Ko te utanga moana i roto i te hokohoko whakawhiti-rohe he hongere kawe nui o te ao, e tuku ana i ngā painga utu nui atu i te utanga rererangi—ina koa mō ngā taonga nunui pēnei i ngā pouaka whakamatao inu e toru ngā tatau. Ko te tuku i ēnei ki te US ka taea anake mā te utanga moana. Ko te tikanga, ehara i te mea ngāwari ngā utu pērā i te "utu whakauru katoa". Mai i te kohi ki te tuku ki ngā toa hokohoko o te US, e ono ngā wāhanga o te tukanga, ia wāhanga me ngā whakapaunga e pā ana. Ko ngā utu huna, inā koa, ko ngā mea tino pea ka nui rawa te tahua.
I. Ngā Whakapaunga Tuatahi: Mai i te Wheketere/Whare Putunga ki te Tauranga
Ka kapi i tēnei ngā utu taketake i mua i te utanga moana, e aro nui ana ki te "tuku i te kāpata ki te tauranga." E toru ngā wāhanga matua o tēnei:
1. Ngā utu mō te tiki me te kawe i ngā mea poto: Mena kei te wheketere o te kāinga, kei te whare putunga tūmataiti rānei te kāpata, whakaritea te kawe taraka ki te tauranga tata rawa atu (hei tauira, Ningbo, Shanghai, Shenzhen). Ko te taumaha o te kāpata inu kua toru ngā tatau e pā ana ki te 200-300kg (440-660 lbs) ā, e 2.2-2.5 mita pūtoru (74-84 putu pūtoru) te rahi (ngā rahinga noa: 180*70*190cm / 71*27*74 inihi). Mēnā he utanga māmā, ko te utu mō te kawe i ngā mea poto (hei tauira, i roto i te radius 100km) he ¥500-1500 (US$65-200), i runga i te tawhiti me te hiahia ki te uta/tango i te forklift (tāpiri ¥200-500 / $27-70 mō ia tauira). Mō ngā tuku tawhiti, ngā tuku rānei ki ngā tauranga o uta o Amerika, e taunakihia ana kia whakamahia ngā papa rakau kua whakamahanatia (e hiahiatia ana e ngā ture o Amerika kia whakamahanatia ngā takai rakau kia kore ai e puritia e te tari tāke), me tāpiri he 300-500 RMB/wae. Mā te whakamanatanga mana i muri i te whakamahana ka ārai i ngā raruraru tuku tāke tāke.
3. Ngā utu mō te tauranga: Ina tae ki te tauranga, ka tāpirihia he utu mō te rokiroki, te pukapuka, ngā tuhinga, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā utu rokiroki paerewa: ¥20-50/mita kūpiko/rā (mēnā ka tae wawe mai ngā taonga, ā, me penapena mō te wā poto). Ngā utu pukapuka: ¥300-800/pire. Ngā utu tuhinga (B/L, rārangi tākai, me ētahi atu): ¥200-500. Te tapeke e matapaetia ana: ¥500-1500. He rerekē ngā utu i ia tauranga.
II. Utu Moana + Utu Tāpiri: Te Wāhanga Tino Hurihuri
Koinei te wāhanga nui rawa atu o ngā utu kaipuke katoa, ā, he nui te pānga o ngā utu ki ngā āhuatanga o te wā, ngā raina kaipuke, me ngā tikanga kawe. E rua ngā kōwhiringa kaipuke matua, he rerekē ngā pānga utu o ia kōwhiringa:
1. Te tuku i ngā ipu iti iho i te kawenga (LCL): He pai mō te tuku i ngā ipu paerewa 1-2 anake ina kore e hiahiatia he ipu kī. Ko te utu e hangai ana ki te "rahinga" (kāore e paunatia ngā taonga māmā/rahi). Ko te rahinga o te ipu tatau-toru paerewa he tata ki te 2.3 mita pūtoru. Ko ngā utu LCL mākete o nāianei kei waenga i te 800-1500 RMB/mita pūtoru, ā, ko te utu uta moana mō ia ipu he tata ki te 1840-3450 RMB. Kia mahara: Kei roto i te LCL ngā "utu whakakotahi" (500-1000 RMB mō ia uta) me ngā "utu tango uta i te tauranga ūnga" (ka kōrerohia i muri mai). Whakaūhia ēnei utu ki tō kaituku uta i mua.
2. Utaina Ipu Katoa (FCL): He iti ake te utu mō ngā uta nui ake (hei tauira, 5+ waeine). Mō tētahi ipu GP paerewa 20-putu te roa (e pupuri ana i te 28 mita pūtoru), ko te utu uta moana he tata ki te $2,000–4,000 mō ia ipu (he rite ki te ¥14,000–28,000 RMB). Ko te toharite o tēnei he ¥500–1,000 mō ia kāpata poutū, he iti ake te utu i te LCL. Heoi, he teitei ake te whakaritenga uta iti rawa mō ia ipu.
3. Ngā Utu Tāpiri Whakahau: He maha ngā wā ka warewarehia ēnei "utu huna", ko te nuinga ko te Pūtake Whakatikatika Punga (BAF) me te Pūtake Whakatikatika Moni (CAF), e 10%-20% te utu o ngā utanga moana. I ngā wā tino pukumahi (hei tauira, ngā marama e toru i mua i te Kirihimete i te US), ka whakatakotohia e ngā kamupene kaipuke he Utu Tāpiri mō te Wā Tino Pumau (PSS), ko te tikanga he $500-$2,000 mō ia utanga. Hei tāpiri, he rerekē rawa ngā utu utanga moana i waenga i ngā tauranga ūnga o te US (hei tauira, Los Angeles, New York, Houston). Ko te Tauranga o Los Angeles te mea tino tawhito, ā, he iti ake ngā utu, ko te Tauranga o New York ia he 10%-15% te utu nui ake.
III. Te Whakawātea Taonga + Te Kohi Ipu: He Utu Nui, ā, he Ngāwari ki te Pā mai ngā Raru
Ina tae ki te tauranga o Amerika, kāore e taea te tiki tonu i ngā taonga. He uaua ngā utu me ngā ture tikanga tuku iho mō tēnei tukanga, ā, mēnā he hē te whakahaere, ka pāngia pea koe e ngā whiu tāpiri:
1. Ngā utu whakawātea tikanga: Me whakahaere e te kaihokohoko tikanga ā-rohe o Amerika, tata ki te $200–500 te utu mō ia uta (he rite ki te RMB 1,400–3,500), tae atu ki ngā utu whakapuakitanga me ngā utu tukatuka tikanga. Kia mōhio: Ko ngā pouaka whakamātao inu kua toru ngā tatau e kiia ana he taputapu, ā, me whai tiwhikete FDA (me whai mana mō ngā taputapu pa kai o Amerika) me te Tiwhikete Taketake. Ki te ngaro tētahi o ngā tuhinga e rua, ka taea te tirotiro, ka puta he utu tāpiri $300–1000 (mēnā kāore i te waimarie).
2. Ngā utu tauranga: Kei roto ko ngā Utu Whakahaere Taunga (THC), ngā utu tuhinga, me ngā utu Pūnaha Whakaatu Aunoa (AMS), tata ki te $300–800 te tapeke mō ia uta (RMB 2,100–5,600). Mō ngā uta LCL (iti iho i te uta ipu), ka pā he utu whakahekenga tāpiri ($200–500 mō ia uta); kāore ngā uta FCL (uta ipu katoa) e pāngia e tēnei utu.
3. Ngā utu mō te tiki i ngā ipu me te kawe i uta: Whai muri i te whakawāteatanga o te tari tāke, me tiki ngā ipu mai i te taunga waka ka tukuna ki te ūnga. Mō Los Angeles hei tauranga ūnga, ko te utu mō te tango ipu he tata ki te $100–300 mō ia haerenga. Ko te utu mō te kawe i ngā ipu mai i te tauranga ki ngā tāone o uta o Amerika (hei tauira, Chicago, Dallas) he tata ki te $1–2 mō ia maero. Hei tauira, ko te utu mō te kawe i ngā ipu mai i Los Angeles ki Chicago (tata ki te 2,000 maero) he $2,000–4,000 (RMB 14,000–28,000). Mena ka tukuna ki tētahi toa o te taone nui, ka tāpirihia he utu tuku tāone ($300–800).
IV. Inihuarangi + Taake: Te karo i ngā Ngaronga Pūtea Tūpono
Ahakoa ehara i te "utu kawe waka" anake, he "utu tiaki" nui ēnei, ā, ki te kore e whakaurua, he nui te mōrearea:
1. Inihuaranga Moana: Ka tatauhia i te 0.3%-0.8% o te uara o ngā taonga. Mō tētahi kāpata inu kua toru ngā tatau, e tata ana ki te ¥5,000-10,000 te uara mō ia waeine, ko te utu inihua he tata ki te ¥15-80 mō ia waeine. He tino taunaki kia hokona. Ka hipokina e ia ngā kereme mō ngā mate nā ngā awha, te taunga waka, te kino rānei o ngā utanga i te wā e tukuna ana; ki te kore, ka utua e koe te utu katoa.
2. Ngā Taake Kawemai o te US: Ka whakarōpūtia ngā pouaka whakamatao inu hei "taputapu pouaka whakamātao." Ko te waehere Pūnaha Harmonized (HS) o te US e rite ana he reiti taake tata ki te 2.5%-5% (e whai ana i te whakarōpūtanga tikanga whakamutunga). Hei tauira, ki te tatauhia i runga i te uara, he waeine e ¥8,000 te uara ka puta he taake tata ki te ¥200-400 ia waeine. Hei tāpiri, ka tangohia e ētahi kawanatanga he taake hoko (6%-10%), pērā i a California me New York. Manatokohia ngā kaupapa here a te kawanatanga e haere atu ana i mua.
V. Ngā Utu Huna e Tino Pāngia Ana e te Whakapaunga Nui
1. Ngā Utu Whakakore/Whakakore: Mena ka noho tonu ngā taonga kāore i te kohia i te tauranga mō ngā rā neke atu i te 7 i muri i te taenga mai, ka whakamahia he utu whakakore ($50–200/rā). Mō ngā utanga ipu katoa (FCL), ki te kore e whakahokia te ipu i roto i te wā kua whakaritea e te kaikawe (te tikanga 7–14 rā) ka puta he utu whakakore ($30–100/rā). Ka piki ake ēnei utu i te whakaroa, nō reira me whakarite kia oti ngā whakaritenga tukunga taake i mua i te wā.
2. Ngā Utu Whakahou mō te Kore-Ture i te Takai: Mena kāore he whakapūngao i roto i ngā papa rakau, kāore rānei i te tino haumaru te takai, ka pakaru ngā utanga, ka whakahau pea te Tari Taake o Amerika kia whakahoutia. Ka puta he utu tata ki te $500–$2,000 mō ia papa, ā, ka nui te whakaroa.
3. Ngā utu tāpiri mō te kaikawe utanga: I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi kaikawe utanga, me pātai mārama mō ngā "utu katoa" me ngā "utu kāore i whakaurua" hei karo i ngā utu ohorere pērā i te "utu whakahaere" me ngā "utu tere" i waenganui o te tukanga. He mea tika kia hainatia he kirimana tuhituhi e whakamārama ana i ngā taipitopito utu katoa.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te tuku i tētahi kāpata inu kuaha-toru ki te US (hei tauira, ko Los Angeles) ka puta he utu katoa tata ki te ¥12,000–20,000 (e kapi ana i te whakahaere ā-whare, te uta moana, te whakakorenga tikanga, me te kawe waka poto ki uta o te US). Ka piki ake ngā utu mā te 30%–50% mō te tuku ki ngā tāone ki uta o te US. Whakamaherehia 1-2 marama i mua, whiriwhiria he kaikawe utanga pono, whakamāramahia ngā utu katoa, me te whakarite i ngā tuhinga whakakorenga tikanga katoa kia kore ai e nui rawa te tahua me ngā mōrearea pupuri tikanga.
Te wā tuku: Hakihea-29-2025 Ngā tirohanga: