Buku Lothandizira Kuwerengera Kuchuluka kwa Makabati Owonetsera Zakumwa Zamalonda mu Firiji

“Bwana, chitsanzo ichi cha mphamvu yozizira ya 300W chidzakhala chokwanira kwa inu!” “Yambani ndi cha 500W—chimazizira mofulumira nthawi yachilimwe!” Mukagula makabati owonetsera zakumwa, kodi nthawi zonse mumasokonezeka ndi “mawu aukadaulo” a ogulitsa? Sankhani zazing'ono kwambiri, ndipo zakumwa sizizizizira bwino nthawi yachilimwe, zomwe zimathamangitsa makasitomala. Sankhani zazikulu kwambiri, ndipo bilu yanu yamagetsi imakwera kwambiri—kuwononga ndalama.

Lero tikambirana njira yowerengera mphamvu yoziziritsira makabati owonetsera zakumwa. Palibe chifukwa chomvetsetsa mfundo zovuta—ingotsatirani njira ndi zitsanzo pang'onopang'ono. Ngakhale oyamba kumene angakwaniritse zosowa zawo.

I. Choyamba Kumvetsetsa: N’chifukwa Chiyani Muyenera Kuwerengera Mphamvu Yoziziritsira Molondola?

Mphamvu yoziziritsira imayimira "mphamvu yoziziritsira" ya kabati yowonetsera, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayesedwa mu watts (W) kapena ma kilocalories pa ola limodzi (kcal/h), pomwe 1 kcal/h ≈ 1.163 W. Kuwerengera kolondola kumakwaniritsa zolinga ziwiri zazikulu:

• Pewani "kupitirira muyeso": Mwachitsanzo, m'chilimwe pamene zitseko za sitolo zimatsegulidwa pafupipafupi, mphamvu yoziziritsira yosakwanira imalepheretsa kabati kufika pa 3-8°C (kutentha koyenera kosungira zakumwa). Zakumwa zokhala ndi kaboni zimataya mphamvu yake, madzi amawonongeka mosavuta, ndipo pamapeto pake mumataya ndalama.
• Pewani "kupitirira muyeso": Sitolo ya 20㎡ yogula mopanda chifukwa kabati yowonetsera ya 500W yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri imawononga ma kWh owonjezera 2-3 patsiku, zomwe zimawonjezera ndalama zambiri pamagetsi apachaka - zomwe sizili zofunikira kwenikweni.

Mfundo yofunika: Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yozizira sikukhala bwino nthawi zonse—koma ndi za “kufanana kwa kufunika.” Yang'anani kwambiri pa zinthu zitatu zazikulu: kuchuluka kwa makabati owonetsera, malo ogwirira ntchito, ndi kuchuluka kwa kutsegula zitseko.

II. Fomula Yaikulu: Masitepe Atatu Owerengera Mphamvu Yoziziritsira Yabwino (Ngakhale Oyamba Angathe Kudziwa)

Palibe chifukwa chokumbukira mfundo zovuta za thermodynamics—ingokumbukirani njira iyi yothandiza: Mphamvu Yoziziritsira (W) = Kuchuluka kwa Kabati Yowonetsera (L) × Kuchuluka kwa Chakumwa (kg/L) × Mphamvu Yotenthetsera Yapadera (kJ/kg·℃) × Kusiyana kwa Kutentha (℃) ÷ Nthawi Yoziziritsira (h) ÷ 1000 × Chofunikira Chokonza

Tiyeni tigawane magawo onse pang'onopang'ono, pogwiritsa ntchito "kabati yowonetsera ya 1000L" mwachitsanzo:

1. Ma Parameter Okhazikika (Ikani mwachindunji, palibe kusintha komwe kukufunika)

2. Ma Parameter Osinthasintha (Lembani kutengera momwe mulili)

• Kuwonetsa Kabati Yokwera (L): Iyi ndi 'mphamvu' yolembedwa ndi wopanga, mwachitsanzo, 1000L, 600L. Ingolembani mtengo womwe watchulidwa.
• Kusiyana kwa Kutentha (°C): Kutentha kwa malo ozungulira - Kutentha koyenera. Tiyerekeze kuti kutentha kwa chipinda chachilimwe ndi 35°C (mwayi waukulu kwambiri), kutentha koyenera ndi 5°C (kukoma kwabwino kwa chakumwa), motero kusiyana kwa kutentha = 35 - 5 = 30°C.

3. Sinthani fomula kuti muwerengere (pogwiritsa ntchito kabati yowonetsera ya 1000L monga chitsanzo)

Kuchuluka kwa firiji (W) = 1000L × 0.95kg/L × 4.0kJ/kg·℃ × 30℃ ÷ 2h ÷ 1000 × 1.2 (chinthu chowongolera) Kuwerengera pang'onopang'ono: ① 1000 × 0.95 = 950kg (Kulemera konse kwa chakumwa mkati mwa kabati) ② 950 × 4.0 × 30 = 114,000 kJ (Kutentha konse kumafunika kuti muziziritse zakumwa zonse) ③ 114,000 ÷ 2 = 57,000 kJ/h (Kuchuluka kwa firiji kumafunika pa ola limodzi) ④ 57,000 ÷ 1000 = 570 W (Kuchuluka kwa kuziziritsa koyambira) ⑤ 570 × 1.2 = 684W (Kuchuluka komaliza kwa kuziziritsa; chinthu chowongolera chafotokozedwa pambuyo pake)

Pomaliza: Pa kabati yowonetsera ya 1000L iyi, nthawi yachilimwe imafuna mphamvu yoziziritsira ya pafupifupi 700W. 600W ndi yosakwanira pang'ono, pomwe 800W ndi yochulukirapo pang'ono koma yodalirika kwambiri.

III. Chowonjezera Chofunika: Momwe Mungadziwire Chowongolera?

"1.2" yomwe ili pamwambapa sinawonjezedwe mwachisawawa; imasinthidwa kutengera momwe zinthu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito. Zochitika zosiyanasiyana zimagwirizana ndi ma coefficients osiyanasiyana. Sankhani mwachindunji kutengera izi:

• Chokonza 1.0-1.1: Makabati owonetsera a sitolo yaikulu (maulendo ochepa otsegulira zitseko ≤20 patsiku), malo oziziritsira mpweya m'nyumba (kutentha kwa malo ≤28°C), mitundu yoziziritsira mwachindunji (kuteteza bwino).
• Chinthu chokonza 1.2–1.3: Masitolo osavuta/masitolo ang'onoang'ono (mawindo a zitseko pafupipafupi ≥ nthawi 50 patsiku), malo opanda mpweya wozizira (kutentha kwa malo ≥32°C), mitundu yoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya (yomwe imakonda kutaya mpweya wozizira).
• Chowongolera 1.4–1.5: Madera otentha kwambiri (kutentha kwa chilimwe ≥38°C), malo otseguka (dzuwa lachindunji), makabati owonetsera pafupi ndi malo otentha (monga, pafupi ndi uvuni kapena zotenthetsera).

IV. Tebulo Loyerekeza la Kusankha Chitsanzo cha Zochitika Zosiyana

V. Zidziwitso za Pitfall: Machenjerero Awiri Omwe Ogulitsa Amagwiritsa Ntchito

1. Kulemba "Mphamvu Yolowera" yokha popanda "Kutha Kuziziritsa": Mphamvu yolowera imasonyeza momwe kabati yowonetsera imagwiritsira ntchito magetsi, osati mphamvu yoziziritsira! Mwachitsanzo, ndi mphamvu yolowera ya 500W yomweyi, kampani yabwino ikhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu yoziziritsira ya 450W, pomwe kampani yocheperako ingafikire 350W yokha. Nthawi zonse pemphani wogulitsa kuti apereke "Lipoti Loyesa Mphamvu Yoziziritsira."
2. Ziwerengero za mphamvu yozizira: Mwachitsanzo, chipangizo chokhala ndi mphamvu yozizira ya 600W chingatchulidwe kuti chili ndi "mphamvu yozizira ya 800W." Mitengo yapamwamba imayimira kuwerenga nthawi yomweyo pansi pa mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri ndipo siingapezeke panthawi yogwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Mukasankha, ingoyang'anani pa "mphamvu yozizira yoyesedwa."

Kumbukirani Mfundo Zitatu Zofunika Kwambiri

1. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumatanthauza mphamvu yoziziritsira yapamwamba: Kuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa mphamvu ya 100L kumawonjezera mphamvu yoziziritsira ya pafupifupi 50-80W. 2. Malo otentha komanso kutsegula zitseko pafupipafupi kumafuna mphamvu yowonjezera: Onjezani osachepera 10% ya buffer ku zotsatira zomwe zawerengedwa. 3. Ikani patsogolo mphamvu yamagetsi ya Giredi 1: Pa mphamvu yoziziritsira yomweyi, mphamvu ya Giredi 1 imasunga 1-2 kWh tsiku lililonse poyerekeza ndi Giredi 5, zomwe zimabweza kusiyana kwa mtengo wogulira mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.