Ko te mātāpono whakamatao o te pouaka whakamātao e hangai ana ki te huringa Carnot whakamuri, ko te hau mātao te reo matua, ā, ka haria te wera i roto i te pouaka whakamātao ki waho mā te tukanga whakarerekētanga āhua o te mimiti wera – te hauhautanga wera-waho.
Ngā tawhā matua:
①Te pūwāhi koropupū:Ka whakatau i te pāmahana mimiti (ka iti ake te pāmahana whakamātao mēnā ka iti ake te kohua).
②Pēhanga whakapūmau:Ka nui ake te pēhanga, ka nui ake te kawenga o te pūngao (ka pā ki te whakapaunga pūngao me te haruru).
③Te kawe wera:Ka tere ake te tere whakamatao ka nui ake te kawe wera.
Me mōhio koe ki ngā momo matua e whā o te whai huatanga o te whakamatao i te hauhautanga:
1.R600a (isobutane, hauhautanga hauwai)
(1)Te tiaki taiaoGWP (Pūmanawa Whakamahana Ao) ≈ 0, ODP (Pūmanawa Whakangaromanga Ozone) = 0, e ai ki ngā ture F – Hauhanga a te Kotahitanga o Ūropi.
(2)Te whai huatanga o te whakamataoTe pāmahana koropupū – 11.7 °C, e tika ana mō ngā whakaritenga o te wāhanga pouaka tio o te whare (-18 °C), ko te kaha o te rōrahi pouaka whakamātao he 30% teitei ake i te R134a, he iti te nekehanga o te kōpeketanga, ā, he iti te whakapaunga pūngao.
(3)Whakaahuatanga takeKa whakamahia e te pouaka whakamātao 190L te R600a, me te whakapaunga hiko o ia rā he 0.39 nekehanga (taumata whai huatanga pūngao 1).
2.R134a (tetrafluoroethane)
(1)Te tiaki taiao: GWP = 1300, ODP = 0, ka aukatia e te Kotahitanga o Ūropi te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu hou mai i te tau 2020.
(2)Te whai huatanga o te whakamatao: te ira kohua – 26.5 °C, he pai ake te mahi pāmahana iti i te R600a, engari he iti te kaha whakamatao o te waeine, me whakamahi he pūwhakapūngao nekehanga nui.
(3) Ko te pēhanga o te pūwero he 50% teitei ake i tō te R600a, ā, ka piki ake te whakapaunga pūngao o te pūwero.
3.R32 (difluoromethane)
(1)Te tiaki taiaoKo te GWP = 675, he haurua tēnei o te R134a, engari he mura (hei ārai i te mōrearea turuturu).
(2)Te whai huatanga o te whakamatao: te pāmahana kohua – 51.7 °C, he pai mō ngā hauhautanga hurihuri, engari he teitei rawa te pēhanga hauhautanga i roto i te pouaka whakamātao (e rua te teitei ake i te R600a), ka taea ai e tēnei te arahi ki te taumaha rawa o te pūwero.
4.R290 (propane, hauhautanga hauwai)
(1)Te atawhai i te taiaoKo te GWP ≈ 0, ODP = 0, te kōwhiringa tuatahi o te "hau whakamatao ā muri ake nei" i roto i te Kotahitanga o Ūropi.
(2)Te whai huatanga o te whakamatao: te pāmahana koropupū – 42 °C, te kaha whakamatao o te waeine he 40% teitei ake i te R600a, he pai mō ngā pouaka tio arumoni nui.
Whakarongo mai:Me hiri rawa ngā pouaka whakamātao o te whare nā te mea he ngāwari ki te mura (te pūwāhi mura 470 °C) (ka piki te utu mā te 15%).
He pēhea te pānga o te hauhautanga ki te haruru o te pouaka whakamātao?
Ko te haruru o te pouaka whakamātao e ahu mai ana i te wiri o te pūwero me te haruru o te rere o te hauhautanga. Ka pāngia te haruru e ngā āhuatanga o te hauhautanga i ēnei huarahi e whai ake nei:
(1) Te mahi pēhanga teitei (pēhanga whakatōtō 2.5MPa), me mahi auau teitei te pūwero, ka eke te haruru ki te 42dB (tata ki te 38dB te pouaka whakamātao noa), te mahi pēhanga iti (pēhanga whakatōtō 0.8MPa), he iti te kawenga pūwero, he iti te haruru ki te 36dB.
(2) He matotoru te R134a (0.25mPa · s), ā, he ngāwari ki te pāngia e te haruru whakawhāiti (he rite ki te tangi "hiss") ina rere ana i roto i te ngongo capillary. He iti te matotoru o te R600a (0.11mPa · s), he maeneene ake te rere, ā, he iti ake te haruru mā te 2dB pea.
Kia mōhio: Me tāpiri he hoahoa ātete-pahū ki te pouaka whakamātao R290 (pērā i te paparanga pahuka matotoru), engari ka pāorooro pea te pouaka, ka piki ake te haruru mā te 1 – 2dB.
Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i tētahi momo whakamatao mō te pouaka whakamātao?
He iti te haruru o te R600a mō te whakamahi kāinga, ko te utu he 5% o te utu katoa o te pouaka whakamātao, he tino tiaki taiao te R290, e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa o te Kotahitanga o Ūropi, he 20% te utu nui atu i te R600a, he hototahi te R134a, he pai mō ngā pouaka whakamātao tawhito, kāore anō kia pakari te R32, whiriwhiria marietia!
Ko te hauhautanga te "toto" o te pouaka whakamātao, ā, ko tōna momo ka pā tika ki te whakapaunga pūngao, te haruru, te haumaru me te roa o te ratonga. Mō ngā kaihoko noa, ko te R600a te whiringa pai rawa atu mō te mahi whānui o nāianei, ā, ka taea te whakaaro ki te R290 mō te whai i te tiaki taiao tino nui. I te hoko, ka taea e koe te whakaū i te momo hauhautanga mā te tohu ingoa kei muri o te pouaka whakamātao (pēnei i te "Huahautanga: R600a") kia kore ai e pohehe i ngā ariā hokohoko pēnei i te "huringa auau" me te "kore hukapapa".
Wā tuku: Maehe-26-2025 Ngā Tirohanga: