He aha te matotoru whānui o te paparanga whakamarumaru i roto i te pouaka tio aihikirīmi?

Tērā pea kua tūtaki ngā hoa e whakahaere ana i ngā toa kai reka, i ngā toa hokomaha rānei ki tēnei āhuatanga whakapoauau: E rua ngā pouaka tio aihikirīmi e whakamahanatia ana ki te -18°C, ka pau pea te 5 kWh o te hiko i te rā, ko tētahi atu e whakamahi ana i te 10 kWh. Ka mau tonu te maeneene o te aihikirīmi hou i roto i ētahi pouaka tio, engari ka hukapapa tonu, ka whakapakeke i ētahi atu. Ko te pono, ko te matotoru o te paparanga whakamarumaru te mea e whakatau ana i te hua.

He tokomaha e whakaaro ana "he pai ake te matotoru o te whakamarumaru," engari e mōhio ana ngā tohunga o te umanga he moumou pūngao me te moni te kore matotoru, ka pau rānei te wāhi rokiroki.

I. Ko te Matotoru o te Ārai Matua kei waenga i te 50-100mm, he mea whakarite mō ngā horopaki motuhake

Kāore he take ki te rapu tonu—ko te matotoru matua o ngā kāpata aihikirīmi kei waenganui i te 50-100mm. Heoi, ehara tēnei i te uara pumau. He rerekē ngā matotoru mō ngā āhuatanga whakamahinga me ngā whakaritenga pāmahana.

He kōrero motuhake: Me kaha ake ngā paerewa whakamahana mō te rokiroki aihikirīmi. E ai ki te maha o ngā tohunga rokiroki matao e whakamahi ana i ngā papaaho pēnei i a Douyin, me whai paparanga whakamahana kia 15cm (150mm) te matotoru o te rokiroki aihikirīmi i te -22°C ki te -25°C kia pai ai te whai hua o te pūngao. Ahakoa kāore e hiahiatia ana tēnei matotoru mō ngā kāpata aihikirīmi, kaua rawa ngā tauira pāmahana tino iti e heke iho i te 100mm.

II. He mea nui ēnei āhuatanga e whā mō te whai huatanga o te ārai wera

He maha ngā pakihi e aro ana ki te matotoru anake i te wā e hoko ana, ā, ka warewarehia ngā āhuatanga nui ake. Ko te "kaha pupuri wera" o te panera e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā pānga o te matotoru, te rauemi, te tukanga hanga, me te hanganga—kāore e whai hua tonu te tāpiri matotoru noa.

1. Me nui ake ngā panera matotoru mō ngā rerekētanga pāmahana nui ake

Ko te mahi matua o te whakamarumaru he aukati i te whakawhiti wera i waenga i te roto me te waho. Mēnā he nui ake te rerekētanga o te pāmahana, me nui ake te matotoru. Hei tauira, i roto i te taiao o roto e 25°C, me 70mm te matotoru o te kāpata aihikirīmi -18°C. Heoi, ki te whakanohoia ki roto i te tūru o waho e 38°C, me whakanui ake te matotoru ki te neke atu i te 90mm kia mau tonu ai te pāmahana. He rite tēnei ki te mau i te koti huruhuru i te takurua: me whai koti matotoru i ngā rohe raki i te -20°C, engari me whai koti angiangi i ngā rohe tonga i te 5°C.

2. Pahuka PU Matua: He mea nui ake te mātotoru i te matotoru

Tata ki te katoa o ngā kāpata aihikirīmi e whakamahi ana i te pahuka polyurethane mārō (PU). E whakamanamana ana tēnei rauemi ki te tere pūtau-kati tae atu ki te 95% me te kawe wera iti iho i te 0.018-0.024 W/(m·K), koia te "tino pai" o te whakamarumaru. Heoi, kia mōhio: Me ≥40kg/m³ te mātotoru o te pahuka PU; ki te kore, ahakoa he matotoru rawa, ka raru te whakamarumaru i ngā āputa o roto. Ka whakaitihia e ētahi kaihanga ngā utu mā te whakamahi i te pahuka honikoma hei utu mō te pahuka totoka, ka whakaitihia te mahi whakamarumaru mā te 30%. Ahakoa he 80mm te matotoru, ko tōna whai huatanga tuturu he iti iho i te 50mm o te pahuka PU kounga teitei.

3. He whakamarumaru matotoru ake mō te whakatuwheratanga o ngā tatau i ngā wā katoa

Ko ngā kāpata aihikirīmi o ngā toa hokohoko, e whakatuwheratia ana i ngā wā maha i te rā e ngā kaihoko, ka tere te ngaronga o te makariri, me te matotoru ake o te whakamahana 20mm i ngā kāpata whare. Ehara i te mea ko ngā tauira o waho anake ka pāngia e te piki me te heke o te pāmahana, engari ko te hihi tika o te rā me te huarere, ka hiahiatia he matotoru 10-20mm anō hoki. I tetahi atu taha, ko ngā kāpata whare he iti te auau whakatuwheratanga e hiahia ana kia 50mm noa iho te whakamahana kounga teitei. Ka pau te wāhi rokiroki nui ki te matotoru rawa.

4. Ko te Ārai i ngā "Pānga Piriti Wera" ka Pai ake i te Whakamātotoru

Ahakoa te matotoru o ētahi kāpata aihikirīmi, kāore e mau tonu te makariri nā te "piriti wera". Hei tauira, ko ngā whāriki whakarewa, ko ngā hiri tatau rānei kāore i te pai te hoahoa, he rite tonu ki ngā "kōhao i roto i te kākahu whakamahana", e tuku ana i te wera kia puta tika atu. Koinei te take e tāpirihia ai e ētahi kaihanga he whakamahana tāpiri ki ngā hononga whakarewa—ahakoa he angiangi ake te whakamahana whānui, he pai ake tā rātou mahi i ngā hua matotoru, kāore i te pai te whakamahana.

III. Mā te whiriwhiri i te matotoru tika ka taea te penapena i ngā utu hiko nui ia tau

Ka pā tika te matotoru o te ārai wera ki ngā pire hiko. Mā te tauira whakawhiti wera māmā nei ka whakamāramahia te take: he rite whakamuri te tere whakawhiti wera ki te matotoru. Mā te matotoru rawa ka uaua ake te urunga o te wera, ka whakaitihia te hiahia mō te whakahohenga auau o te pūnaha whakamatao, ā, ka whakaitihia hoki te whakapaunga pūngao.

Whakaarohia tēnei tauira o te ao tūturu: Ko te kāpata aihikirīmi o tētahi toa hokomaha he 70mm te matotoru, e pau ana i te 8 kWh ia rā. I muri i te whakakapinga ki tētahi kāpata 90mm te matotoru o taua tauira anō, ka heke te paunga o ia rā ki te 5.5 kWh. I te tere hokohoko o te 1.2 yuan/kWh, ko te penapena ā-tau ko te (8-5.5) × 365 × 1.2 = 1,095 yuan. Heoi, kia mōhio koe, i tua atu i te matotoru o te 100mm, ka iti haere te penapena pūngao. Hei tauira, ko te kāpata 120mm he 0.3 kWh anake te penapena ia rā, ki te whakaritea ki te tauira 100mm, engari ka whakaitihia te kaha rokiroki mā te 15%—ka kore e whai hua.

IV. Ngā Tohutohu e Toru hei Ārai i te "Matotoru Rūpahu" me te "Tuhinga Mahi Kino"

He maha ngā mahi tinihanga a te umanga, pērā i te tapanga i te matotoru 80mm engari ko te 60mm anake te mea e tukuna ana, te tutuki rānei i ngā paerewa matotoru mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga pahuka iti iho i te pai. Anei ētahi tirotiro māmā e toru hei tautuhi i ēnei take me te kore he taputapu motuhake:

1. Paunatia: Mō te kaha ōrite, he pono ake ngā waeine taumaha ake.

He nui ake te matotoru o te pahuka PU kounga teitei, ā, ka taumaha ake. Hei tauira, e rua ngā kāpata aihikirīmi 153L: ko te tauira kounga teitei ka 62 jin (tata ki te 31.5 lbs), ko te tauira kounga iti ka 48 jin anake (tata ki te 24.8 lbs). Ko tēnei taumaha mama ake he tohu pea kāore i te rawaka te matotoru o te pahuka, he iti rānei te matotoru.

2. Tirohia te āputa i waenganui i te hiri me te tinana o te kāpata

Ko ngā rīpene hiri te "kī āwhina" ki te whakamahana. Me mārō te āhua ina pēhia, ā, me hanga he hiri piri, kāore he āputaputa ki te kāpata ina kati. Ko ngā pakaru, ko ngā pupuhi rānei i ngā kokonga o te kāpata e tohu ana i te tohatoha pahuka koretake, e tohu ana pea i ngā āputaputa i roto i te paparanga whakamahana.

3. Tirohia te pāmahana o te mata: I muri i te 2 hāora o te mahi, me kore te mata o te kāpata e whakaatu i te hauhautanga, i te wera nui rānei.

I muri i te rua hāora o te mahi, pā atu ki te taha o waho o te kāpata. Mēnā ka puta te hauhautanga (te werawera) ka kitea rānei te wera, he tohu tēnei he ngoikore te whakamarumaru—he iti te matotoru, he raruraru rauemi/hanga rānei. I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, me tata te pāmahana o te mata o te kāpata ki te pāmahana taiao, he iti noa te mātao.

V. Manatokohia ēnei Paerewa hei karo i ngā hua iti iho i te paerewa

Me tutuki ngā kāpata aihikirīmi tika i ngā paerewa e tika ana, pērā i te GB 4706.1 “Te Haumaru o ngā Taputapu Hiko o te Whare me ērā atu Taputapu Hiko” me te T/CAR 12—2022 “Te Whakarōpūtanga, Ngā Whakaritenga, me ngā Tikanga Whakamātautau mō ngā Pouaka Tio Aihikirīmi.”

Ahakoa kāore ēnei paerewa e whakahau ana i ngā matotoru motuhake, he mārama ngā whakaritenga e pā ana ki te mahi whakamahana. Hei tauira, me iti rawa te tauwehenga whakawhiti wera (uara-K) kia rite ai te pāmahana o roto me te whai huatanga o te pūngao.

I te wā e hoko ana, me tono atu ki te kaihoko kia homai he pūrongo whakamātautau. Kia arotahi ki te "tau whakawhiti wera" me te "kiato pahuka o te paparanga whakamarumaru." Mena ka tutuki ēnei inenga e rua i ngā paerewa, me ngā awhe matotoru kua whakahuatia ake nei, ka karohia e koe ngā mahanga.

Ngā mea matua hei ako:Kaua e whakatau noa i te matotoru o te whakamahana mō ngā kāpata aihikirīmi. Kōwhiria te 50-70mm mō te whakamahi kāinga, 70-90mm mō ngā tautuhinga arumoni o roto, me te 90-150mm mō ngā tono o waho/pāmahana tino iti. Whakatauhia te matotoru o te pahuka PU me te tukanga hanga, kātahi ka whakarerekē i runga i ngā āhuatanga whakamahinga. Mā tēnei ka whai hua te whakamahana me te kore e moumou wāhi, utu hiko rānei.