Kwazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, mafiriji akhala zida zazikulu pamsika, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri posungira chakudya. Chifukwa cha kuchulukirachulukira kwa mizinda, kusintha kwa malo okhala, komanso kukweza kwa malingaliro ogwiritsira ntchito,mini furiji, mafiriji ochepa oongoka,ndimafiriji a zitseko zamagalasiakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzochitika zosiyanasiyana ndipo akhala mitundu itatu yodetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri pamsika wamalonda wapadziko lonse.
Mafuriji ang'onoang'ono: Kupambana kwakukulu m'malo ang'onoang'ono
Zida za firiji zophatikizikazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mphamvu zosakwana malita 100 ndipo zimatenga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a malo amitundu yachikhalidwe, komabe zimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zafiriji pazochitika zinazake. Zambiri zamsika zikuwonetsa kuti kukula kwa msika wapadziko lonse wa zida zonyamulika zafiriji kudafika yuan biliyoni 1.39 mu 2024 ndipo akuyembekezeka kukula mpaka 1.87 biliyoni pofika 2031, ndikukula kwapachaka kwa 3.8%, kuwonetsa kufunikira kwa ogula kosalekeza kwa mayankho osinthika a firiji.
Pankhani ya zochitika zogwirira ntchito, m'nyumba zogona zapayunivesite ndi maofesi, amapereka njira zosungiramo ana asukulu ndi ogwira ntchito muofesi, kupeŵa vuto lobwerera mmbuyo ndikupita kumalo a boma. Kwa okonda misasa ndi ogwira ntchito kunja, mitundu yogwirizana ndi magetsi agalimoto ya 12V yakhala zida zofunika, zomwe zimatha kusunga chakudya chatsopano m'malo opanda magetsi.
Pogwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono, zipangizozi zapindula bwino kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito firiji yabwino ya thermoelectric kapena compression firiji, liwiro lozizilitsa la mini furiji limaposa 40% mwachangu kuposa momwe zimakhalira kale, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumachepetsedwa ndi 25%. Zachidziwikire, izi sizingasiyane ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kwa ogulitsa kumtunda m'magawo apakati monga ma micro compressor ndi zida zotsekera matenthedwe. Kuwongolera kwawo pamachitidwe opangira zolondola kumatsimikizira mwachindunji malire apamwamba a magwiridwe antchito. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zopepuka (zitsanzo zina zimakhala zochepera ma kilogalamu 10) ndi zida zonyamulika zimawonjezera mwayi wawo woyenda.
Firiji zowongoka zocheperako: Kusankha mwanzeru pakukonza malo
Ndi chitukuko ndi kusintha kwachuma chakumatauni, pali zinthu zambiri m'malo ogulitsira, masitolo akuluakulu, ndi zina zotero, ndipo malo oyenera ndi ofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pakufunika kwambiri zida zamagetsi zophatikizika mufiriji, ndipo mafiriji ang'ono owongoka atuluka monga momwe nthawi zimafunira. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi m'lifupi mwa mainchesi 20-24 (pafupifupi 50-60 cm) ndi kuya kwa mainchesi 24-28 (pafupifupi 60-70 cm), koma amatha kufika 10-15 cubic mapazi (pafupifupi malita 280-425), kugwirizanitsa kutsutsana pakati pa ntchito ya danga ndi kusunga mphamvu. Poyerekeza ndi makulidwe a mainchesi 30-36 amitundu yokhazikika, malo osungidwa ndi okwanira kupanga madera ofunikira.
Pankhani ya kukhathamiritsa kwatsatanetsatane, kapangidwe kakang'ono ka chitseko kamalola mwayi wokwanira wazinthu zamkati mukatsegulidwa madigiri 90 okha, kuthetsa vuto lomwe zitseko zamafiriji zachikhalidwe zimakhala zovuta kutsegula kwathunthu m'malo ang'onoang'ono. Mashelefu agalasi osinthika amatha kusinthidwa molingana ndi kutalika kwa zinthu, ndipo ndi magawo opangidwa mwapadera monga zopangira zakumwa ndi mabokosi osungira mwatsopano, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo ochepa kumatheka.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wamsika, kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamsika waku China ndikwambiri. Kukula kwa msika wa zida zamafiriji kudafika 146 biliyoni mu 2025, kuwonjezeka kwachaka ndi 13.5%, komwe mitundu yaying'ono komanso yopulumutsa mphamvu idatenga gawo lofunikira. Mitundu monga Nenwell yakhazikitsanso mafiriji "oonda kwambiri" a boardboard, omwe amapanikizidwa mpaka 30 cm mu makulidwe ndipo amatha kuyikidwa m'malo ang'onoang'ono kuti akwaniritse zofuna za ogula zophatikizika zokongola. Mafurijiwa samangokulitsa kukula kwake komanso amaphatikizanso ntchito zapamwamba monga kuwongolera kutentha, kusunga chinyezi, komanso kusunga mwatsopano. Mitundu ina imawonjezeranso madera odziyimira pawokha osintha kutentha, omwe amatha kusintha malo osungiramo zinthu molingana ndi mtundu wa zosakaniza.
Mafiriji a zitseko zagalasi: Kuphatikiza koyenera kwa ntchito ndi kukongola
Mafiriji a zitseko zagalasi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kutentha kwa 2-8 ℃ ndipo amabwera mumitundu ya khomo limodzi, zitseko ziwiri, zitseko zitatu, ndi zitseko zambiri. Zidazi zimadziwika ndi zitseko zamagalasi zowonekera kapena zowoneka bwino, kuswa mawonekedwe otsekedwa amitundu yachikhalidwe, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza m'malo ogulitsira.
Mafuriji amakono okhala ndi firiji amatengera magalasi osanjikiza atatu osanjikizana okhala ndi ukadaulo wa zokutira wa Low-E, womwe umachepetsa kwambiri kukomoka ndi kutayika kwa mphamvu ndikuwonetsetsa momwe mawonekedwe ake akuyendera. Kupambanaku kumapindula ndi mgwirizano wakuya pakati pa ogulitsa magalasi ndi magulu aukadaulo a firiji, zomwe zimayenderana ndi kusagwirizana pakati pa ma transmittance a kuwala ndi kutchinjiriza kwa matenthedwe kudzera kukhathamiritsa kwa ma formula ndi kukonza kapangidwe kake.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anti-fog kumapangitsa kuti chitseko chikhale chomveka pamene kutentha kumasintha, kulola ogwiritsa ntchito kudziwa zosungiramo zamkati popanda kutsegula chitseko, chomwe chiri chosavuta komanso chopulumutsa mphamvu. Kapangidwe kake ka mizere yowunikira yamkati ya LED sikumangowonjezera kuyatsa komanso kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe ofunda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zosakanizazo zikhale zowoneka bwino ngati zomwe zili m'malo atsopano azakudya m'sitolo.
M'malo ogulitsira ambiri, zitsanzo za zitseko zazing'ono zamagalasi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati makabati a zakumwa zowonetsera vinyo ndi zakumwa zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, malo odyera ndi malo ogulitsira amawagwiritsa ntchito powonetsa zokometsera ndi zakudya zopepuka, zomwe zimakhala ndi firiji komanso zowonetsera. Mitundu yanzeru imathanso kuzindikira ntchito monga kusintha kwa kutentha ndi kasamalidwe ka chakudya kudzera pagawo logwira pachitseko chagalasi kapena APP yam'manja. Zogulitsa zina zimaphatikizanso ukadaulo wozindikiritsa zakudya, zomwe zimatha kujambula nthawi yosungira ndikukumbutsa tsiku lotha ntchito.
Zomwe zikuchitika m'tsogolomu ukadaulo wa zida zamafiriji: Luntha, kusungitsa mphamvu, ndi mgwirizano wapaintaneti
Kukula kwa mitundu itatu yayikulu ya furiji kumawonetsa kusinthika kwamakampani onse, ndipo ogulitsa amatenga gawo lalikulu pakuchita izi. Kukhazikika kwa njira zogulitsira kumtunda kumakhudza mwachindunji kagawidwe ka msika komanso kuwongolera mtengo wazinthu. Makamaka pankhani ya kusinthasintha kwa mitengo ya zinthu zopangira, njira yogwirizira yomwe ili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kogula ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoperekera zinthu zimatha kuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwa msika pazogulitsa zomaliza.
Kuwongolera kosalekeza kwa magwiridwe antchito opulumutsa mphamvu kwakhala kofala. Pamsika waku China wopulumutsa mphamvu mufiriji mu 2025, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosinthira pafupipafupi kudapitilira 70%, zomwe ndizoposa 30% zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kuposa zida zanthawi zonse. Kupindula kumeneku sikungasiyanitsidwe ndi ndalama za R&D za ogulitsa m'magawo oyambira monga ma compressor osinthira pafupipafupi komanso zida zoziziritsira kutentha kwambiri. Kuthamanga kwa kubwereza kwawo kwaukadaulo kumatsimikizira mwachindunji kuthamanga kwa kupulumutsa mphamvu kwazinthu zonse. Kuchulukitsidwa kwa mafiriji ochezeka ndi chilengedwe (monga madzi achilengedwe ogwirira ntchito ngati R600a) komanso kupangika kwa zida zotenthetsera kutentha kwachepetsanso chilengedwe cha zida zotere, mogwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi zakukula kwa mpweya wochepa. Pochita izi, lingaliro lobiriwira la ogulitsa ndilofunika kwambiri. Kuchokera pakusankhidwa kwa zida zopangira mpaka kukhathamiritsa kwa njira zopangira, kuwongolera chitetezo cha chilengedwe chonse kwakhala mulingo wofunikira kuti eni eni asankhe mabwenzi.
Zikuyembekezeka kuti pofika chaka cha 2030, kukula kwa msika wamitundu yopulumutsa mphamvu kudzafika 189 biliyoni ya yuan, ndikukula kwapachaka kwa 6.8%, kuwonetsa kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwa lingaliro lachitukuko chokhazikika pazosankha zogwiritsa ntchito.
Ntchito zanzeru zikukonzanso zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akukumana nazo. M'tsogolomu, adzakhala ma node ofunikira muzinthu zachilengedwe zanzeru. Kudzera muukadaulo wa IoT, amatha kulumikizana ndi zogula kuti apange mindandanda ndikukumbutsa ogwiritsa ntchito kuti abwezerenso malinga ndi kudya. Ma algorithms a AI amatha kuphunzira kadyedwe ka ogwiritsa ntchito, kukhathamiritsa njira za firiji, ndikupereka malingaliro ophikira. Kukwaniritsidwa kwa ntchitozi kumadalira luso logwirizana la opanga ma chip, opereka chithandizo cha mapulogalamu, ndi opanga ma hardware. Kusinthika kwaukadaulo kwa maulalo onse mumayendedwe othandizira kumakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito anzeru. Pakalipano, ntchitozi zayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu zitsanzo zapamwamba ndipo pang'onopang'ono zidzalowa mumsika waukulu, kusintha momwe anthu amachitira ndi chakudya.
Deta ikuwonetsa kuti gawo la msika wa firiji m'misika yaku Europe ndi America likuyembekezeka kukwera kuchokera ku 15% mu 2025 mpaka 25% mu 2030. Zopangira makonda amitundu yosiyanasiyana yakhala chizolowezi: zatsopano monga malo osungiramo zinthu zopangira mapuloteni apamwamba opangira anthu olimba, kukhathamiritsa kwa ufa wowotchera ntchito kumafunikira okonda kuphika ndi okonda kuphika chakudya kwa mabanja okonda kuphika. ogulitsa kuti apereke mayankho omwe akukhudzidwa kwambiri, monga masensa osinthidwa makonda ndi zida zapadera zosungira mwatsopano. Izi zomwe zimafunidwa makonda amtundu wamtunduwu zimathandiza zida zotere kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zenizeni molondola.
Kukwera kwa njira zapaintaneti kwasinthanso mitundu yatsopano yamalonda ndikuyika patsogolo zofunika kwambiri pakuyankha mwachangu kwa chain chain. Chiwerengero cha malonda a malonda a pa intaneti chafika pa 45% ndipo chikuyembekezeka kukwera mpaka 60% pofika chaka cha 2030. Kuthekera kwa mgwirizano wa digito pakati pa ogulitsa ndi eni eni amtundu wakhala wofunika kwambiri. Pogawana deta yogulitsa ndi zidziwitso zazinthu, kupanga kosinthika kumakwaniritsidwa, ndikupanga njira yabwino ya "zofuna za ogwiritsa ntchito - zatsopano - kutsimikizira msika".
Posankha zipangizo zoyenera za firiji, anthu samangoganizira za mphamvu ndi ntchito komanso amaganiziranso zambiri za kusintha kwawo kwa moyo. Kusintha kwa malingaliro ogwiritsira ntchito uku kumalimbikitsa makampani onse kuti asinthe momwe angagwiritsire ntchito chidwi cha ogwiritsa ntchito ndi chitukuko chokhazikika, komanso kuchititsa kuti maulalo onse a chain chain apange mgwirizano wogwirizana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-10-2025 Maonedwe: