Me pēhea te whakatau i te kore e ranea te whakamatao i roto i ngā pouaka tio poutū arumoni?

Ko ngā pouaka tio poutū arumoni he taputapu matua mō te pouaka whakamātao i roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i te kai, te hokohoko, me te hauora. Ka pā tika te mahi whakamatao ki te hou o ngā kai, te pumau o ngā rongoā, me ngā utu whakahaere. Ko te kore e ranea te whakamatao—e tohuhia ana e te pāmahana rūma 5℃ neke atu rānei i te uara kua whakaritea, ngā rerekētanga pāmahana ā-rohe e neke atu ana i te 3℃, te tere whakamatao puhoi rānei—ehara i te mea ka pakaru noa ngā kai me te para, engari ka akiaki hoki i ngā compressor ki te mahi i raro i te taumaha roa, ka piki ake te whakapaunga pūngao neke atu i te 30%.

1. Te korenga o te whakamatao i roto i ngā pouaka tio poutū arumoni: Te tautuhi i ngā raruraru me ngā pānga whakahaere

Me matua tautuhi tika e ngā tohunga hokohoko ngā tohu me ngā pūtake o te koretake o te whakamatao kia kore ai e whakatikatika matapo, e whakakapi rānei i ngā taputapu, ka hua ake ai he moumou utu koretake.

1.1 Ngā Tohu Matua me ngā Mōrearea Whakahaere

Ko ngā tohu noa o te koretake o te whakamatao ko: ① Ina -18℃ te pāmahana kua whakaritea, ka heke noa te pāmahana o te kāpata ki te -10℃, neke atu rānei, me ngā piki me ngā heke e neke atu ana i te ±2℃; ② Neke atu i te 5℃ te rerekētanga pāmahana i waenga i ngā paparanga o runga me raro (he maha ngā raruraru "mahana ake te paparanga, mātao ake te paparanga" i roto i ngā pouaka tio poutū nā te totohu o te hau makariri); ③ I muri i te tāpiri i ngā kai hou, neke atu i te 4 hāora te wā hei whakamatao ki te pāmahana kua whakaritea (ko te awhe noa he 2-3 hāora). Ka arahi tika ēnei raruraru ki:

• Ahumahi kai: He whakahekenga 50% o te roa o te oranga o ngā kai hou, ka piki ake te mōrearea o te tipu kitakita me ngā tūponotanga haumaru kai;
• Ahumahi hokohoko: Te whakangawari me te whakarerekētanga o ngā kai tio, te pikinga ake o ngā amuamu a ngā kaihoko, me ngā reiti para kore e hokona neke atu i te 8%;
• Ahumahi hauora: Te iti haere o te mahi a ngā kaihoko koiora me ngā kano kano, nā te korenga e tutuki i ngā paerewa rokiroki GSP.

1.2 Te Rangahautanga Pūtake: 4 Ngā Ahu mai i ngā Taputapu ki te Taiao

Ka taea e ngā tohunga hokohoko te tirotiro i ngā take i roto i te raupapa matua e whai ake nei hei karo i te ngaronga o ngā āhuatanga matua:

1.2.1 Ngā Rahunga o ngā Wāhanga Matua o ngā Taputapu (60% o ngā Take)

① Te aukati huka i roto i te mīhini whakapūngao: Ko te nuinga o ngā pouaka tio poutū arumoni he mea whakamatao ki te hau. Mēnā he nui ake te matotoru o te huka i runga i ngā tara o te mīhini whakapūngao i te 5mm, ka aukati i te rere o te hau makariri, ka whakaiti i te pai o te whakamatao mā te 40% (he mea noa i roto i ngā āhuatanga he maha ngā whakatuwheratanga tatau me te haumākū nui); ② Te hekenga o te mahi a te pūwero: Mēnā he neke atu i te 5 tau te whakamahinga o ngā pūwero, ka heke pea te pēhanga tukunga mā te 20%, ka kore e ranea te kaha whakamatao; ③ Te turuturu o te hau whakamatao: Ka taea e te koroheketanga, te kino rānei o ngā whakarewa paipa i puta mai i te wiri, te turuturu o ngā hau whakamatao (hei tauira, R404A, R600a), ka ngaro ohorere te kaha whakamatao.

1.2.2 Ngā Hapa Hoahoa (20% o ngā Take)

Ko ētahi pouaka tio poutū iti-pito he hapa hoahoa "kotahi te whakapūngao + kotahi te pā": ① Ka pupuhihia te hau makariri mai i te wāhi kotahi i muri, ka kore e ōrite te rere o te hau i roto i te kāpata, me te pāmahana o te paparanga o runga he 6-8℃ teitei ake i ngā paparanga o raro; ② Kāore e ranea te wāhi whakapūngao (hei tauira, te wāhi whakapūngao iti iho i te 0.8㎡ mō ngā pouaka tio 1000L) e tutuki ai ngā hiahia whakamatao kaha nui.

1.2.3 Ngā Awe o te Taiao (15% o ngā Take)

① Te pāmahana tino teitei: Mā te whakanoho i te pouaka tio ki te taha o ngā oumu kīhini, ki ngā wāhi pāmahana teitei rānei o waho (neke atu i te 35℃ te pāmahana o te taiao) ka aukati i te marara o te wera o te pūwero, ka whakaiti i te kaha whakamatao mā te 15%-20%; ② Te hauhautanga ngoikore: Mēnā he iti iho i te 15cm te tawhiti i waenganui i te pouaka tio me te pakitara, kāore e taea e te pūwero te marara pai te wera, ka piki ake te pēhanga whakamatao; ③ Te uta nui rawa: Mā te tāpiri i ngā kai pāmahana rūma neke atu i te 30% o te kaha o te pouaka tio i te wā kotahi ka kore e taea e te pūwero te whakamatao wawe.

1.2.4 Te Mahi Hē a te Tangata (5% o ngā Take)

Ko ētahi tauira ko te whakatuwheratanga pinepine o ngā tatau (neke atu i te 50 ngā wā i te rā), te whakaroa i te whakakapinga o ngā gaskets kua tawhito (ka nui ake te turuturu o te hau makariri i te 10%), me ngā kai kīkī rawa e aukati ana i ngā putanga hau (ka aukati i te tohanga o te hau makariri).

2. Ngā Otinga Hangarau Matua mō te Whakamatao Kāore i te Rawaka: Mai i te Tiaki ki te Whakapai Ake

I runga i ngā pūtake rerekē, ka taea e ngā tohunga hokohoko te whiriwhiri i ngā otinga "whakatika me te whakaora" me te "whakapai ake hangarau" rānei, me te aro nui ki te whai huatanga utu me te pumau mō te wā roa.

2.1 Ngā Whakapūngao Takirua + Ngā Pā Takirua: He Otinga Tino Pai mō ngā Pouaka Tio Tūroa Nui te Kaha

Ka aro atu tēnei otinga ki ngā "ngā hapa o te hoahoa o te mīhini whakapūkara kotahi" me ngā "hiahia whakamatao nui-kaha", ā, he mea whiriwhiri matua tēnei mā ngā tohunga hokohoko ina whakapai ake, ina whakakapi rānei i ngā taputapu. He pai mō ngā pouaka tio poutū arumoni neke atu i te 1200L (hei tauira, ngā pouaka tio hūpermakete, ngā pouaka tio kīhini pokapū i roto i te kai).

2.1.1 Te Mātāpono me ngā Painga o te Otinga

Ko te hoahoa "ngā whakamomona rua o runga-raro + ngā pā hau rua motuhake": ① Ka whakamatao te whakamomona o runga i te 1/3 o runga o te kāpata, ko te whakamomona o raro ka whakamatao i te 2/3 o raro. Ka whakahaere ngā pā hau motuhake i te ahunga rere o te hau, ka whakaiti i te rerekētanga pāmahana o te kāpata ki te ±1℃; ② Ko te horahanga marara wera katoa o ngā whakamomona rua he 60% te nui ake i te whakamomona kotahi (hei tauira, 1.5㎡ mō ngā whakamomona rua i roto i ngā pouaka tio 1500L), ka whakanui ake i te kaha whakamatao mā te 35% me te whakatere i te tere whakamatao mā te 40%; ③ Mā te whakahaere ara iahiko rua motuhake ka whakarite mēnā ka rahua tetahi whakamomona, ka taea e tetahi atu te pupuri i te whakamatao taketake mō te wā poto, ka ārai i te kati katoa o ngā taputapu.

2.1.2 Te Utu Hoko me te Wā Whakahoki Moni

Ko te utu hoko mō ngā pouaka tio poutū me ngā whakapūngao takirua he 15%-25% teitei ake i te utu mō ngā tauira whakapūngao kotahi (hei tauira, tata ki te RMB 8,000 mō te tauira whakapūngao kotahi 1500L, ki te RMB 9,500-10,000 mō te tauira whakapūngao takirua). Heoi, he nui ngā hua mō te wā roa: ① 20% te iti iho o te whakapaunga pūngao (te penapena tata ki te 800 kWh o te hiko ia tau, he rite ki te RMB 640 i roto i ngā utu hiko i runga i te utu hiko ahumahi o te RMB 0.8/kWh); ② 6%-8% te whakaiti i ngā reiti para kai, te tapahi i ngā utu para ā-tau neke atu i te RMB 2,000; ③ 30% te iti iho o te reiti rahunga o te kōpeketanga, te whakaroa i te roanga o te ratonga taputapu mā te 2-3 tau (mai i te 8 tau ki te 10-11 tau). Ko te wā whakahoki he tata ki te 1.5-2 tau.

2.2 Te Whakapai Ake me te Tiaki i te Pūwero Kotahi: He Kōwhiringa Whai Hua mō ngā Taputapu Iti te Kaha

Mō ngā pouaka tio poutū kei raro i te 1000L (hei tauira, ngā pouaka tio iti te kaha i ngā toa hokomaha) he iti iho i te 5 tau te roa o te whakamahinga, ka taea e ēnei otinga te whakatika i te korenga o te whakamatao i te utu 1/5 ki ​​te 1/3 noa iho o te whakakapinga i te waeine katoa.

2.2.1 Te Horoi me te Whakarerekētanga o te Evaporator

① Tango Hukapapa: Whakamahia te "whakarewa hau wera" (whakawetohia te taputapu ka pupuhi i ngā tara o te evaporator ki te pupuhi hau wera i raro i te 50℃) me ngā "kaiwhakarewa hukapapa kai-kai" rānei (hei karo i te waikura). I muri i te tango hukapapa, ka taea te whakahoki i te pai o te whakamatao ki te neke atu i te 90%; ② Te whānui o te evaporator: Mena kāore i te rawaka te horahanga o te evaporator taketake, tukua ngā kaihanga ngaio ki te tāpiri i ngā tara (te whakanui ake i te horahanga marara wera mā te 20%-30) i te utu tata ki te RMB 500-800.

2.2.2 Te Tiaki i te Pūhiko me te Pūwhakamatao

① Whakamātautau mahi a te pūwero: Whakamahia he ine pēhanga hei tirotiro i te pēhanga tukunga (ko te pēhanga tukunga noa mō te hauhautanga R404A he 1.8-2.2MPa). Mena kāore i te rawaka te pēhanga, whakakapia te pūnga pūwero (te utu: tata ki te RMB 100-200) whakatikahia rānei ngā takirere; mena kua tawhito te pūwero (kua whakamahia mō te neke atu i te 8 tau), whakakapia ki tētahi pūwero ingoa waitohu o te mana ōrite (hei tauira, Danfoss, Embraco) mō te utu tata ki te RMB 1,500-2,000; ② Whakakī anō i te hauhautanga: Kimihia tuatahi ngā wāhi turuturu (panihia he wai hopi ki ngā hononga paipa), kātahi ka whakakī anō i te hauhautanga kia rite ki ngā paerewa (tata ki te 1.2-1.5kg o te R404A mō ngā pouaka tio 1000L) mō te utu tata ki te RMB 300-500.

2.3 Te Whakahaere Pāmahana Atamai me te Arotautanga Rere Hau: Te Whakapai Ake i te Pūmautanga o te Whakamatao

Ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei otinga me ngā otinga e rua kua whakahuatia ake nei. Mā te whakapai ake i te hangarau, ka whakaitihia te wawaotanga a te tangata, ā, he pai hoki mō ngā tohunga hokohoko ki te "whakarerekē mohio" i ngā taputapu o nāianei.

2.3.1 Pūnaha Whakahaere Pāmahana Tirotiro-Rua

Whakakapia te whakamahana kotahi-tirohanga taketake ki tētahi "pūnaha rua-tirohanga" (kua tāutahia ki te 1/3 teitei o ngā paparanga o runga me raro) hei aroturuki i te rerekētanga pāmahana o te kāpata i te wā tonu. Ina neke atu te rerekētanga pāmahana i te 2℃, ka whakarerekē aunoa i te tere o te pā (ka whakatere i te pā o runga, ka whakaiti i te tere o te pā o raro), ka whakapai ake i te ōritetanga pāmahana mā te 40% i te utu tata ki te RMB 300-500.

2.3.2 Te Whakarerekētanga o te Pūrere Whakakā Hau

Tāutahia ngā pereti ārai ka taea te tango (he rauemi PP kounga kai) ki roto i te pouaka tio poutū hei ārahi i te hau makariri mai i muri ki ngā taha e rua, hei ārai i te "mahana ake o runga, mātao ake o raro" e puta mai i te totohu tika o te hau makariri. Whai muri i te whakarerekētanga, ka taea te whakaiti i te pāmahana o te paparanga o runga mā te 3-4℃ i te utu RMB 100-200 anake.

3. Arotautanga Kore-Hangarau: Rautaki Whakahaere Utu-iti mō ngā Tohunga Hoko

Haunga te whakarerekētanga o ngā taputapu, ka taea e ngā tohunga hokohoko te whakataurite i te whakamahinga me te tiaki hei whakaiti i te auau o te kore e ranea te whakamatao me te whakaroa i te roa o te ratonga o ngā taputapu.

3.1 Ngā Paerewa Whakamahinga o ia Rā: Ngā Mahi Matua e 3

① Whakahaerehia te auau me te roa o te whakatuwheratanga o te tatau: Whakawhāitihia te whakatuwheratanga o te tatau ki te ≤30 wā ia rā, me te roa o te whakatuwheratanga kotahi ki te ≤30 hēkona; whakairihia ngā whakamaumahara "whakahoki tere" ki te taha o te pouaka tio; ② Te rokiroki tika o ngā kai: Whai i te kaupapa "ngā mea mama ki runga, ngā mea taumaha ki raro; kia iti ake ngā mea ki mua, kia nui ake ki muri," me pupuri ngā kai kia ≥10cm te tawhiti atu i ngā putanga hau kia kore ai e aukati i te rere o te hau makariri; ③ Whakahaere pāmahana taiao: Whakanohoia te pouaka tio ki tētahi wāhi e pai ana te hau me te pāmahana taiao ≤25℃, kia matara atu i ngā pūtake wera (hei tauira, ngā oumu, ngā whakamahana), me te pupuri i te tawhiti ≥20cm i waenganui i te tuara o te pouaka tio me te pakitara.

3.2 Mahere Tiaki Auau: Rārangi Arowhai Ā-Hauwhā/Ā-Tau

Ka taea e ngā tohunga hokohoko te whakawhanake i tētahi rārangi arowhai tiaki, me te tuku i ngā kaimahi whakahaere me te tiaki ki te whakatinana i tēnei, kia kore ai he mahi matua e ngaro:

4. Te Ārai i te Hokonga: Te Karo i ngā Mōrearea Whakamatao Kāore i te Rawaka i te Wāhanga Kōwhiringa

I te wā e hoko ana i ngā pouaka tio poutū arumoni hou, ka taea e ngā tohunga hokohoko te arotahi ki ngā tawhā matua e toru hei karo i te kore e ranea te whakamatao mai i te pūtake, me te whakaiti i ngā utu whakarerekētanga e whai ake nei.

4.1 Kōwhiria ngā Whirihoranga Whakamatao i runga i te "Kākaha + Taupānga"

① Te kaha iti (≤800L, hei tauira, ngā toa hokomaha): Kōwhiringa "whakapūmahana kotahi + pā rua" hei whakataurite i te utu me te ōritetanga; ② Te kaha waenga ki te nui (≥1000L, hei tauira, ngā toa kai/hūpāmakete): Me whiriwhiri "whakapūmahana rua + ara iahiko rua" hei whakarite i te kaha whakamatao me te whakahaere i ngā rerekētanga pāmahana; ③ Ngā tono motuhake (hei tauira, te tio hauora, te rokiroki aihikirīmi): Whakaritenga tāpiri mō te "mahi utu pāmahana iti" (ka whakahohe aunoa i te whakamahana āwhina ina ≤0℃ te pāmahana taiao hei ārai i te kati o te pūwero).

4.2 Ngā Tawhā Wāhanga Matua: 3 Ngā Tohu Me Tirohia

① Pūwhakarewa: Whakaritea ngā "pūwhakarewa hiku ngongo konumohe" (15% teitei ake te pai o te tohatoha wera i ngā ngongo parahi) me te horahanga e tutuki ana i te "≥0.8㎡ mō te kaha 1000L"; ② Pūwhakarewa: Kōwhiria ngā "pūwhakarewa panuku hermetic" (hei tauira, te raupapa Danfoss SC) me te kaha whakamatao e rite ana ki te pouaka tio (≥1200W te kaha whakamatao mō ngā pouaka tio 1000L); ③ Pūwhakarewa: Whakaritea ngā R600a hoa-taiao (uara ODP = 0, e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa taiao EU); karohia te hoko tauira tawhito mā te whakamahi i te R22 (whakakorehia mā te āta).

4.3 Whakatakotoria ngā Tauira me ngā Mahi "Whakatūpato Mōhiotanga"

I te wā e hoko ana, me whai taputapu me: ① Whakatūpato rerekētanga pāmahana (whakaoho oro me te whatu ina nui ake te pāmahana o te kāpata i te uara kua whakaritea mā te 3℃); ② Tātaritanga-ake hapa (e whakaatu ana te mata whakaatu i ngā waehere pēnei i te "E1" mō te rahunga o te evaporator, "E2" mō te rahunga o te compressor); ③ Aroturuki mamao (tirohia te pāmahana me te tūnga whakahaere mā te APP). Ahakoa he 5%-10% teitei ake te utu hoko o ēnei tauira, ka whakaitihia e rātou te 90% o ngā raruraru whakamatao ohorere me te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere me te tiaki.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te whakatau i te korenga o te whakamatao i roto i ngā pouaka tio poutū arumoni me whai huarahi "toru-i-te-kotahi": te tautuhi, ngā otinga, me te ārai. Me tautuhi tuatahi ngā tohunga hoko i ngā pūtake mā roto i ngā tohu, kātahi ka whiriwhiri i te "whakahoutanga rua-whakapūngao," "tiaki wāhanga," "whakarerekētanga atamai" rānei i runga i te kaha o ngā taputapu me te roa o te ratonga, ā, hei whakamutunga ka tutuki i te mahi whakamatao pumau me te arotau utu mā te tiaki paerewa me te kōwhiringa ārai. E taunakihia ana kia whakaritea ngā otinga utu-whai hua mō te wā roa pērā i ngā whakapūngao rua-whakapūngao kia kore ai e nui ake ngā mate whakahaere mai i ngā penapena utu mō te wā poto.