I roto i ngā āhuatanga arumoni, he maha ngā kōra, ngā wai hua, me ētahi atu inu me penapena ki roto i te pouaka whakamātao. Ko te nuinga o ēnei he pouaka whakamātao inu tatau-rua. Ahakoa he tino rongonui ngā mea tatau-kotahi, kua nui ake ngā kōwhiringa nā te utu. Mō ngā kaiwhakamahi, he mea nui kia whai mahi taketake e tutuki ai ā rātou hiahia me te whakahaere utu pai rawa atu. He pono rawa tēnei ina kawemai ana i ngā mano tini taputapu. Ehara i te mea me whakahaere noa ngā utu, engari me whai whakaaro anō hoki ki ngā take e pā ana ki te kounga me te ratonga.
He mea nui anō hoki te utu. Mō te rerekētanga utu i waenga i ngā pouaka whakamatao inu tatau kotahi me tatau rua, ehara i te mea nā te rerekētanga o te kaha anake i puta ai, engari he whakaata whānui o ngā āhuatanga maha pēnei i te utu rauemi, ngā whirihoranga hangarau, me te mahi whai hua o te pūngao.
Te tohatoha o ngā awhe utu me te āhua o te waitohu
I tēnei wā, he nui ngā āhuatanga tohatoha whakarōpū o ngā utu mō ngā pouaka whakamātao inu i te mākete. He whānui te whānuitanga o ngā utu mō ngā pouaka whakamātao inu kotahi-tatau, mai i te tauira Yangzi tino ohanga i te $71.5 mō ngā tauira taketake ki ngā tauira ngaio o te waitohu Williams teitei i te $3105, e kapi ana i ngā hiahia katoa mai i ngā toa hokohoko hapori ki ngā pae inu teitei.
E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga ko ngā utu mō ngā pouaka whakamātao inu tatau kotahi arumoni matua kei waenganui i te $138 ki te $345. I roto i ēnei, ko te utu mō te tauira hau-hau kotahi tatau kotahi Xingxing 230-rita ko te $168.2, ko te utu mō te tauira whai hua pūngao tuatahi Aucma 229-rita ko te $131.0, ā, ko te tauira hau-hau kore Midea 223-rita ko te $172.4 (1249 yuan × 0.138), e hanga ana i tētahi awhe utu waenga mārama.
Ko ngā pouaka whakamātao inu tatau-rua, i te nuinga o te wā, e whakaatu ana i te pikinga o ngā utu, ko te awhe utu taketake kei waenganui i te 153.2 – 965.9 tāra US. Ko te utu whakaheke mō te tauira tatau-rua taketake o Xinfei he 153.2 tāra US, ko te pouaka whakamātao tatau-rua tuatahi 800-rita a Aucma e hokona ana mō te 551.9 tāra US, ko te kāpata whakaaturanga tatau-rua 439-rita a Midea e hokona ana mō te 366.9 tāra US, ā, ko ngā kāpata tatau-rua ritenga teitei ka eke ki te 965.9 tāra US.
He mea tika kia mōhiotia ko te utu toharite mō ngā kāpata tatau-rua he tata ki te $414, he rua te utu toharite mō ngā kāpata tatau-kotahi ($207). He pumau tonu tēnei whanaungatanga maha puta noa i ngā momo waitohu rerekē.
Nā ngā rautaki utu waitohu kua kaha ake te rerekētanga o ngā utu. Ko ngā waitohu ā-rohe pēnei i a Xingxing, Xinfei, me Aucma kua hanga he mākete matua i waenga i te 138-552 tāra US, ko ngā waitohu kawemai pēnei i a Williams he tauira tatau kotahi te utu tae atu ki te 3,105 tāra US. Ko tā rātou utu nui e whakaatahia ana i roto i te hangarau whakahaere pāmahana tika me te hoahoa arumoni. Ko tēnei rerekētanga utu waitohu he nui ake te kitea i roto i ngā tauira tatau rua. Ko te utu o ngā kāpata tatau rua arumoni kounga teitei ka taea te 3-5 ngā wā i te utu o ngā hua rite mai i ngā waitohu ā-rohe, e whakaata ana i te rerekētanga o te tūranga uara i waenga i ngā wāhanga mākete rerekē.
Te tikanga hanga utu me te tātari utu-toru-ahu
Ko te kaha me te utu o ngā rauemi ngā mea matua e whakatau ana i ngā rerekētanga utu. Ko te kaha o ngā pouaka whakamatao inu kotahi-tatau kei waenganui i te 150-350 rita, ko ngā pouaka whakamatao rua-tatau ia ka eke ki te 400-800 rita, ā, ko ētahi tauira i hangaia mō ngā hūpāmakete neke atu i te 1000 rita. Ko te rerekētanga o te kaha ka puta he rerekētanga o ngā utu rauemi; ko ngā pouaka whakamatao rua-tatau e hiahia ana ki te 60%-80% te nui ake o ngā paipa maitai, karāhe, me te whakamatao i ngā pouaka whakamatao kotahi-tatau.
Hei tauira, tirohia te waitohu Xingxing. Ko te utu mō te kāpata tatau kotahi 230-rita he $168.2, ko te utu mō te kāpata tatau rua 800-rita he $551.9. Ka heke te utu mō ia waeine kaha mai i te $0.73 mō ia rita ki te $0.69 mō ia rita, e whakaatu ana i te whakapai ake i te utu i puta mai i te pānga tauine.
Ko ngā whirihoranga hangarau pouaka whakamātao te tuarua o ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki ngā utu. Nā tōna hanganga māmā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana te hangarau whakamatao tika i roto i ngā kāpata tatau kotahi ohanga. Hei tauira, ko te kāpata tatau kotahi Yangzi 120.0 USD e whakamahi ana i te pūnaha whakamatao tika taketake; ko te hangarau hau-kore-huka, me ngā utu teitei ake mō ngā pā me ngā whakapūngao, ka kite i te pikinga nui o te utu. Ko te utu mō te kāpata hau-kore-hau Zhigao tatau kotahi ko te 129.4 USD, he tata ki te 30% teitei ake i te tauira whakamatao tika o taua waitohu anō. Ko ngā kāpata tatau rua he pai ake te whakauru ki te pūnaha whakahaere pāmahana motuhake hau-rua. Ko te utu mō te kāpata hau-kore-hau Midea 439-rita tatau rua ko te 366.9 USD, he 40% teitei ake i ngā tauira whakamatao tika o te kaha kotahi. He nui ake te rerekētanga utu hangarau i roto i ngā tauira tatau rua.
Nā te pānga o ngā whakatauranga whai huatanga pūngao ki ngā utu whakamahinga mō te wā roa, kua akiakihia ngā kaihokohoko kia pai ki te utu i tētahi utu nui mō ngā hua whai huatanga pūngao teitei. Ko te utu mō tētahi kāpata tatau kotahi me te akomanga whai huatanga pūngao 1 he 15%-20% teitei ake i tērā o tētahi hua akomanga 2. Hei tauira, ko te utu mō te kāpata tatau kotahi 229-rita a Aucma me te akomanga whai huatanga pūngao 1 he $131.0, ko te tauira o te kaha ōrite me te akomanga whai huatanga pūngao 2 he tata ki te $110.4. He nui ake te kitea o tēnei utu nui i roto i ngā kāpata tatau rua. Nā te mea ka taea e te rerekētanga o te whakamahinga hiko ā-tau o ngā taputapu kaha nui te eke ki te rau kWh, ko te utu nui mō ngā kāpata tatau rua me te akomanga whai huatanga pūngao 1 he 22%-25% te nuinga, e whakaata ana i te whakaaro o ngā kaihokohoko ki ngā utu whakahaere mō te wā roa.
Tauira TCO me te Rautaki Kōwhiringa
I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā pouaka whakamātao inu arumoni rerekē, me whakatū te ariā o te Utu Katoa o te Mana Pupuri (TCO), kaua e whakataurite noa i ngā utu tīmatanga. Ko te toharite o ngā hoko inu o ia rā o ngā toa hokomaha i ngā hapori o Ūropi me Amerika he tata ki te 80-120 pounamu, ā, ka taea e te pouaka whakamātao kotahi-tatau me te kaha o te 150-250 rita te whakatutuki i te hiahia. Hei tauira, ko te pouaka whakamātao kotahi-tatau 230-rita Xingxing he $168.2, me te whakatauranga whai hua pūngao taumata tuatahi, ko te utu hiko ā-tau he tata ki te $41.4, ā, ko te TCO tau-toru he tata ki te $292.4. Mō ngā hūpāmakete mekameka he toharite o ngā hokonga ia rā neke atu i te 300 pounamu, me hiahiatia he pouaka whakamātao rua-tatau he kaha neke atu i te 400 rita. Ko te utu mō te pouaka whakamātao rua-tatau Aucma 800-rita he $551.9, me te utu hiko ā-tau tata ki te $89.7 me te TCO tau-toru tata ki te $799.9, engari he iti ake te utu rokiroki waeine.
Mō ngā huihuinga tari, mō ngā tari iti me ngā tari waenga (me te 20-50 tāngata), he rawaka te kāpata tatau kotahi, tata ki te 150 rita. Hei tauira, ko te kāpata tatau kotahi ōhanga Yangzi 71.5 USD, me te utu hiko ā-tau o te 27.6 USD, ka hua ake he utu katoa o te 154.3 USD mō ngā tau e toru. Mō ngā pātaka, ngā wāhi manaaki manuhiri rānei i roto i ngā umanga nui, ka taea te whakaaro ki te kāpata tatau rua 300-rita. Ko te utu mō te kāpata tatau rua Midea 310-rita tata ki te 291.2 USD, me te TCO toru tau tata ki te 374.0 USD, ka whakaiti i te utu whakamahinga waeine mā tōna painga kaha.
Ko ngā pae inu papai te nuinga o te wā ka whiriwhiri i ngā waitohu ngaio pērā i a Williams. Ahakoa he nui te haumitanga tuatahi mō te kāpata tatau kotahi, arā, ko te utu he 3105 tāra US, mā te whakahaere pāmahana tika (te rerekētanga pāmahana ±0.5℃) me te hoahoa puku (≤40 decibels) ka taea te whakarite i te kounga o ngā inu papai. Mō ngā taiao makuku pērā i ngā kīhini wharekai, me whakamahi ngā tauira motuhake me ngā raina kowiri tira. Ko te utu mō ēnei kāpata tatau rua he tata ki te 30% teitei ake i te utu mō ngā tauira noa. Hei tauira, ko te utu mō te kāpata tatau rua kowiri tira Xinfei he 227.7 tāra US (1650 yuan × 0.138), he 55.2 tāra US teitei ake i te tauira noa me te kaha ōrite.
Ngā Auahatanga Mākete me ngā Whakataunga Hoko
I te tau 2025, ka whakaatuhia e te mākete whakamatao inu tētahi ia o ngā whakahoutanga hangarau me te rerekētanga utu. He pānga nui tō ngā pikinga o ngā utu rauemi mata ki ngā utu; ko te pikinga 5% o ngā utu o te maitai kore waikura kua piki ake te utu o ngā whakamatao tatau-rua ki te $20.7 pea, ā, ko te rongonuitanga o ngā pūwhakakoi inverter kua piki ake ngā utu o ngā tauira papai mā te 10%-15%. I taua wā tonu, ko te whakamahinga o ngā hangarau hou pērā i te pūngao āwhina photovoltaic kua hua ake he utu 30% mō ngā whakamatao tatau-rua e penapena ana i te kaha, heoi, ka taea e tēnei te whakaiti i ngā whakapaunga hiko mā te neke atu i te 40%, ā, he pai mō ngā toa he pai ngā āhuatanga rama.
Me whai whakaaro whānuitia ngā āhuatanga e toru i roto i ngā whakataunga hoko:
（1）Te rahinga hoko toharite o ia rā
Tuatahi, whakatauhia te kaha e hiahiatia ana i runga i te rahinga hoko toharite o ia rā. He pai te kāpata tatau kotahi mō ngā āhuatanga he ≤ 150 pounamu te rahinga hoko toharite o ia rā, ko te kāpata tatau rua ia e rite ana ki te whakaritenga o ≥ 200 pounamu.
（2）Te roa o te whakamahinga
Tuarua, arotakehia te roa o te whakamahinga. Mō ngā āhuatanga e neke atu ana i te 12 hāora te roa o te mahi i te rā, me aro nui ki ngā tauira he pai te whakamahi i te pūngao taumata tuatahi. Ahakoa he nui ake te utu mō ia wae, ka taea te whakahoki mai i te rerekētanga utu i roto i ngā tau e rua.
（3）Ngā matea motuhake
Kia aro ki ngā hiahia motuhake. Hei tauira, he pai te mahi kore-huka mō ngā wāhi makuku, ā, he pai te hoahoa raka mō ngā āhuatanga kāore he tangata e tiaki ana. Ka puta he piki me te heke o te utu i waenga i te 10% me te 20%.
Hei tāpiritanga, he wāhanga anō hoki o ngā utu kawe. Ko ngā utu kawe me te tāutanga o ngā kāpata tatau-rua he 50%-80% teitei ake i ērā o ngā kāpata tatau-kotahi. Ko ētahi kāpata tatau-rua nui me hiki ake e te tohunga, me te whakapaunga tāpiri tata ki te 41.4-69.0 tāra US.
Mō ngā utu tiaki, nā te hanganga uaua o ngā kāpata tatau-rua, ka nui ake te utu tiaki i te 40% i ērā o ngā kāpata tatau-kotahi. Nō reira, he mea pai kia whiriwhiria ngā waitohu he whatunga ratonga whai muri i te hoko whānui. Ahakoa he 10% teitei ake te utu tīmatanga, he nui ake ngā taurangi e tukuna ana mō te whakamahinga roa.
I ia tau, ka whakahoutia ngā taputapu rerekē. He maha ngā kaiwhakarato e kī ana kāore e taea e rātou te kaweake i ā rātou hua. Ko te take matua, ki te kore he auahatanga, kāore he whakakorenga. Ko te nuinga o ngā hua kei te mākete he tauira tawhito tonu, ā, kāore he take a ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te whakahou i ā rātou ake taputapu.
E whakaatu ana te tātaritanga whānui o ngā raraunga mākete ko te rerekētanga utu i waenga i ngā pouaka whakamātao inu tatau-rua me tatau-kotahi he hua o ngā pānga whakakotahi o te kaha, te hangarau, me te whai huatanga o te pūngao. I roto i te kōwhiringa tūturu, me neke atu i te whakaaro noa o te whakatairite i ngā utu, me whakatū he pūnaha aromatawai TCO i runga i ngā horopaki whakamahinga hei whakatau i te whakatau haumi taputapu tino pai.
Te wā tuku: Hepetema-16-2025 Ngā tirohanga: