M’malonda a padziko lonse amene akuchulukirachulukira, malonda otumiza kunja kwa mafiriji akuluakulu amachitika pafupipafupi. Kwa mabizinesi ambiri omwe akuchita zogulitsa kunja kwa firiji ndi makasitomala omwe ali ndi zofunikira zogula, kumvetsetsa nthawi yofunikira pakutumiza kwakukulu kumayiko osiyanasiyana ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kutalika kwa nthawiyi sikumangokhudza kukonzekera kwa chain chain komanso kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi zinthu monga kuwongolera mtengo wabizinesi komanso kukhutira kwamakasitomala. Kenako, tipenda mozama zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza nthawi yamayendedwe azinthu zazikulu zotumiza kunja kwa firiji ndikufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane nthawi yomwe ikufunika kuti titumize kumayiko ena akuluakulu.
I. Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri Zomwe Zimakhudza Nthawi Yoyendetsa Nthawi Yazikulu - Zotumiza Zazikulu za Firiji
1.Kusiyana kwa njira zoyendera
(1) Kutumiza panyanja:
Lili ndi ubwino waukulu wa katundu wonyamula katundu ndi mtengo wotsika, koma liwiro lake lamayendedwe ndilochepa. Nthawi zambiri, potumiza zotengera wamba, kuyambira nthawi yomwe katunduyo amakwezedwa m'sitima padoko lonyamuka mpaka atatsitsidwa padoko lomwe akupita, njirayi imatha kutenga masiku 15 - 45, kutengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga mtunda wapakati pa doko lonyamuka ndi doko lomwe mukupita, kutanganidwa kwa njira yotumizira ikufunika, komanso ngati kutumizirako kumafunika. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kutumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku gombe lakumadzulo kwa United States, nthawi zonse, nthawi yoyendetsa ndi pafupifupi 15 - 25 masiku; ngati kutumiza ku gombe lakum'mawa kwa United States, chifukwa cha mtunda wautali komanso kufunikira kotheka kudutsa mumtsinje wa Panama, nthawi yoyendetsa idzapititsidwa ku 25 - 35 masiku.
(2) Zonyamula ndege
Mbali yake yaikulu ndi liwiro. Nthawi zambiri imathandizira kunyamula mafiriji ang'onoang'ono, koma sizotheka kwa zazikulu - zazikulu. Njira kuyambira pomwe katunduyo amatumizidwa kundege mpaka atatsitsidwa pa eyapoti komwe akupita kumangotenga masiku 1 - 7. Ichi ndi chisankho chabwino kwa makasitomala omwe amafunikira katunduyo mwachangu kapena maoda apadera omwe ali ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Komabe, katundu wa ndege ndi wokwera mtengo, ndipo kwa mafiriji akuluakulu, omwe ndi aakulu komanso olemera kwambiri, oyendetsa ndege amatha kukhala ndi zoletsa zina pokhudzana ndi kukonza malo a kanyumba. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri zimatenga masiku 3 - 5 kuti mupite ndege - kunyamula mafiriji akuluakulu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Europe, koma ngati ili nthawi yapamwamba kwambiri yamayendedwe apandege kapena pali zochitika zapadera pamayendetsedwe apabwalo la ndege, nthawi yamayendedwe imathanso kuchedwa.
(3) Zoyendera pamtunda
Pakati pa maiko oyandikana nawo kapena madera ena okhala ndi malo athunthu - maukonde oyendera, mayendedwe apamtunda ndi njira yotumizira kunja kwa katundu wamkulu. Kwa mafiriji akuluakulu, mayendedwe apamtunda amafunikira. Nthawi yoyendera yoyendera pamtunda imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtunda ndi misewu, nthawi zambiri imatenga masiku 1 - 10. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kunyamula mafiriji akuluakulu kuchokera ku China kupita kumayiko ena akum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia panjira kapena njanji, ngati njira yoyendera ili yosalala, ingangotenga masiku 3 - 5 kuti ifike. Komabe, ngati pali njira zovuta zochotsera malire, kumanga misewu, ndi zina zotero, nthawi yoyendetsa ikhoza kuwonjezereka kwambiri.
2.Customs chilolezo bwino dziko kopita
Maiko otukuka: M’maiko otukuka monga United States, United Kingdom, ndi Germany, njira yololeza katundu wolowa m’dziko ndi yokhazikika komanso yothandiza. Nthawi zambiri, malinga ndi zikalata zonse ndi zidziwitso zolondola, nthawi yovomerezeka yapanyanja - katundu wonyamula katundu nthawi zambiri amakhala 2 - 5 masiku ogwira ntchito, komanso kuti katundu wa ndege ndi 1 - 3 masiku ogwira ntchito. Kutengera United States mwachitsanzo, panyanja - katundu wonyamula katundu, nthawi zambiri amatenga 2 - 5 masiku ogwira ntchito kuchokera pakutumiza zikalata zonse kuti amasulidwe; katundu wa mpweya, nthawi zambiri amatenga 1 - 3 masiku ogwira ntchito kuti amalize chilolezo cha kasitomu. Komabe, ngati pali zolakwika kapena zosamveka bwino pakulengeza kwa katunduyo, kapena ngati katunduyo amawunikidwa mwachisawawa ndi miyambo ndikuwunikanso kwina, nthawi yololeza milatho idzakulitsidwa molingana, mwina mpaka 7 - 10 masiku kapena kupitilira apo.
Mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene: Chifukwa cha zifukwa monga mayendedwe opanda ungwiro a kasitomu ndi kufooka kwa zomangamanga m'mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene, njira zololeza katundu wolowa m'malo zimakhala zochepa. Nthawi yachilolezo imatha kutenga masiku 3 - 10, ndipo nthawi zina zapadera, imatha kupitilira masiku 10. Mwachitsanzo, m’maiko ena a mu Afirika, malamulo a kasitomu ndi ovuta, kubwereza zikalata n’kokhwima, ndipo pangakhale mavuto monga kusakwanira kwa anthu ogwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti katundu azikhala kwanthawi yayitali. Kuonjezera apo, ndondomeko za kasitomu za mayiko ena omwe akutukuka kumene sizingakhale zokhazikika ndipo zikhoza kusinthidwa nthawi iliyonse, zomwe zimabweretsanso kusatsimikizika kuntchito yochotsera katundu ndikuwonjezera nthawi yoyendera.
4.Zokhudza nthawi zapadera ndi zadzidzidzi
Tchuthi:Patchuthi china chofunikira, kuwongolera bwino kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka anthu Mwachitsanzo, patchuthi chakumadzulo monga Khrisimasi ndi Chaka Chatsopano, komanso Chikondwerero cha Spring ku China, munthawi imeneyi, ogwira ntchito m'mabizinesi opangira zinthu amatenga tchuthi, ndipo nthawi yogwira ntchito zamasitomala imasinthidwanso moyenerera, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa mayendedwe ndi kuloledwa kwa katundu. Nthawi zambiri tikulimbikitsidwa kukonza zotumiza kunja kwa milungu 2 - 3 kuti tchuthichi chifike pachimake kuti tipewe kuchedwa kwambiri kwa nthawi yamayendedwe.
Kusintha kwa ndondomeko zamalonda:Kusintha kwa ndondomeko zamalonda za mayiko osiyanasiyana kumakhudza mwachindunji nthawi ya kayendedwe ka katundu wamkulu wa firiji. Pamene dziko lopitako likuyambitsa ndondomeko zatsopano zamalonda, monga kuonjezera mitengo yamtengo wapatali kapena kuonjezera zoletsa zakunja, mabizinesi amafunikira nthawi yosinthira ndikusintha zikalata zolengeza ndi njira, zomwe zingayambitse kuonjezeredwa kwa nthawi yovomerezeka. Mwachitsanzo, ngati dziko litakhazikitsa mwadzidzidzi mphamvu zatsopano - zovomerezeka zovomerezeka zamafiriji omwe atumizidwa kunja, bizinesi yotumiza kunja imayenera kukonzekeranso ziphaso zoyenera, komanso miyambo iyeneranso kuwunikiranso zida izi, zomwe mosakayikira zidzakulitsa mtengo wanthawi ya chilolezo cha kasitomu.
Force majeure factor:Kuchitika kwa zinthu zamphamvu zazikulu monga masoka achilengedwe, nkhondo, ndi zochitika zaumoyo za anthu zidzasokoneza kwambiri kayendedwe kazinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, mphepo yamkuntho yadzidzidzi ingayambitse kutsekedwa kwa doko kwa masiku angapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kukweza ndi kutulutsa katundu pa nthawi yake; mikangano yachigawo ingakhudze chitetezo cha njira yoyendera, kukakamiza mabizinesi opanga zinthu kuti asinthe njira yoyendera, motero amakulitsa nthawi yoyendera.
II. Pafupifupi Nthawi Yofunika Kuti Titumize Zida Zazikulu-zafiriji (mafiriji, Zowuzira) ku Maiko Akuluakulu
1. Tumizani ku United States
Kutumiza panyanja:Ngati kuchoka ku madoko akuluakulu achi China kupita ku madoko a kumadzulo kwa gombe la United States, monga Los Angeles ndi Long Beach, pansi pa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwekazi ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kawiri kawiri kawiri Kuonjezera nthawi yovomerezeka yovomerezeka ya 2 - 5 masiku ogwira ntchito ku United States, nthawi yonse ya mayendedwe ndi pafupifupi masiku 18 - 25. Ngati kutumiza ku madoko a kum'maŵa kwa gombe la United States, monga New York ndi New Jersey, chifukwa cha mtunda wautali wa mayendedwe ndi kufunikira kotheka kudutsa mu Panama Canal, nyanja - nthawi yoyendetsa nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku 25 - 35. Powonjezera nthawi yovomerezeka, nthawi yonse yoyendera ndi pafupifupi masiku 28 - 40.
Katundu wandege:Kuchokera ku ma eyapoti akuluakulu aku China kupita ku ma eyapoti akuluakulu ku United States, monga John F. Kennedy Airport ku New York ndi Los Angeles International Airport, nthawi yothawira ndege nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupifupi maola 12 - 15. Kuwonjezera nthawi yogwira ntchito ya katundu kumbali zonse za bwalo la ndege ndi nthawi yovomerezeka ya kasitomu (masiku 1 - 3 ogwira ntchito), nthawi yonse yoyendera ndi pafupifupi 3 - 5 masiku. Komabe, ngati ili nthawi yokwera kwambiri yamayendedwe apamlengalenga ndipo malo anyumbayo ali ocheperako, katunduyo angafunikire pamzere kuti akwezedwe, ndipo nthawi yamayendedwe italikitsidwa mpaka masiku 5-7.
2. Tumizani ku United Kingdom
Kutumiza panyanja:Kutumiza katundu kuchokera ku madoko aku China kupita ku madoko aku Britain, monga Southampton ndi Felixstowe, nyanja - nthawi yoyendera nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku 25 - 35. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kasitomu ku UK ndikokwera kwambiri. Pansi pa zikalata zonse ndi zidziwitso zolondola, nthawi yachilolezo cha kasitomu nthawi zambiri imakhala 2 - 4 masiku ogwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yonse yonyamula katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku UK panyanja ndi pafupifupi masiku 28 - 40. Ena opereka chithandizo chaukadaulo, monga Fengge International Logistics, amapereka mautumiki a LCL kunyanja aku UK potumiza zida zazikulu - zazikulu ndi katundu wina, zokhala ndi chilolezo chowirikiza, msonkho - kuphatikiza, ndi khomo - kupita - khomo, ndipo nthawi yobweretsera ndi masiku 20 - 25. Amafupikitsa nthawi ya mayendedwe pamlingo wakutiwakuti mwa kuwongolera njira yamayendedwe komanso kugwirizana kwambiri ndi makampani otumiza.
Katundu wandege:Kuchokera ku China kupita ku ma eyapoti akuluakulu ku UK, monga London Heathrow Airport, nthawi yowuluka ndi pafupifupi maola 10 - 12. Powonjezera ntchito ya eyapoti ndi nthawi yovomerezeka (masiku 1 - 3 ogwira ntchito), nthawi yonse yoyendera ndi pafupifupi 3 - 5 masiku. Mofanana ndi zonyamula panyanja, zonyamula ndege zimathanso kukhala ndi malo ocheperako komanso nthawi yotalikirapo yoyendera panyengo yotentha kwambiri.
3. Tumizani ku Canada
Kutumiza panyanja:Zonyamula panyanja kuchokera ku China kupita ku Canada, ngati zotumiza kumadzulo - madoko a m'mphepete mwa nyanja monga Vancouver, nyanja - nthawi yoyendera nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku 20 - 30. Njira yololeza milatho ya ku Canada ndiyokhazikika, ndipo nthawi yovomerezeka ndi 2 - 5 masiku ogwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake nthawi yonse yoyendera ndi pafupifupi masiku 23 - 35. Ngati kutumiza kum'maŵa - mizinda ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja monga Toronto ndi Montreal, chifukwa cha mtunda wowonjezereka wa mayendedwe ndi njira yotumizira, nthawi yoyendera nyanja idzakulitsidwa mpaka masiku 30 - 40. Powonjezera nthawi yovomerezeka, nthawi yonse yoyendera ndi pafupifupi masiku 33 - 45. Mizere ina yapadera yopangira zinthu, monga kunyumba - zida zam'madzi - zonyamula katundu kupita ku Canada, zimatha kutumiza mafiriji ndi zida zina zapakhomo ku Vancouver m'masiku 30, ndipo zimatenga masiku 35 - 45 kumizinda monga Toronto ndi Montreal. Amaperekanso CBSA pawiri - miyambo - chilolezo ndi msonkho - kuphatikiza khomo - kupita - khomo, kuphimba mizinda yayikulu monga Calgary ndi Ottawa.
Katundu wandege:Kuchokera ku China kupita ku ma eyapoti akuluakulu ku Canada, monga Toronto Pearson International Airport ndi Vancouver International Airport, nthawi yowuluka ndi pafupifupi maola 12 - 15. Powonjezera ntchito ya eyapoti ndi nthawi yovomerezeka (masiku 1 - 3 ogwira ntchito), nthawi yonse yoyendera ndi pafupifupi 3 - 5 masiku. Koma zotsatira za nyengo yowonjezereka ya zoyendera ziyenera kudziwidwabe.
4.Tumizani ku Australia
Kutumiza panyanja: Kutumiza kuchokera ku madoko aku China kupita ku madoko akulu aku Australia, monga Sydney ndi Melbourne, nyanja - nthawi yoyendera nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku 15 - 25. Miyambo ya ku Australia imakhala ndi zofunikira zowunika komanso zoyika kwaokha kwa katundu wotumizidwa kunja, ndipo nthawi yololeza katundu nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku 3 - 7 ogwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yonse yoyendera yotumizira ku Australia panyanja ndi pafupifupi masiku 18 - 32. Panthawi yoyendetsa, katunduyo amayenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yoyenera yazinthu ndi zofunikira zoteteza chilengedwe ku Australia; apo ayi, angayang’anizane ndi zopinga za kuchotsedwa kwa kasitomu, kukulitsa mowonjezereka nthaŵi ya mayendedwe.
Katundu wandege: Kuchokera ku eyapoti yayikulu yaku China kupita ku eyapoti yayikulu ku Australia, nthawi yowuluka ndi pafupifupi maola 8 - 10. Powonjezera ntchito ya eyapoti ndi nthawi yovomerezeka (masiku 1 - 3 ogwira ntchito), nthawi yonse yoyendera ndi pafupifupi 3 - 5 masiku. Mofanana ndi mayiko ena, ngakhale kuti katundu wa ndege ali ndi nthawi yayitali, mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri, ndipo mabizinesi amayenera kupanga zosankha malinga ndi zosowa zawo.
5.Kutumiza kumayiko ena ndi zigawo
(1) Tumizani kumayiko ena aku Europe:
Kutengera Germany mwachitsanzo, pakunyamula katundu panyanja kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko aku Germany, monga Hamburg ndi Bremen, nthawi yoyendera panyanja nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku 25 - 35, ndipo nthawi yovomerezeka ndi 2 - 5 masiku ogwira ntchito. Nthawi yonse yoyendera ndi pafupifupi masiku 28 - 40. Ngati amanyamulidwa ndi njanji, kuchokera kumasiteshoni ena oyambira ku China - Europe masitima apamtunda ku China kupita ku Germany, nthawi yoyendera ndi pafupifupi masiku 12 - 18. Komabe, mphamvu zoyendera njanji ndizochepa, ndipo dongosolo lamayendedwe lingakhudzidwe ndi zinthu monga kukonza mayendedwe ndi kukonza. Mpweya - nthawi yonyamula katundu ku Germany ndi yofanana ndi ya mayiko ena a ku Ulaya, pafupifupi 3 - 5 masiku.
(2) Tumizani kumayiko ena aku Asia:
Mukatumiza ku Japan, zonyamula katundu panyanja kuchokera ku madoko aku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu aku Japan, monga Tokyo ndi Osaka, nthawi yoyendera panyanja nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku 3 - 7, ndipo nthawi yovomerezeka ndi 1 - 3 masiku ogwira ntchito. Nthawi yonse yoyendera ndi pafupifupi masiku 4 - 10. Mkhalidwe wotumizira ku South Korea ndi wofanana. Nyanja - nthawi yoyendetsa nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku 2 - 5, ndipo nthawi yovomerezeka ndi 1 - 3 masiku ogwira ntchito. Nthawi yonse yoyendera ndi pafupifupi masiku 3-8. Maiko awiriwa ali pafupi kwambiri ndi China, kotero kuti nthawi yamayendedwe ndi yayifupi, ndipo njira yoyendetsera zinthu ndi yokhwima, yokhala ndi nthawi yayitali yoyendera. Potumiza kunja ku mayiko ena a ku Asia monga India, nyanja - nthawi yoyendetsa ikhoza kukhala pafupifupi 10 - 20 masiku, ndipo chifukwa cha zovuta za ndondomeko ya miyambo ya ku India, nthawi yovomerezeka ya miyambo ingatenge masiku 3 - 10. Nthawi yonse yoyendera ndi pafupifupi masiku 13 - 30.
(3) Tumizani kumayiko aku Africa:
Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu kwa zomangamanga ndi momwe zinthu zilili pakati pa mayiko a ku Africa, nthawi yamayendedwe imasiyana kwambiri. Potengera chitsanzo cha South Africa, paulendo wapanyanja kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu aku South Africa, monga Durban ndi Cape Town, nthawi yapanyanja - nthawi yoyendera nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku 30 - 45, ndipo nthawi yololeza katundu imatha kutenga masiku 5 - 10 kapena kupitilira apo. Nthawi yonse yoyendera ndi pafupifupi masiku 35 - 55. Kwa malo ena - maiko otsekedwa, chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa kayendedwe kachiwiri pamsewu kapena njanji, nthawi yoyendera idzakhala yotalikirapo, ndipo pali zinthu zambiri zosatsimikizika panthawi yoyendetsa.
Nthawi yofunikira yotumiza katundu wamkulu kupita kumayiko osiyanasiyana imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza njira zamayendedwe, kuyendetsa bwino kwa katundu wadziko lomwe mukupita, komanso nthawi zapadera ndi zoopsa. Pokonzekera bizinesi yayikulu yotumiza kunja kwa firiji, mabizinesi amayenera kuganizira mozama izi, kusankha moyenera njira yoyendera, komanso kugwirizana kwambiri ndi akatswiri opereka chithandizo chamankhwala kuti awonetsetse kuti katunduyo afika komwe akupita panthawi yake komanso mosatekeseka. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kusintha kwa ndondomeko zamalonda za mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi kayendetsedwe ka msika wazinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikuchitapo kanthu zodzitetezera pasadakhale kuti achepetse zoopsa zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwa nthawi yoyendera. Kwa makasitomala omwe ali ndi zosowa zachangu, ngakhale kuti katundu wa ndege ndi wokwera mtengo, amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zawo pa nthawi yake; pomwe pamaoda ambiri, zonyamula panyanja ndi njira yabwino yolinganiza mtengo ndi nthawi yoyendera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-08-2025 Maonedwe: