi i tētahi whata whakarara 15° me te rama hihiri, ka piki te nui o ngā inu e hokona ana i roto i te kāpata i ia marama mai i te 800,000 yen ki te 1,000,000 yen, he pikinga tēnei mā te 25%.
3. Whakataurite i ngā wheako kaiwhakamahi
I whakaitihia te piki me te heke o te pāmahana i roto i te kāpata ki te ±1°C, i whakapaitia te pumau o te reka o te inu, ā, i heke te auau amuamu a te kiritaki mā te 60%.
(2) Te Hūpāmakete Yonghui i Haina: Te waehere mō te whakaiti i ngā utu me te whakapiki i te whai huatanga mā te whakarerekētanga ā-rohe
I whakamātauhia e Yonghui Supermarket te mahere whakapai ake i ngā kāpata whakaaturanga tatau karāhe i roto i ana toa i te rohe o Chongqing i te tau 2024. Ko ngā mahi matua ko:
1. Ngā ine mō te pāmahana tiketike i te raumati
I te mea he nui te pāmahana i te raumati i te tāone maunga (me te pāmahana toharite o ia rā neke atu i te 35°C), i tāutahia he ārai hiko ki raro i te kāpata whakaaturanga, ā, i whakanui ake i te pai o te tohanga o te hau makariri mā te 20% me te whakaiti i te kawenga o te kōpeketanga mā te 15%.
2. Whakaaturanga ā-rohe
E ai ki ngā hiahia kai o te rohe tonga-mā-uru, i whakawhanuitia te tawhiti o ngā whata ki te 12cm kia urutau ki te whakaaturanga o ngā pounamu nui (neke atu i te 1.5L) o ngā inu. I piki ake te ōwehenga hoko o tēnei kāwai mai i te 18% ki te 25%.
3. Te aroturuki me te whakatikatika e hangai ana ki te IoT
Mā ngā pūoko IoT, ka aro turukihia te nui o ngā hoko me te whakapaunga hiko o ia kāpata i te wā tūturu. Ina iti iho te nui o ngā hoko o tētahi hua i te paepae mō ngā rā e toru karapīpiti, ka whakahohe aunoa te pūnaha i tētahi whakarerekētanga o te tūranga whakaaturanga, ā, ka piki ake te whai huatanga o te huringa taonga mā te 30%.
I muri i te panonitanga, i piki ake te whai huatanga mō ia mita tapawhā o te rohe inu i roto i ngā toa whakamātautau mai i te 12,000 yuan/㎡ ki te 15,000 yuan/㎡, i heke te utu whakahaere ā-tau toharite mō ia kāpata mā te 22%, ā, i whakapotoa te wā whakahokinga haumitanga mai i te 24 marama ki te 16 marama.
IV. Aratohu karo i te poka hoko: E toru ngā tohu matua e tino hiahiatia ana
He maha ngā tūponotanga e pā ana ki te whai huatanga o te pūngao, ngā rauemi, me ngā pūnaha ratonga. Heoi, kei te eke ngā kāpata whakaaturanga kaweake ki te paerewa, ā, he uaua ki te tinihanga i ngā rauemi. Me aro nui ki te mahi toi me te kounga, tae atu ki te ratonga i muri i te hoko.
(1) Tiwhikete whai huatanga pūngao: Whakakahoretia te "tapanga raraunga teka"
Whakamihihia ngā tiwhikete whai hua pūngao e mōhiotia ana i te ao whānui pērā i a Energy Star (USA) me CECP (Haina), ā, me aro nui ki ngā hua he tohu whai hua pūngao 1 (paerewa Haina: te whakamahinga hiko o ia rā ≤ 1.0 kWh/200L). Ko tētahi kāpata whakaaturanga kāore i te waitohutia kua tohua ki te whakamahinga hiko o ia rā o te 1.2 kWh, engari ko te ine tuturu ko te 1.8 kWh, ka hua ake he utu hiko tāpiri ā-tau neke atu i te $41.5.
(2) Kōwhiringa rauemi: Ko ngā taipitopito te mea e whakatau ana i te roa o te ora
Whakanuia ngā pereti maitai piauau (te matotoru o te paninga ≥ 8μm) me ngā kirihou hangarau ABS, e 3 ngā wā teitei ake ai te ātete ki te waikura i ērā o ngā pereti maitai noa.
Kia mōhio ki te karāhe kua whakapakeketia me te tiwhikete 3C (matotoru ≥ 5mm), ko tōna ātete pahūtanga he 5 ngā wā i tērā o te karāhe noa, ā, ka karo i te mōrearea o te pahūtanga anō i ngā raumati wera nui.
(3) Pūnaha ratonga: Te kaikōhuru huna o ngā utu i muri i te hoko
Kōwhiria ngā waitohu e whakarato ana i te "pūtāhui mīhini katoa 3 tau + pūtāhui pūwero 5 tau". Ko te utu tiaki o te pūwero o tētahi kāpata whakaaturanga waitohu iti i muri i te rahunga i eke ki te 2,000 yuan, he nui atu i te utu tiaki ā-tau toharite o ngā waitohu noa.
Ina huri te kāpata whakaaturanga inu kuaha karāhe mai i te "kaihoko mana nui" ki te "mīhini hua", ko te whakaurunga hōhonu o te hangarau pouaka whakamātao, te ataahua o te whakaaturanga, me te whakahaere raraunga kei muri i a ia. Mō ngā kaiwhakahaere hūpermakete, ko te whiriwhiri i tētahi kāpata whakaaturanga e whakakotahi ana i te penapena pūngao me te mana hokohoko ko te tikanga he haumi i te 10% o te utu taputapu hei akiaki i te whakahekenga 30% o te whakapaunga pūngao me te pikinga 25% o ngā hoko - ehara i te mea he whakapai ake taputapu anake engari he hanga anō hoki i te hua i runga i ngā tirohanga a te kaihoko.
Te wā tuku: Mei-12-2025 Ngā tirohanga: