He Aratohu mō te Tatau i te Pūngao Whakamatao o ngā Kāpata Whakaaturanga Inu Arumoni

"E te rangatira, he nui tēnei tauira whakamatao 300W māu!" "Whakawhirinaki ki te 500W—ka tere ake te whakamatao i te raumati!" I a koe e hoko ana i ngā kāpata whakaaturanga inu, ka pōhēhē tonu koe i ngā "kupu hangarau" a ngā kaihoko? Kōwhiria he iti rawa, ā, kāore e pai te whakamatao o ngā inu i te raumati, ka peia atu ngā kaihoko. Kōwhiria he nui rawa, ā, ka piki rawa tō pire hiko—he moumou moni noa iho.

I tēnei rā ka wetewetehia e mātou te tātai mō te tatau i te kaha whakamatao o te kāpata whakaaturanga inu. Kāore he take ki te mārama ki ngā mātāpono uaua - me whai noa i te tātai me ngā tauira taahiraa i te taahiraa. Ahakoa ngā tīmatanga ka taea te whakatutuki i ā rātou hiahia.

I. Kia Mārama Tuatahi: He aha me Tatau Tika ai te Pūngao Whakamatao?

Ko te kaha whakamatao e tohu ana i te "mana whakamatao" o te kāpata whakaaturanga, e inehia ana i roto i ngā watts (W) me ngā kilocalories ia hāora (kcal/h), ina 1 kcal/h ≈ 1.163 W. E rua ngā kaupapa matua o te tātaitanga tika:

• Kaua e "whakanui rawa": Hei tauira, i te raumati ina tuwhera pinepine ngā tatau o te toa hokomaha, ka kore e ranea te kaha whakamatao e ārai i te kāpata ki te eke ki te 3-8°C (te pāmahana tino pai mō te tiaki i ngā inu). Ka ngaro te haunga o ngā inu warowaihā, ka pirau ngāwari ngā wai, ā, ka mutu ka ngaro te moni.
• Ārai i te "whakamahi rawa": Ka moumou te toa 20 mita te rahi i te 2-3 kWh tāpiri ia rā, ina hoko koretake i tētahi kāpata whakaatu kaha-nui 500W, ka tāpirihia he rau ki ngā utu hiko ā-tau—kāore rawa he take.

He whakaaro matua: Ehara i te mea he pai ake te kaha whakamatao nui ake—engari ko te "taurite i te hiahia." Arotahi ki ngā taurangi matua e toru: te rahinga o te kāpata whakaatu, te taiao whakahaere, me te auau whakatuwheratanga o te tatau.

II. Tātai Matua: 3 Ngā Hipanga hei Tātai i te Pūngao Whakamatao Tika (Ka Taea e te Tīmata te Mātauranga)

Kāore he take ki te maumahara ki ngā mātāpono matatini o te thermodynamics—kia maumahara noa ki tēnei tātai mahi: Te Kaha Whakamatao (W) = Te Rōrahi o te Kāpata Whakaatu (L) × Te Matotoru o te Inu (kg/L) × Te Kaha Wera Motuhake (kJ/kg·℃) × Te Rerekētanga Pāmahana (℃) ÷ Te Wā Whakamatao (h) ÷ 1000 × Te Tauwehe Whakatikatika

Me wehewehea ia tawhā i ia taahiraa, mā te whakamahi i tētahi "kāpata whakaaturanga toa 1000L" hei tauira:

1. Ngā Tawhā Pūmau (Hoatu tika, kāore he huringa e hiahiatia ana)

2. Ngā Tawhā Taurangi (Whakakīia i runga i tō āhuatanga tūturu)

• Whakaaturanga Rōrahi Kāpata (L): Koinei te 'kaha' kua tohua e te kaihanga, hei tauira, 1000L, 600L. Tāruatia noa te uara kua tohua.
• Rerekētanga Pāmahana (°C): Pāmahana Āhua – Pāmahana Whainga. Me kī ko te pāmahana rūma raumati he 35°C (te tino kino rawa atu), ko te pāmahana whainga he 5°C (te reka inu tino pai), nō reira ko te rerekētanga pāmahana = 35 – 5 = 30°C.

3. Tāpirihia ki te tātai mō te tatau (mā te whakamahi i te kāpata whakaaturanga 1000L o te toa hokomaha hei tauira)

Te kaha whakamatao (W) = 1000L × 0.95kg/L × 4.0kJ/kg·℃ × 30℃ ÷ 2h ÷ 1000 × 1.2 (tauwehenga whakatikatika) Tātaitanga taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa: ① 1000 × 0.95 = 950kg (Taumaha katoa o te inu i roto i te kāpata) ② 950 × 4.0 × 30 = 114,000 kJ (Te wera katoa e hiahiatia ana hei whakamatao i ngā inu katoa) ③ 114,000 ÷ 2 = 57,000 kJ/h (Te kaha whakamatao e hiahiatia ana i ia hāora) ④ 57,000 ÷ 1000 = 570 W (Te kaha whakamatao turanga) ⑤ 570 × 1.2 = 684W (Te kaha whakamatao whakamutunga; whakamāramahia te tauwehenga whakatikatika i muri mai)

Whakamutunga: Mō tēnei kāpata whakaaturanga toa hokohoko 1000L, e hiahiatia ana te kaha whakamatao tata ki te 700W i te raumati. Kāore i te rawaka te 600W, engari he nui rawa te 800W engari he pono ake.

III. Tāpiritanga Matua: Me pēhea te Whakatau i te Tauwehe Whakatikatika?

Kāore te "1.2" i tāpirihia noa iho; ka whakatikatikaina i runga i ngā horopaki whakamahinga tūturu. He rerekē ngā āhuatanga, he rerekē ngā tauwehenga. Tīpakohia tika i runga i ngā mea e whai ake nei:

• Tauwehenga Whakatika 1.0-1.1: Ngā kāpata whakaaturanga hūpermākete (he iti te auau whakatuwheratanga o ngā tatau ≤20 ngā wā ia rā), ngā taiao ā-roto he hauhautanga (te pāmahana taiao ≤28°C), ngā tauira whakamatao tika (he pai te whakamarumaru).
• Tauwehenga whakatikatika 1.2–1.3: Ngā toa hokohoko/ngā toa iti (te whakatuwheratanga tatau maha ≥50 ngā wā i te rā), ngā taiao kāore he hauhautanga (te pāmahana taiao ≥32°C), ngā tauira hauhautanga (he ngāwari ki te ngaronga o te hau makariri).
• Tauwehenga whakatikatika 1.4–1.5: Ngā rohe pāmahana teitei (te pāmahana taiao raumati ≥38°C), ngā tūru tuwhera (te rā tika), ngā kāpata whakaaturanga e tata ana ki ngā pūtake wera (hei tauira, e tata ana ki ngā oumu, ki ngā whakamahana rānei).

IV. Ripanga Whakataurite Kōwhiringa Tauira mō ngā Horopaki Rerekē

V. Ngā Whakatūpato Mahanga: 2 Ngā Tinihanga Noa e Whakamahia ana e ngā Kaihoko

1. "Mana Whakauru" anake te rārangi, kāore he "Raukaha Whakamatao": Ko te mana whakauru e tohu ana i te whakamahinga hiko o te kāpata whakaaturanga, ehara i te putanga whakamatao! Hei tauira, me te mana whakauru 500W ōrite, ka taea e te waitohu kounga te whakatutuki i te kaha whakamatao 450W, engari ko te waitohu iti iho i te pai ka eke ki te 350W anake. Me tono tonu ki te kaihoko kia homai he "Pūrongo Whakamātautau Raukaha Whakamatao."
2. Ngā tatauranga mō te kaha whakamatao pupuhi: Hei tauira, ko tētahi waeine me te kaha whakamatao tuturu 600W ka tapaina pea he "kaha whakamatao tihi o te 800W." Ko ngā uara tihi e tohu ana i ngā pānui inamata i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino kino, ā, kāore e taea te whakatutuki i te wā mahi noa. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana, arotahi noa ki te "kaha whakamatao kua whakatauhia."

Kia maumahara ki ngā Mātāpono Matua e 3

1. Ko te nui ake o te kaha ko te nui ake o te kaha whakamatao: Ko ia pikinga 100L o te kaha ka tāpirihia he 50-80W o te mana whakamatao. 2. Ko ngā taiao wera me ngā whakatuwheratanga tatau maha e hiahiatia ana he kaha tāpiri: Tāpirihia he 10% te iti rawa o te ārai ki te hua kua tatauhia. 3. Whakatairangahia te whai huatanga pūngao Taumata 1: Mō te kaha whakamatao ōrite, ka penapenahia e te whai huatanga Taumata 1 te 1-2 kWh ia rā ki te whakataurite ki te Taumata 5, ka whakahokia mai te rerekētanga utu hoko i roto i ngā marama e ono.