Kodi mungatani kuti muchepetse kuzizira kosakwanira m'mafiriji okhazikika amalonda?

Mafiriji okhazikika amalonda ndi zida zofunika kwambiri zoziziritsira m'mafakitale monga kuphika, kugulitsa, ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo. Kugwira ntchito kwawo koziziritsira kumakhudza mwachindunji kutsitsimuka kwa zosakaniza, kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Kuziziritsa kosakwanira—komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi kutentha kosalekeza kwa makabati 5℃ kapena kupitirira mtengo wokhazikitsidwa, kusiyana kwa kutentha kwapafupi kopitilira 3℃, kapena kuchedwa kwambiri kwa liwiro loziziritsa—sikungangoyambitsa kuwonongeka ndi kutayika kwa zosakaniza komanso kukakamiza ma compressor kuti agwire ntchito mopitirira muyeso kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ziwonjezeke ndi 30%.

1. Kuziziritsa Kosakwanira mu Mafiriji Okhazikika a Malonda: Kuzindikira Vuto ndi Zotsatira za Ntchito

Akatswiri ogula zinthu ayenera choyamba kuzindikira bwino zizindikiro ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kuzizira kosakwanira kuti apewe kukonza zinthu mosasamala kapena kusintha zida, zomwe zingawononge ndalama zosafunikira.

1.1 Zizindikiro Zazikulu ndi Zoopsa Zokhudza Kugwira Ntchito

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za kuzizira kosakwanira ndi izi: ① Pamene kutentha kokhazikika kuli -18℃, kutentha kwenikweni kwa kabati kumatha kutsika kufika pa -10℃ kapena kupitirira apo, ndi kusinthasintha kopitilira ±2℃; ② Kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa zigawo zapamwamba ndi zapansi kumapitirira 5℃ (mafiriji owongoka nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto "ofunda kwambiri pamwamba, ozizira kwambiri" chifukwa cha kuzizira kwa mpweya wozizira); ③ Mukawonjezera zosakaniza zatsopano, nthawi yoziziritsira kutentha kokhazikika imapitirira maola 4 (nthawi yachizolowezi ndi maola 2-3). Mavuto awa amabweretsa mwachindunji ku:

• Makampani ophikira zakudya: Kuchepetsa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zosakaniza zatsopano ndi 50%, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha kukula kwa mabakiteriya komanso zoopsa zokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha chakudya;
• Makampani ogulitsa: Kufewetsa ndi kusintha zakudya zozizira, kuchuluka kwa madandaulo a makasitomala, ndi kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe sizinagulitsidwe zomwe zimapitirira 8%;
• Makampani azaumoyo: Kuchepa kwa ntchito ya mankhwala achilengedwe ndi katemera, kulephera kukwaniritsa miyezo yosungira ya GSP.

1.2 Kufufuza Chifukwa Chake: Miyeso 4 Kuyambira Zipangizo Kupita ku Malo Ozungulira

Akatswiri ogula zinthu akhoza kufufuza zifukwa zotsatirazi kuti apewe kuphonya zinthu zofunika kwambiri:

1.2.1 Kulephera kwa Zigawo Zazikulu za Zipangizo (60% ya Milandu)

① Kutsekeka kwa chisanu mu evaporator: Mafiriji ambiri okhazikika amalonda amazizira ndi mpweya. Ngati chisanu pa zipsepse za evaporator chikupitirira 5mm mu makulidwe, chimatseka kuyenda kwa mpweya wozizira, kuchepetsa mphamvu yozizira ndi 40% (zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri m'malo otseguka zitseko komanso chinyezi chambiri); ② Kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito a compressor: Ma compressor omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zoposa 5 akhoza kutsika ndi 20% pakuthamanga kwa madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuziziritsa kusakhale kokwanira; ③ Kutayikira kwa refrigerant: Kukalamba kapena kuwonongeka kwa mapaipi olumikizira kungayambitse kutayikira kwa ma refrigerant (monga R404A, R600a), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuziziritsa kutayike mwadzidzidzi.

1.2.2 Zolakwika pa Kapangidwe (20% ya Milandu)

Mafiriji ena otsika okhala ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika ali ndi zolakwika pa kapangidwe ka "evaporator imodzi + fan imodzi": ① Mpweya wozizira umangowulutsidwa kuchokera kumalo amodzi kumbuyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya uziyenda bwino mkati mwa kabati, ndipo kutentha kwa pamwamba pa chipindacho ndi 6-8℃ kuposa zigawo zotsika; ② Malo osakwanira a evaporator (monga malo a evaporator osakwana 0.8㎡ a mafiriji a 1000L) sakwaniritsa zosowa zazikulu zoziziritsira.

1.2.3 Zotsatira za Zachilengedwe (15% ya Milandu)

① Kutentha kwambiri kwa malo ozungulira: Kuyika firiji pafupi ndi zitofu za kukhitchini kapena m'malo otentha kwambiri akunja (kutentha kwa malo ozungulira kupitirira 35℃) kumalepheretsa kutayika kwa kutentha kwa compressor, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yoziziritsira ndi 15%-20%; ② Mpweya wochepa: Ngati mtunda pakati pa firiji kumbuyo ndi khoma ndi wochepera 15cm, condenser singathe kufalitsa kutentha bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuzizira kuchuluke; ③ Kudzaza mopitirira muyeso: Kuwonjezera zosakaniza kutentha kwa chipinda kupitirira 30% ya mphamvu ya firiji nthawi imodzi kumapangitsa kuti compressor izire mwachangu.

1.2.4 Ntchito Yosayenera ya Anthu (5% ya Milandu)

Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo kutsegula zitseko pafupipafupi (kupitirira nthawi 50 patsiku), kuchedwetsa kusintha ma gasket a zitseko okalamba (zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wozizira utuluke mopitirira 10%), ndi zosakaniza zodzaza zimatseka njira zotulutsira mpweya (zomwe zimalepheretsa mpweya wozizira kuyenda).

2. Mayankho Aukadaulo Ofunikira Pakuzizira Kosakwanira: Kuyambira Kukonza Mpaka Kukweza

Kutengera ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, akatswiri ogula zinthu amatha kusankha njira "zokonzanso ndi kukonzanso" kapena "zokonzanso zaukadaulo", ndikuyika patsogolo njira zogwiritsira ntchito ndalama moyenera komanso kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali.

2.1 Ma Evaporator Awiri + Ma Fani Awiri: Yankho Labwino Kwambiri la Ma Freezer Okhazikika Okhala ndi Mphamvu Yaikulu

Yankho ili limathetsa "zolakwika za kapangidwe ka evaporator imodzi" ndi "zosowa zoziziritsira zambiri," zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale chisankho chachikulu kwa akatswiri ogula zinthu akamakonza kapena kusintha zida. Ndi yoyenera mafiriji okhazikika amalonda opitilira 1200L (monga mafiriji a supermarket, mafiriji apakati a kukhitchini omwe amakonzedwa).

2.1.1 Mfundo ndi Ubwino wa Mayankho

Kapangidwe ka "ma evaporators awiri apamwamba ndi otsika + mafani awiri odziyimira pawokha": ① Chotenthetsera chapamwamba chimaziziritsa gawo lapamwamba la 1/3 la kabati, pomwe chotenthetsera chapansi chimaziziritsa gawo la pansi la 2/3. Mafani odziyimira pawokha amalamulira kayendedwe ka mpweya, kuchepetsa kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa kabati kufika pa ± 1℃; ② Malo onse otenthetsera kutentha a ma evaporators awiri ndi 60% akulu kuposa a evaporator imodzi (monga, 1.5㎡ ya ma evaporators awiri mu mafiriji a 1500L), kuonjezera mphamvu yozizira ndi 35% ndikufulumizitsa liwiro lozizira ndi 40%; ③ Kuwongolera kodziyimira pawokha kwa ma dual-circuit kumatsimikizira kuti ngati evaporator imodzi yalephera, inayo ikhoza kusunga kuziziritsa kwakanthawi, kuletsa kuzimitsidwa kwathunthu kwa zida.

2.1.2 Ndalama Zogulira ndi Nthawi Yobwezera

Mtengo wogulira mafiriji oyima okhala ndi ma evaporator awiri ndi wokwera ndi 15%-25% kuposa wa ma evaporator amodzi (monga, pafupifupi RMB 8,000 pa chitsanzo cha 1500L single-evaporator poyerekeza ndi RMB 9,500-10,000 pa chitsanzo cha dual-evaporator). Komabe, phindu la nthawi yayitali ndi lofunika: ① 20% yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zochepa (kusunga pafupifupi 800 kWh yamagetsi pachaka, yofanana ndi RMB 640 mu ndalama zamagetsi kutengera mtengo wamagetsi wamafakitale wa RMB 0.8/kWh); ② 6%-8% kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinyalala za zosakaniza, kuchepetsa ndalama zotayira pachaka ndi zoposa RMB 2,000; ③ 30% kuchepetsa kulephera kwa compressor, kukulitsa moyo wa ntchito ya zida ndi zaka 2-3 (kuyambira zaka 8 mpaka zaka 10-11). Nthawi yobwezera ndalama ndi pafupifupi zaka 1.5-2.

2.2 Kukweza ndi Kukonza Single Evaporator: Njira Yotsika Mtengo ya Zipangizo Zochepa

Kwa mafiriji okhazikika osakwana 1000L (monga mafiriji ang'onoang'ono m'masitolo ogulitsa zinthu zotsika mtengo) omwe amatha kugwira ntchito kwa zaka zosakwana 5, njira zotsatirazi zitha kukonza kuziziritsa kosakwanira pamtengo wokha wa 1/5 mpaka 1/3 wosintha chipangizo chonsecho.

2.2.1 Kuyeretsa ndi Kusintha kwa Evaporator

① Kuchotsa chisanu: Gwiritsani ntchito "kusungunula mpweya wotentha" (zimitsani zidazo ndi kusungunula zipsepse za evaporator pogwiritsa ntchito chopukusira mpweya wotentha pansi pa 50℃) kapena "zotsukira chakudya" (kuti mupewe dzimbiri). Mukachotsa chisanu, mphamvu yozizira ikhoza kubwezeretsedwa kufika pa 90%; ② Kukula kwa evaporator: Ngati malo oyambira a evaporator sali okwanira, perekani akatswiri opanga kuti awonjezere zipsepse (kuwonjezera malo otayira kutentha ndi 20%-30) pamtengo wa pafupifupi RMB 500-800.

2.2.2 Kukonza Kompresa ndi Mafiriji

① Kuyesa momwe compressor imagwirira ntchito: Gwiritsani ntchito choyezera kuthamanga kwa mpweya kuti muwone kuthamanga kwa mpweya (kuthamanga kwa mpweya kwa R404A refrigerant ndi 1.8-2.2MPa). Ngati kuthamanga sikukwanira, sinthani compressor capacitor (mtengo wake ndi pafupifupi RMB 100-200) kapena konzani ma valve; ngati compressor ikukalamba (yagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zoposa 8), isintheni ndi compressor yodziwika bwino yamphamvu yomweyo (monga Danfoss, Embraco) pamtengo wa pafupifupi RMB 1,500-2,000; ② Kubwezeretsanso mufiriji: Choyamba zindikirani malo otayikira madzi (ikani madzi a sopo ku malo olumikizira mapaipi), kenako bwezeretsani mufiriji motsatira miyezo (pafupifupi 1.2-1.5kg ya R404A ya mafiriji a 1000L) pamtengo wa pafupifupi RMB 300-500.

2.3 Kuwongolera Kutentha Mwanzeru ndi Kukonza Mpweya: Kulimbitsa Kukhazikika kwa Kuziziritsa

Njirayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi njira ziwiri zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa. Kudzera mu kukweza ukadaulo, imachepetsa kulowererapo kwa anthu ndipo ndi yoyenera kwa akatswiri ogula zinthu kuti "asinthe mwanzeru" zida zomwe zilipo.

2.3.1 Dongosolo Lowongolera Kutentha kwa Ma Probe Awiri

Sinthani thermostat yoyambirira ya single-probe ndi "dual-probe system" (yoyikidwa pa 1/3 kutalika kwa zigawo zapamwamba ndi zotsika motsatana) kuti muwone kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa kabati nthawi yeniyeni. Kusiyana kwa kutentha kukapitirira 2℃, kumasinthira liwiro la fan (kufulumizitsa fan yapamwamba ndikuchepetsa fan yotsika), kukonza kufanana kwa kutentha ndi 40% pamtengo wa pafupifupi RMB 300-500.

2.3.2 Kusintha kwa Mpweya Wotulutsa Mpweya

Ikani mbale zochotsera mpweya (zakudya za PP) mkati mwa firiji yoyimirira kuti zitsogolere mpweya wozizira kuchokera kumbuyo kupita mbali zonse ziwiri, kupewa "kutentha kwapamwamba, kozizira kwambiri" komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutsika kwa mpweya wozizira mwachindunji. Mukasintha, kutentha kwa pamwamba kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndi 3-4℃ pamtengo wa RMB 100-200 yokha.

3. Kukonza Zinthu Mopanda Ukadaulo: Njira Zotsika Mtengo Zoyendetsera Akatswiri Ogula Zinthu

Kupatula kusintha kwa zida, akatswiri ogula zinthu amatha kusintha momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso kukonza kuti achepetse kuzizira kosakwanira ndikuwonjezera nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zida.

3.1 Miyezo Yogwiritsira Ntchito Tsiku ndi Tsiku: Machitidwe Ofunika Atatu

① Yang'anirani kuchuluka kwa nthawi yotsegulira zitseko ndi nthawi yake: Chepetsani nthawi yotsegulira zitseko kufika pa ≤30 patsiku ndipo nthawi yotsegulira kamodzi kufika pa ≤30 masekondi; sungani zikumbutso za "kubweza mwachangu" pafupi ndi firiji; ② Kusunga bwino zosakaniza: Tsatirani mfundo ya "zinthu zopepuka pamwamba, zinthu zolemera pansi; zinthu zochepa kutsogolo, zambiri kumbuyo," kusunga zosakaniza ≥10cm kutali ndi malo otulutsira mpweya kuti mupewe kutsekereza mpweya wozizira; ③ Kuwongolera kutentha kwa malo: Ikani firiji pamalo opumira bwino okhala ndi kutentha kwa malo ≤25℃, kutali ndi malo otenthetsera (monga uvuni, zotenthetsera), ndikusunga mtunda wa ≥20cm pakati pa firiji kumbuyo ndi khoma.

3.2 Ndondomeko Yosamalira Nthawi Zonse: Mndandanda Wowunikira wa Kotala/Chaka

Akatswiri ogula zinthu akhoza kupanga mndandanda wazinthu zosamalira ndikupereka kwa ogwira ntchito ndi osamalira kuti agwiritse ntchito, kuonetsetsa kuti palibe njira zazikulu zomwe zaphonya:

4. Kupewa Kugula Zinthu: Kupewa Zoopsa Zosakwanira Zozizira Panthawi Yosankha

Pogula mafiriji atsopano amalonda, akatswiri ogula zinthu amatha kuyang'ana kwambiri pazigawo zitatu zazikulu kuti apewe kuziziritsa kosakwanira kuchokera ku gwero ndikuchepetsa ndalama zosinthira pambuyo pake.

4.1 Sankhani Makonzedwe Oziziritsira Kutengera “Capacity + Application”

① Malo ocheperako (≤800L, mwachitsanzo, masitolo ogulitsa zinthu zotsika mtengo): "Evaporator imodzi + mafani awiri" omwe mungasankhe kuti mugwirizane ndi mtengo ndi kufanana; ② Malo ocheperako mpaka akuluakulu (≥1000L, mwachitsanzo, malo ogulitsira zakudya/masitolo akuluakulu): Muyenera kusankha "ma evaporator awiri + ma circuits awiri" kuti muwonetsetse kuti kutentha kuli kozizira komanso kuwongolera kusiyana kwa kutentha; ③ Ntchito zapadera (monga kuzizira kwachipatala, kusungirako ayisikilimu): Zofunikira zina pa "ntchito yochepetsera kutentha kochepa" (zimayatsa zokha kutentha kothandizira kutentha kutentha kozungulira ≤0℃ kuti compressor isatseke).

4.2 Magawo a Chigawo Chachikulu: Zizindikiro 3 Zofunikira Kuziwunika

① Chotenthetsera: Ikani patsogolo "zotenthetsera za chubu cha aluminiyamu" (zotentha kwambiri kuposa machubu amkuwa ndi 15%) ndi malo okwana "≥0.8㎡ pa mphamvu ya 1000L"; ② Chotenthetsera: Sankhani "zotenthetsera zozungulira zozungulira" (monga Danfoss SC series) zokhala ndi mphamvu yoziziritsira yofanana ndi firiji (≥1200W mphamvu yoziziritsira ya mafiriji a 1000L); ③ Choziziritsira: Ikani patsogolo R600a yosamalira zachilengedwe (mtengo wa ODP = 0, ikukwaniritsa miyezo ya EU yazachilengedwe); pewani kugula mitundu yakale pogwiritsa ntchito R22 (pang'onopang'ono imachotsedwa).

4.3 Ikani patsogolo Ma Models Okhala ndi Ntchito za "Kuchenjeza Koyambirira Kwanzeru"

Mukagula, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zili ndi izi: ① Chenjezo la kutentha kosazolowereka (alamu ya mawu ndi kuwala pamene kutentha kwa kabati kukupitirira mtengo wokhazikitsidwa ndi 3℃); ② Kudzizindikira nokha cholakwika (chinsalu chowonetsera chikuwonetsa ma code monga "E1″ pakulephera kwa evaporator, "E2″ pakulephera kwa compressor); ③ Kuyang'anira patali (onani kutentha ndi momwe ntchito ikuyendera kudzera pa APP). Ngakhale kuti mitundu yotereyi ili ndi mtengo wokwera wa 5%-10%, imachepetsa 90% ya mavuto ozizira mwadzidzidzi komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza.

Mwachidule, kuthetsa kuzizira kosakwanira m'mafiriji okhazikika amalonda kumafuna njira ya "atatu-mu-m'modzi": kuzindikira, mayankho, ndi kupewa. Akatswiri ogula ayenera choyamba kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro kudzera mu zizindikiro, kenako kusankha "kukweza ma evaporator awiri," "kukonza zinthu," kapena "kusintha kwanzeru" kutengera mphamvu ya zida ndi nthawi yogwirira ntchito, ndipo pamapeto pake akwaniritse magwiridwe antchito okhazikika oziziritsa komanso kukonza ndalama kudzera mu kukonza kokhazikika komanso kusankha njira zodzitetezera. Ndikofunikira kusankha njira zotsika mtengo zogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali monga ma evaporator awiri kuti tipewe kutayika kwakukulu pantchito chifukwa cha kusunga ndalama kwakanthawi kochepa.