Kodi mungagule bwanji zoziziritsa kukhosi zogulira ma supermarket? Nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kuchokera kumayiko omwe adachokera kapena kutumizidwa kuchokera kumayiko ena. Mtengo wolowera kunja ndi pafupifupi 20% wokwera kuposa mtengo wadziko lomwe adachokera, kutengera mtundu ndi magawo atsatanetsatane. Mwachitsanzo, zoziziritsa kuchipinda zagalasi zowongoka nthawi zambiri zimayambira pa $1000 mpaka $5000.
Zomwe zikukhudza mtengowo ndizomwe zidagulidwa, matchanelo, kuchuluka kwake, komanso momwe msika uliri. Kusintha kwa chinthu chilichonse kungayambitse mitengo yosiyana, yomwe imakhala yofanana ndi kusinthasintha kwachisawawa.
Kufotokozera kwa zida kumakhudzanso zinthu monga mphamvu, ntchito, ndi zida. Mwachitsanzo, mafiriji ang'onoang'ono (200-400L) amawononga pafupifupi $1100, zazikulu (600L) amawononga $2000, ndipo mtengo wa zoziziritsa kukhosi zimatha kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili.
Pankhani ya ntchito, zomwe zilipo panopa zikuphatikiza kutentha kwanzeru, kupulumutsa mphamvu, firiji mofulumira, ndi kutseketsa, zomwe zimawonjezera mtengo ndi 40%. Kupulumutsa mphamvu kumawonekera makamaka pakutengera mphamvu zamtundu woyamba. Mfundo ya firiji yofulumira ndi kupanga kompresa kuthamanga kwambiri.
Zotsatira za tchanelo pamitengo zimasiyanasiyana. Mtengo wotsika wa fakitale sukutanthauza kuti mtengo womaliza udzakhala wotsika. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti malonda akunja akunja amaphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana ndi ndalama. Makampani ena ochita zamalonda okhazikika potumiza kunja zoziziritsa zowongoka zilinso njira zofunika kwambiri. Pogula, m'pofunika kuwerengera mtengo woyerekeza ndikusankha mwa kusanthula.
Komanso, musaiwale ubwino wa njira zina zamalonda. Mwachitsanzo, kugula zinthu zambiri m’mafakitale n’kosavuta, koma ngati kuli kopangidwa mwachizolowezi, mtengo wake nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera. Chifukwa chake, njira zina zogulitsira ndizosankha zabwino za zida zowongoka.
Pankhani yogula zinthu, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi malo ogulitsira, masitolo akuluakulu, ndi masitolo ogulitsa, komwe kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kwakukulu. Otsatsa ena apereka kuchotsera kutengera kuchuluka kwake, nthawi zambiri 2% -10%, ndipo kuchotsera kumatengeranso kuchuluka kwake.
Zindikirani kuti mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa katundu wokhala ndi zinthu zosalimba monga galasi nthawi zambiri umakhala wapamwamba kusiyana ndi wamba zinthu zosalimba. Zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri zitha kufufuzidwa mwachidule kuchokera pamiyeso itatu: mtengo wazinthu, mtengo wamapaketi, ndi zolipirira zoopsa:
(1) Mtengo wokwera wazinthu
Zitseko za zoziziritsa zowongoka zimakhala ndi magalasi, ndipo zinthu zosalimba zimakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri pamayendedwe. Njira zokhazikika zoyendera (monga kutumiza zotengera zonse zonyamula katundu m'nyanja ndi malo apadera onyamula katundu wandege) ziyenera kusankhidwa kuti zipewe kuphulika ndi kugundana mumayendedwe a LCL (Zochepa kuposa Container Load).
(2) Ndalama zonyamula katundu
Kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo, zida zaukadaulo zama buffer (monga thovu, kukulunga kwa thovu, mapaleti amatabwa, makatoni amtundu wa shockproof, ndi zina zambiri) ndizofunikira, komanso zotengera zomwe sizingalowe m'madzi komanso zosagwira ntchito. Mtengo wa zida zolongedza ndi ndalama zopangira pamanja ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa za katundu wamba.
(3) Chiwopsezo chamtengo wapatali
Ogulitsa kunja akuyenera kukhala ndi chiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zosalimba pakutsitsa, kutsitsa, mayendedwe, ndi chilolezo cha kasitomu. Angafunike kugula inshuwaransi yonyamula katundu yophimba "chiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka" (malipiro nthawi zambiri amakhala gawo lina la mtengo wa katundu). Zikawonongeka, ndalama zowonjezera zowonjezera, kubweza, ndi kusinthanitsa zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito (monga mayendedwe achiwiri, kubwezanso ndalama zolipirira, etc.). Mitengo yachiwopsezoyi idzaperekedwa mwanjira ina pamtengo wotumizira, ndikupanga ndalama zobisika.
Kuphatikiza apo, maiko ena ali ndi malamulo okhwima oyendera mayendedwe a kasitomu pazinthu zosalimba (monga kuyang'ana ngati mapaketi akutsatiridwa, zizindikiro zachitetezo, ndi zina zotero). Ngati zofunikira zowonjezera zowunikira ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa, zitha kuonjezeranso ndalama zochepa zogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimakhudzanso mtengo womaliza wotumizira.
Mwachidule, "mtengo wabwino kwambiri" wa amalonda ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati omwe akugula unit imodzi nthawi zambiri amakhala pakati mpaka otsika mtengo wamtengo wapatali (mwachitsanzo, 400L zitsanzo za firiji zimagula $1100-$5500). Pazogula zambiri (mayunitsi 5 ndi kupitilira apo), mtengo wabwino kwambiri ukhoza kuchepetsedwa kukhala 70% -80% ya mtengo woyambira, ndipo kuyenera kuperekedwa patsogolo kumayendedwe ochulukirapo kudzera mwa ogawa kapena kugula mwachindunji kuchokera kwa opanga munthawi yanthawi yopuma, kutengera mtengo ndi ntchito yogulitsa pambuyo pake.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-02-2025 Maonedwe: