Pankhani ya kukakamiza padziko lonse kuti pasakhale mpweya woipa, makampani opanga mafiriji amalonda akhala ofunikira kwambiri. Malinga ndi deta yochokera ku International Energy Agency (IEA), zida zoziziritsira zimakhala ndi 18% ya mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panyumba padziko lonse lapansi. Pamene umwini wapadziko lonse lapansi ukupitirira kukula, akuyembekezeka kupitirira mayunitsi 1.5 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2030, ndi kuwonjezeka kofanana kwa kufunikira kwa mphamvu. Ngati sizikulamulidwa bwino, izi zidzakhudza kwambiri kutulutsa mpweya woipa padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake, kusintha kwa mphamvu m'makampani opanga mafiriji, monga mafiriji ndi makabati a ayisikilimu, ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukwaniritsa zolinga zosagwirizana ndi mpweya woipa.
Kudzera mu zatsopano zaukadaulo monga ma compressor osinthasintha ma frequency ndi madzi achilengedwe ogwirira ntchito (monga, kuzizira kwa CO₂), kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa mafiriji a chakudya kungachepetsedwe bwino, kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni kungachepe, ndipo njira yapadziko lonse yopewera mpweya wa kaboni ingathandizidwe. Kuyambira kuziziritsa zinthu zaulimi pamalo opangira mpaka kunyamula zinthu zozizira komanso kusungira mafiriji m'masitolo akuluakulu, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa unyolo wonse woperekera chakudya chatsopano kumadalira mafiriji.
Mu mgwirizano wogawa zinthu zaulimi, kukonza bwino momwe zinthu zimasungidwira komanso kuchepetsa kutayika kwa zinthu kumalimbikitsa kukweza mafakitale a ulimi. Mwachitsanzo, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka zimatha kutalikitsa nthawi yawo m'malo oyenera ozizira, kuchepetsa zinyalala zomwe zingawonongeke. Izi sizimangothandiza kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zaulimi zikuyenda bwino komanso zimathandiza kuchepetsa mpweya woipa wa carbon mu ulimi (pochepetsa mpweya woipa wa carbon chifukwa cha kubzalanso chifukwa cha zinyalala).
Pakadali pano, chitukuko cha makampani apamwamba osungira makabati oziziritsa chimalimbikitsa kukula kwa mgwirizano m'mafakitale akumtunda ndi akumunsi, monga kupanga ma compressor ndi kupanga zinthu zoziziritsa kuzizira. Mafakitale awa amafunikanso luso lamakono komanso kukweza mafakitale kuti achepetse mpweya woipa wa carbon, ndikupanga chilengedwe cha mafakitale chogwirizana komanso chogwirizana.
Pamene anthu akugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chambiri, kufunikira kwa ogula zakudya zabwino kwambiri kukuwonjezeka, zomwe zikuchititsa kuti kufunikira kwa firiji kukhale kwakukulu m'magawo a m'nyumba ndi m'mabizinesi. Kumbali imodzi, mabanja amafunika mafiriji akuluakulu, okhala ndi kutentha kosiyanasiyana, komanso osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kuti asungire zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Kumbali ina, magawo amalonda monga masitolo akuluakulu, masitolo ogulitsa zakudya, ndi malo odyera ali ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mafiriji, omwe amafunikira kwambiri kuti firiji igwire bwino ntchito komanso kuti ikhale yanzeru.
Kusintha kwa kufunika kwa msika wa ogula kukutsogoleranso njira zomwe anthu amagwiritsira ntchito kuti zinthu zizikhala zobiriwira, kuteteza chilengedwe, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu. Pamene zinthu zosungiramo firiji zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri ziyambitsidwa, ogula pang'onopang'ono amakulitsa chidziwitso chawo cha kuteteza chilengedwe komanso kusunga mphamvu panthawi yosankha, motero akuyendetsa msika wonse wa ogula kuti ugwirizane ndi mfundo zosagwirizana ndi mpweya.
Makampani opanga mafiriji oteteza chilengedwe ali ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chuma cha dziko lonse komanso malonda. Chifukwa cha kusalowerera ndale kwa mpweya, miyezo ya mayiko yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu moyenera komanso mfundo zachilengedwe ikukonzedwanso nthawi zonse, zomwe sizimangobweretsa kukakamizidwa kwa ukadaulo watsopano komanso kukweza mafakitale m'makampani opanga mafiriji komanso zimapanga mwayi watsopano wamsika. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwa zilembo zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu moyenera ku EU ndi miyezo yatsopano ya dziko la China kwalimbikitsa mabizinesi kuti awonjezere ndalama mu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wosunga mphamvu, zomwe zikukankhira zinthu kuti zifike pamlingo wapamwamba wogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu moyenera.
NW ikunena kuti kukonzanso kwa unyolo wa makampani opanga mafiriji padziko lonse lapansi, ndi mapangidwe a patent muukadaulo wapamwamba wa mafiriji, mabizinesi akudutsa muukadaulo watsopano komanso malo operekera zinthu. Kuyanjana kumeneku m'masewera azachuma padziko lonse lapansi kumakhudza njira yopititsira patsogolo unyolo wa mafakitale opanga zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi m'maiko osiyanasiyana komanso njira yamalonda yapadziko lonse, kukhala kofunikira kwambiri pakukwaniritsa chitukuko chokhazikika pazachuma pansi pa zolinga zapadziko lonse lapansi zosakhudzana ndi mpweya woipa.
I. Kukweza kwa Miyezo Yogwiritsira Ntchito Mphamvu Moyenera: Injini Yosinthira Zobiriwira mu Makampani Osungira Mafiriji
Popeza ndi zida zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimadya mphamvu zambiri m'nyumba ndi m'mabizinesi padziko lonse lapansi, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mafiriji kumakhudza mwachindunji kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni padziko lonse lapansi. Zotsatira za kusintha kwa zilembo zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu za EU ndizofunikira kwambiri. Mu 2021, EU idasintha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mafiriji kuchokera ku A+++ kupita ku AG, zomwe zimafuna kuti mabizinesi asinthe momwe mphamvu zamagetsi zimagwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, muyezo watsopano wa A-grade umachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 30% poyerekeza ndi muyezo wakale, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti 90% ya zinthu zomwe zilipo pamsika zitsitsidwe kukhala magiredi a B kapena C. Kusinthaku kwakakamiza mabizinesi kuti afulumizitse kusintha kwaukadaulo. Mwachitsanzo, mafiriji a Haier akweza mphamvu zawo kukhala magiredi a A++ kudzera mu ma compressor osinthasintha komanso ukadaulo woziziritsa wa CO₂, zomwe zalowa bwino pamsika waku Europe.
Mu 2025, China idzakweza miyezo yake yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu mufiriji yamalonda kufika pamlingo wapamwamba padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikufunika kukweza kwa 20% mu coefficient of performance (COP) ya mafiriji odzipangira okha. Ndondomekoyi yalimbikitsa makampani ofiriji aku China kuti afulumizitse luso laukadaulo. Mwachitsanzo, Dongbei Group idapanga compressor ya 6th-generation variable frequency compressor payokha ili ndi COP value ya 2.18, kusintha kwa 15% kuposa avareji yamakampani, ndipo yapeza chilolezo cha patent ku Europe ndi United States.
II. Kubwerezabwereza kwa Ukadaulo: Kupita Patsogolo Kawiri mu Kusinthasintha kwa Ma Frequency ndi Madzi Ogwira Ntchito Mwachilengedwe
Ukadaulo wa compressor wa ma frequency osiyanasiyana ndi wofunikira kwambiri pakukweza mphamvu mu mafiriji ndi zida zina. Ma compressor achikhalidwe okhala ndi ma frequency okhazikika amakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe ukadaulo wa ma frequency osinthasintha umachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mufiriji ndi 30%-40% posintha liwiro la injini. Mwachitsanzo, mafiriji a NENWELL amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa DC variable frequency, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu tsiku lililonse kufika pa 0.38 kWh, kusunga mphamvu ndi 50% poyerekeza ndi zinthu zachikhalidwe. Kudzera mu ukadaulo wa "separated heat-insulated exhaust silencer cavity", phokoso la compressor limachepetsedwa kufika pa 38 decibels pomwe likuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera.
III. Zopinga za Ukadaulo ndi Kukonzanso Unyolo wa Mafakitale Padziko Lonse
Mayiko otukuka amalamulira ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wozizira pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe a patent. Danfoss wa ku Denmark ali ndi ma patent opitilira 2,000 m'munda wa compressor, omwe akuphatikizapo ukadaulo wofunikira monga kulamulira ma frequency osiyanasiyana ndi kapangidwe ka CO₂ system. Bosch waku Germany amayang'anira njira zopangira zinthu zotenthetsera kutentha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwambiri. Zopinga zaukadaulozi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa mabizinesi akumayiko osatukuka kulowa m'misika yapamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zosungiramo zozizira zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja m'maiko aku Africa zimadalira mitundu yaku Europe, yomwe mtengo wake ndi wowirikiza kawiri kuposa mayiko aku China.
NENWELL, monga nyenyezi yomwe ikukwera mumakampani opanga mafiriji, imamanga mpikisano kudzera munjira zosiyanasiyana zaukadaulo:
- Matrix ya Zamalonda: Imaphimba mitundu yonse ya mafiriji ozungulira (50-500L) ndi mafiriji opingasa (100-1000L). Mafiriji ozungulira amalonda amagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka "magawo atatu otentha kawiri", zomwe zimathandiza kuti nthawi imodzi azizizira -18°C, azizizira 0-5°C, komanso azisunga zatsopano 10-15°C, kukwaniritsa zosowa zosungiramo zinthu m'masitolo akuluakulu, zipatso zatsopano, ndi zosakaniza zophikira.
- Ukadaulo Wapakati: Wokhala ndi "injini ya X-Tech variable frequency" yodzipangira yokha, pogwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms owongolera ma vector ndi zida zamaginito okhazikika a rare earth, ndi coefficient of performance (COP) yofika pa 3.0, kusintha kwa 25% kuposa avareji yamakampani. Imagwirizana ndi makina oziziritsa a CO₂ transcritical, okhala ndi kuthekera kwa kutentha kwa dziko (GWP) kwa 1 yokha.
- Kuchita Bwino kwa Msika: Mu 2024, mafiriji a NENWELL anali ndi gawo la msika la 12% ku Southeast Asia, ndi kukula kwa 38% pachaka pamsika waku Europe. Pakati pawo, mafiriji ozungulira a 500L okhala ndi machitidwe owongolera kutentha kwanzeru anali oposa 7% pamsika wogulitsa chakudya ku Germany, kukhala kampani yoyamba yaku China kulowa m'makampani 10 apamwamba kwambiri aku Europe omwe amagulitsa mafiriji.
Dongbei Group idayika ndalama zokwana mayuan 30 miliyoni mu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha ma compressor otentha kwambiri, zomwe zidakwanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa firiji wa -86°C kuti zilowe m'malo mwa zinthu zomwe zatumizidwa kunja. Mafiriji a Haier akhazikitsa maziko opangira zinthu ku Egypt, Turkey, ndi malo ena kudzera mu njira ya "trinity" padziko lonse lapansi, kukwaniritsa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha malo ndi kupanga kuti apewe zopinga zamalonda. Mu 2024, kuchuluka kwa mafiriji aku China omwe amatumizidwa kunja kunafika mayunitsi 24.112 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 24.3%, zomwe zimapangitsa 55% ya gawo la msika wapadziko lonse lapansi.
IV. Masewera Azachuma Padziko Lonse: Kufunika Kwabwino kwa Mafiriji Obiriwira
Ndondomeko zamalonda ndi miyezo yaukadaulo zakhala malo atsopano omenyera nkhondo kuti pakhale mpikisano wamphamvu kwambiri. Lamulo Lochepetsa Kukwera kwa Mitengo ku US limapereka chiwongola dzanja cha 30% cha msonkho pakupanga mafiriji apakhomo, pomwe Kaboni ya EU Yosintha Migaŵa ya Carbon Border (CBAM) imafuna kuti mafiriji ochokera kunja alengeze za zizindikiro zawo zonse za kaboni. Mabizinesi ena amayankha kudzera mu unyolo wopezera zinthu zobiriwira, monga kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chobiriwira (chitsulo chotsika cha kaboni) ndi mapulasitiki obwezerezedwanso, kuchepetsa zizindikiro za kaboni ndi 40% ndikudutsa kutsimikizika kwa kaboni wasayansi wa SBTi.
Kutumiza ukadaulo kunja ndi kukhazikitsa muyezo ndi njira zanthawi yayitali zamabizinesi apadziko lonse lapansi. Dongbei Group yapempha ma patent monga "zoletsa mpweya wolowera m'malo obisika" ku Europe ndi United States ndipo yatenga nawo gawo pakupanga miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi. Muyezo waukadaulo wa CO₂ wozizira womwe umatsogozedwa ndi mafiriji a Haier waphatikizidwa mu pepala loyera la International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR). Njirazi sizimangowonjezera mawu amakampani komanso zimapereka mayankho osinthira zachilengedwe m'makampani opanga mafiriji padziko lonse lapansi.
V. Zochitika Zamtsogolo: Kuphatikiza Ukadaulo ndi Chuma Chozungulira
Kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa ukadaulo wanzeru ndi makabati oziziritsa mwachangu kudzasintha mawonekedwe amakampani. Masensa a IoT amatha kuyang'anira momwe mphamvu imagwiritsidwira ntchito mufiriji nthawi yeniyeni, ndipo ma algorithms a AI amatha kukonza bwino kayendedwe ka firiji, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 10%. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito ya "nzeru yowongolera kutentha" ya Midea imasintha yokha mphamvu ya firiji pophunzira zizolowezi za ogwiritsa ntchito.
Kukonzanso kwaukadaulo ndi kukonzanso unyolo wa mafakitale a mafakitale osungiramo mafiriji kwenikweni zikuyimira kusintha kwa chuma cha padziko lonse lapansi kupita ku chitukuko chobiriwira komanso chopanda mpweya woipa. Mtsogolomu, mpikisano mumakampani osungiramo mafiriji udzayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga zatsopano zaukadaulo, malo okhazikika, ndi chuma chozungulira, zomwe sizikukhudza kupulumuka kwa mabizinesi okha komanso kukwaniritsa zolinga zapadziko lonse lapansi zosagwirizana ndi mpweya woipa. Mafiriji, omwe amawoneka ngati zida wamba zapakhomo, akukhala malo atsopano omenyera nkhondo pamasewera azachuma padziko lonse lapansi.
Nthawi yolemba: Epulo-23-2025 Mawonedwe: