Kodi mungathetse bwanji kuzizira kosakwanira mufiriji wowongoka wamalonda?

Mafiriji okhazikika amalonda ndi zida zoyambira mufiriji m'mafakitale monga zakudya, zogulitsira, ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo. Kuzizira kwawo kumakhudza mwachindunji kutsitsimuka kwa zosakaniza, kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Kuzizira kosakwanira - komwe kumadziwika ndi kutentha kosalekeza kwa nduna 5 ℃ kapena kupitilira apo, kusiyana kwa kutentha kwapafupiko kupitilira 3 ℃, kapena kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono kozizira - sikungangoyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu ndi zinyalala komanso kukakamiza ma compressor kuti agwire ntchito mochulukira kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ziwonjezeke kuposa 30%.

1. Kuzizira kosakwanira mu Zifurizi zowongoka Zamalonda: Kuzindikira Vuto ndi Zotsatira Zantchito

Akatswiri ogula zinthu ayenera choyamba kudziwa molondola zizindikiro ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kuzizira kosakwanira kuti apewe kukonza mosawona kapena kusintha zida, zomwe zingawononge ndalama zosafunikira.

1.1 Zizindikiro Zazikulu ndi Zowopsa Zogwirira Ntchito

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za kuzizira kosakwanira ndi izi: ① Pamene kutentha kwakhazikitsidwa ndi -18 ℃, kutentha kwenikweni kwa nduna kumatha kutsika mpaka -10 ℃ kapena kupitilira apo, ndi kusinthasintha kopitilira ±2 ℃; ② Kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa zigawo zapamwamba ndi zapansi kumaposa 5 ℃ (zozizira zowongoka zimakhala ndi "zofunda zotentha, zotsika kwambiri" chifukwa cha kumira kwa mpweya wozizira); ③ Pambuyo powonjezera zosakaniza zatsopano, nthawi yoziziritsa ku kutentha kokhazikika imadutsa maola 4 (nthawi yabwino ndi maola 2-3). Mavuto awa amabweretsa mwachindunji:

• Makampani opanga zakudya: Kuchepetsa 50% pashelufu ya zosakaniza zatsopano, kuonjezera chiwopsezo chakukula kwa bakiteriya komanso kuopsa kwa chitetezo chazakudya;
• Makampani ogulitsa: Kufewetsa ndi kusintha kwa zakudya zowundana, kuchuluka kwa madandaulo amakasitomala, ndi zinyalala zosagulitsidwa zopitilira 8%;
• Makampani azaumoyo: Kuchepetsa zochita za ma biological agents ndi katemera, kulephera kukwaniritsa miyezo yosungira ya GSP.

1.2 Kufufuza Zomwe Zimayambitsa: Miyeso ya 4 kuchokera ku Zida kupita ku Chilengedwe

Akatswiri ogula zinthu amatha kufufuza zomwe zimayambitsa m'njira zotsatirazi kuti apewe kuphonya zinthu zazikulu:

1.2.1 Kulephera Kwazigawo Zazida (60% ya Milandu)

① Kutsekeka kwa chisanu mu evaporator: Mafiriji ambiri omwe amawongoka malonda amakhala oziziritsidwa ndi mpweya. Ngati chisanu pa evaporator zipsepse kuposa 5mm makulidwe, midadada ozizira mpweya kufalitsidwa, kuchepetsa kuzirala dzuwa ndi 40% (wamba mu nkhani ndi mitseko pafupipafupi zitseko ndi chinyezi mkulu); ② Kuwonongeka kwa ntchito ya Compressor: Ma compressor omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zopitilira 5 amatha kutsika ndi 20% pakutulutsa kutulutsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuziziritsa kosakwanira; ③ Kutayikira kwa refrigerant: Kuwonongeka kokalamba kapena kugwedezeka kwa ma welds a mapaipi kumatha kuyambitsa kutayikira kwa mafiriji (mwachitsanzo, R404A, R600a), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuziziritsa kuwonongeke mwadzidzidzi.

1.2.2 Zowonongeka Zapangidwe (20% ya Milandu)

Mafiriji ena otsika otsika amakhala ndi zolakwika za kapangidwe kake ka "evaporator + single fan": ① Mpweya wozizira umangowomberedwa kuchokera kudera limodzi kumbuyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya uziyenda mkati mwa nduna, ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kwa 6-8℃ kuposa zigawo zotsika; ② Malo osakwanira a evaporator (mwachitsanzo, malo opumira osakwana 0.8㎡ pa mafiriji 1000L) amalephera kukwaniritsa zofunika kuzizira zazikulu.

1.2.3 Zokhudza Zachilengedwe (15% ya Milandu)

① Kutentha kozungulira kwambiri: Kuyika firiji pafupi ndi mbaula zakukhitchini kapena m'malo otentha kwambiri (kutentha kozungulira 35 ℃) kumalepheretsa kutentha kwa kompresa, kuchepetsa kuzizirira ndi 15% -20%; ② Kupanda mpweya wabwino: Ngati mtunda wapakati pa mufiriji kumbuyo ndi khoma ndi wosakwana 15cm, condenser singathe kutulutsa kutentha bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kupanikizika kowonjezereka; ③ Kudzaza mochulukira: Kuwonjezera zopangira kutentha kwachipinda zopitilira 30% ya mphamvu ya mufiriji nthawi imodzi kumapangitsa kuti kompresa kuzizire mwachangu.

1.2.4 Ntchito Zolakwika za Anthu (5% ya Milandu)

Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo kutseguka kwa zitseko pafupipafupi (kuposa ka 50 patsiku), kuchedwa kusinthidwa kwa ma gaskets okalamba (kuyambitsa mpweya wozizira wopitirira 10%), ndi zosakaniza zodzaza zomwe zimatsekereza mpweya (kulepheretsa mpweya wozizira).

2. Zothetsera Zaumisiri Zapakati Zozizira Zosakwanira: Kuyambira Kukonza mpaka Kukweza

Kutengera zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, akatswiri ogula zinthu amatha kusankha "kukonza ndi kukonzanso" kapena "kukweza luso" zothetsera, kuika patsogolo kukwera mtengo komanso kukhazikika kwa nthawi yaitali.

2.1 Ma Evaporator Awiri + Ma Fani Awiri: Njira Yabwino Yothetsera Mafuriza Oyimirira Ochuluka

Yankholi limakhudzanso "zolakwika zamapangidwe a evaporator" komanso "zofunikira zoziziritsa zazikulu," zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chisankho chofunikira kwambiri kwa akatswiri ogula zinthu akamakonza kapena kusintha zida. Ndioyenera kupangira mafiriji okwera kwambiri opitilira 1200L (mwachitsanzo, mafiriji akusupamaketi, mafiriji apakati akukhitchini podyera).

2.1.1 Mfundo Yankho ndi Ubwino Wake

Mapangidwe a "ma evaporator apawiri-otsika + awiri odziyimira pawokha": ① Mpweya wapamwamba umaziziritsa 1/3 yakumtunda kwa kabati, pomwe evaporator yapansi imaziziritsa 2/3 yapansi. Mafani odziyimira pawokha amawongolera kayendedwe ka mpweya, kuchepetsa kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa nduna mpaka ± 1 ℃; ② Malo onse otenthetsera kutentha kwa ma evaporator apawiri ndi 60% okulirapo kuposa a evaporator amodzi (mwachitsanzo, 1.5㎡ pa ma evaporator apawiri mufiriji 1500L), kuwonjezera kuziziritsa ndi 35% ndikufulumizitsa kuzizira ndi 40%; ③ Kuwongolera kodziyimira pawokha kwapawiri kumawonetsetsa kuti ngati evaporator imodzi yalephera, inayo imatha kusunga kwakanthawi kuzizirira, kuletsa kuzimitsa kwathunthu kwa zida.

2.1.2 Mtengo Wogula ndi Nthawi yobwezera

Mtengo wogulira zoziziritsa kukhosi zowongoka zokhala ndi ma evaporator apawiri ndi 15% -25% apamwamba kuposa amitundu ya evaporator imodzi (mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi RMB 8,000 ya 1500L single-evaporator model vs. RMB 9,500-10,000 yamitundu yapawiri-evaporator). Komabe, kubweza kwanthawi yayitali ndikofunika: ① 20% kutsika kwa magetsi (kupulumutsa pafupifupi 800 kWh yamagetsi pachaka, zofanana ndi RMB 640 pamitengo yamagetsi kutengera mtengo wamagetsi wamagetsi wa RMB 0.8/kWh); ② 6% -8% kuchepetsa zinyalala zopangira mitengo, kuchepetsa zinyalala pachaka ndalama zoposa RMB 2,000; ③ 30% kuchepetsa kulephera kwa kompresa, kukulitsa moyo wautumiki wa zida ndi zaka 2-3 (kuyambira zaka 8 mpaka 10-11). Nthawi yobwezera ndi pafupifupi zaka 1.5-2.

2.2 Kukwezera ndi Kusamalira Evaporator Imodzi: Njira Yopanda Mtengo Pazida Zing'onozing'ono

Zozizira zowongoka zosakwana 1000L (mwachitsanzo, zoziziritsa kukhosi zazing'ono m'masitolo osavuta) okhala ndi moyo wautumiki wazaka zosakwana 5, mayankho otsatirawa amatha kukonza kuzizirira kosakwanira pamtengo wa 1/5 mpaka 1/3 wochotsa gawo lonse.

2.2.1 Evaporator Kuyeretsa ndi Kusintha

① Kuchotsa chipale chofewa: Gwiritsani ntchito “kuchepetsa mpweya wotentha” (zimitsani zida ndi kuwomba zipsepse za evaporator ndi chowuzira mpweya wotentha pansi pa 50 ℃) kapena “zowononga chakudya” (kupewa dzimbiri). Pambuyo pochotsa chisanu, kuzizira bwino kumatha kubwezeretsedwanso kupitilira 90%; ② Kukula kwa Evaporator: Ngati malo oyambilira a evaporator ndi osakwanira, perekani akatswiri opanga zipsepse (kuwonjezera malo ochotsera kutentha ndi 20% -30) pamtengo wa pafupifupi RMB 500-800.

2.2.2 Kusamalira Compressor ndi Refrigerant

① Kuyesa kwa magwiridwe antchito a Compressor: Gwiritsani ntchito choyezera kuthamanga kuti muwone kuthamanga kwapamadzi (kuthamanga kwanthawi zonse kwa R404A firiji ndi 1.8-2.2MPa). Ngati kupanikizika sikukwanira, m'malo mwa compressor capacitor (mtengo: pafupifupi RMB 100-200) kapena ma valve okonza; ngati kompresa ikukalamba (yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zopitilira 8), m'malo mwake ndi kompresa yamtundu wa mphamvu yomweyo (mwachitsanzo, Danfoss, Embraco) pamtengo wa pafupifupi RMB 1,500-2,000; ② Kubwezeretsanso mufiriji: Choyamba zindikirani malo otayira (paka madzi asopo polumikizira mapaipi), kenako onjezerani mufiriji molingana ndi miyezo (pafupifupi 1.2-1.5kg ya R404A ya mafiriji 1000L) pamtengo wa pafupifupi RMB 300-500.

2.3 Kutentha kwanzeru komanso kukhathamiritsa kwa mpweya: Kupititsa patsogolo Kukhazikika kwa Kuzizira

Njira yothetsera vutoli ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi ndi njira ziwiri zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa. Kupyolera mu kukweza kwaukadaulo, kumachepetsa kulowererapo kwa anthu ndipo ndi koyenera kwa akatswiri ogula zinthu kuti "asinthe mwanzeru" zida zomwe zilipo.

2.3.1 Dual-Probe Temperature Control System

Bwezerani chotenthetsera choyambirira cha single-probe ndi "dual-probe system" (yoyikidwa pa 1/3 kutalika kwa zigawo zakumtunda ndi zapansi motsatana) kuti muwone kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa nduna munthawi yeniyeni. Kusiyana kwa kutentha kukapitilira 2 ℃, kumangosintha liwiro la fan (kuthamangitsa fani yakumtunda ndikuchepetsa fani yotsika), kuwongolera kutentha kwa 40% pamtengo wa pafupifupi RMB 300-500.

2.3.2 Kusintha kwa Air Outlet Deflector

Ikani mbale zochotsamo (zakudya za PP) mkati mwa mufiriji wowongoka kuti muwongolere mpweya wozizira kuchokera kumbuyo kupita kumbali zonse ziwiri, kuteteza "kutentha kumtunda, kutsika kozizira" komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kumira kwa mpweya wozizira. Pambuyo kusinthidwa, kutentha pamwamba-wosanjikiza akhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi 3-4 ℃ pa mtengo wa RMB 100-200 okha.

3. Kukhathamiritsa Kopanda Zaukadaulo: Njira Zoyang'anira Zotsika mtengo kwa Akatswiri Ogula

Kupitilira kusinthidwa kwa zida, akatswiri ogula zinthu amatha kuyimitsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kukonza kuti achepetse kuzizira kosakwanira ndikukulitsa moyo wautumiki wa zida.

3.1 Miyezo Yogwiritsa Ntchito Tsiku ndi Tsiku: 3 Zofunikira Zofunikira

① Yang'anirani kutseguka kwa chitseko ndi nthawi yake: Chepetsani kutseguka kwa zitseko mpaka ≤30 pa tsiku ndi nthawi yotsegula kamodzi mpaka masekondi ≤30; positi zikumbutso za "kubweza mwachangu" pafupi ndi firiji; ② Kusungirako koyenera: Tsatirani mfundo ya "zinthu zopepuka pamwamba, zolemera pansi; zinthu zochepa kutsogolo, kumbuyo kwambiri," kusunga zosakaniza ≥10cm kutali ndi malo opangira mpweya kuti musatseke mpweya wozizira; ③ Kuwongolera kutentha kozungulira: Ikani mufiriji pamalo olowera mpweya wabwino ndi kutentha kozungulira ≤25℃, kutali ndi komwe kumatentha (monga ma uvuni, ma heater), ndipo sungani mtunda wa ≥20cm pakati pa mufiriji kumbuyo ndi khoma.

3.2 Ndondomeko Yosamalira Nthawi Zonse: Mndandanda wa Quarterly/Annual

Akatswiri ogula zinthu amatha kupanga mndandanda wowunikira ndikuyika ogwira ntchito ndi okonza kuti akwaniritse izi, kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe njira zazikulu zomwe zaphonya:

4. Kupewa Kugula: Kupewa Zowopsa Zozizira Zosakwanira Panthawi Yosankha

Pogula zoziziritsa kukhosi zatsopano zamalonda, akatswiri ogula zinthu amatha kuyang'ana kwambiri pazigawo zitatu zazikuluzikulu kuti apewe kuziziritsa kosakwanira kochokera komwe kumachokera ndikuchepetsa ndalama zosinthira.

4.1 Sankhani Zosintha Zozizira Kutengera "Capacity + Application"

① Kuthekera kwakung'ono (≤800L, mwachitsanzo, malo ogulitsira): Mwachidziwitso "evaporator imodzi + mafani apawiri" kuti muchepetse mtengo ndi kufanana; ② Yapakatikati mpaka yayikulu (≥1000L, mwachitsanzo, zakudya / masitolo akuluakulu): Ayenera kusankha "ma evaporator apawiri + mabwalo apawiri" kuti atsimikizire kuzizirira komanso kuwongolera kusiyana kwa kutentha; ③ Ntchito zapadera (mwachitsanzo, kuzizira kwamankhwala, kusungirako ayisikilimu): Zofunikira zowonjezera pa "ntchito yolipirira kutentha pang'ono" (imangoyambitsa kutentha kothandizira kutentha kozungulira ≤0 ℃ kuteteza kutsekeka kwa kompresa).

4.2 Magawo apakati: Zizindikiro za 3 Zoyenera Kuwona

① Evaporator: Ikani patsogolo "ma aluminiyamu chubu zipsepse evaporators" (15% apamwamba kutentha dissipation mphamvu kuposa machubu mkuwa) ndi msonkhano dera "≥0.8㎡ kwa 1000L mphamvu"; ② Compressor: Sankhani "hermetic scroll compressor" (mwachitsanzo, Danfoss SC series) yokhala ndi mphamvu yozizirira yofananira ndi mufiriji (≥1200W kuzirala kwa mafiriji 1000L); ③ Refrigerant: Ikani patsogolo R600a (mtengo wa ODP = 0, kukwaniritsa miyezo ya chilengedwe ya EU); pewani kugula zitsanzo zakale pogwiritsa ntchito R22 (pang'onopang'ono zimachotsedwa).

4.3 Yang'anani Zitsanzo Zokhala ndi Ntchito za "Nzeru Yoyamba Kwambiri".

Pogula, pamafunika zida ndi: ① Kutentha modabwitsa chenjezo (mayimbidwe ndi kuwala alamu pamene nduna kutentha kuposa mtengo anaikika ndi 3℃); ② Kudzizindikira kolakwika (chiwonetsero chowonetsera chikuwonetsa zizindikiro ngati "E1" pakulephera kwa evaporator, "E2" chifukwa cha kulephera kwa kompresa); ③ Kuyang'anira kutali (onani kutentha ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito kudzera pa APP). Ngakhale zitsanzo zotere zili ndi mtengo wogula 5% -10% wapamwamba, zimachepetsa 90% ya mavuto oziziritsa mwadzidzidzi ndi kuchepetsa ntchito ndi kukonza ndalama.

Mwachidule, kuthetsa kuzizira kosakwanira mufiriji wowongoka wamalonda kumafuna njira "yatatu-imodzi": kuzindikira, zothetsera, ndi kupewa. Akatswiri ogula zinthu ayenera choyamba kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa chifukwa cha zizindikiro, kenako sankhani "kukweza kwa evaporator iwiri," "kukonza zinthu," kapena "kusintha mwanzeru" kutengera mphamvu ya zida ndi moyo wautumiki, ndipo pamapeto pake akwaniritse kuziziritsa kokhazikika komanso kukhathamiritsa kwa mtengo wake pokonza zokhazikika komanso kusankha kodziletsa. Ndikoyenera kuika patsogolo njira zotsika mtengo zanthawi yayitali monga ma evaporator apawiri kuti mupewe kutayika kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito kuchokera pakupulumutsa ndalama kwakanthawi kochepa.