Ust June 2025 isanafike, chilengezo chochokera ku dipatimenti ya zamalonda ku US chinachititsa chidwi kwambiri pamakampani opanga zida zapakhomo padziko lonse lapansi. Kuyambira pa June 23, magulu asanu ndi atatu a zitsulo - zopangidwa ndi zipangizo zapakhomo, kuphatikizapo mafiriji ophatikizana, makina ochapira, mafiriji, ndi zina zotero, adaphatikizidwa mwalamulo mu gawo la 232 kufufuza tariffs, ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali mpaka 50%. Uku sikusuntha kwapadera koma kupitiriza ndi kukulitsa ndondomeko ya US zitsulo zoletsa malonda. Kuchokera pa chilengezo cha "Implementation of Steel Tariffs" mu Marichi 2025, ku ndemanga ya anthu pa "ndondomeko yophatikizira" mu Meyi, ndiyeno kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa msonkho kuchokera ku zigawo zachitsulo kuti amalize makina nthawi ino, US ikupanga "chotchinga" chazitsulo zotumizidwa kunja - zopangidwa ndi zida zapanyumba kudzera mundondomeko yopitilira patsogolo.
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Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti ndondomekoyi imasiyanitsa momveka bwino malamulo amisonkho a "zigawo zachitsulo" ndi "zigawo zopanda zitsulo". Zida zachitsulo zimakhala ndi 50% Section 232 tariff koma sizimachotsedwa "kubweza msonkho". Non - zigawo zitsulo, Komano, ayenera kulipira "kubweza tariff" (kuphatikiza tariff 10% zofunika, ndi 20% fentanyl - okhudzana tariff, etc.) koma si pansi pa Gawo 232 tariff. "Kusamalira kosiyana" kumeneku kumakhudza zida zapanyumba zokhala ndi zitsulo zosiyanasiyana kuzovuta zosiyanasiyana.
I. Kaonedwe ka Ndalama Zamalonda: Kufunika kwa Msika waku US wa Zida Zanyumba zaku China
Monga likulu lapadziko lonse lapansi popanga zida zapanyumba, China imatumiza zinthu zambiri zomwe zikukhudzidwa ku US. Zambiri za 2024 zikuwonetsa kuti:
Mtengo wotumizira kunja kwa mafiriji ndi mafiriji (kuphatikiza magawo) ku US unafika 3.16 biliyoni US dollars, pachaka - pa - chaka chiwonjezeko cha 20.6%. US idawerengera 17.3% ya kuchuluka kwazinthu zonse zomwe zidatumizidwa m'gululi, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale msika waukulu kwambiri.
Mtengo wotumizira kunja kwa uvuni wamagetsi ku US unali madola 1.58 biliyoni aku US, omwe amawerengera 19.3% ya kuchuluka kwa zotumiza kunja, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zotumiza kunja kudakwera ndi 18.3% chaka - pa - chaka.
Wotaya zinyalala m'khitchini amadalira kwambiri msika waku US, pomwe 48.8% ya mtengo wotumizira kunja ukupita ku US, ndipo kuchuluka kwa katundu wotumiza kunja ndi 70.8% ya chiwopsezo chapadziko lonse lapansi.
Tikayang'ana zomwe zikuchitika kuyambira 2019 - 2024, kupatula ma uvuni amagetsi, mitengo yotumizira kunja yamagulu ena omwe akukhudzidwa ku US idawonetsa kusinthasintha kwazomwe zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa msika waku US kumabizinesi aku China.
II. Kodi Mungawerengere Bwanji Mtengo? Zomwe Zili ndi Zitsulo Zimatsimikizira Kuwonjezeka Kwa Mtengo
Zotsatira za kusintha kwa tarifi pamabizinesi zimawonekera pakuwerengera ndalama. Tengani firiji yaku China - yopangidwa ndi mtengo wa madola 100 aku US mwachitsanzo:
Ngati zitsulo zimapanga 30% (ie, madola 30 a US), ndipo gawo lopanda zitsulo ndi madola 70 US;
Pamaso pa kusintha, tariff anali 55% (kuphatikiza "kubweza tariff", "fentanyl - zokhudzana tariff", "Kamutu 301 tariff");
Pambuyo pa kusintha, chigawo chachitsulo chiyenera kukhala ndi 50% yowonjezera Gawo 232, ndipo mtengo wonse umakwera kufika 67%, kuonjezera mtengo pa unit pafupifupi 12 madola US.
Izi zikutanthawuza kuti zitsulo zomwe zili pamwamba pazitsulo zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri. Kwa kuwala - zida zapanyumba zomwe zili ndi zitsulo zozungulira 15%, kuwonjezereka kwamitengo kumakhala kochepa. Komabe, pazinthu zomwe zili ndi chitsulo chochuluka monga mafiriji ndi mafelemu achitsulo otsekemera, kupanikizika kwamtengo kumakwera kwambiri.
III. Mmene Chain Amachitira mu Unyolo Wamafakitale: Kuchokera pamtengo Kufikira Kapangidwe
Ndondomeko ya tariff yaku US ikuyambitsa machitidwe angapo:
Pamsika wapakhomo waku US, kukwera kwamitengo yazida zapanyumba zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja kudzakweza mtengo wamalonda, zomwe zitha kupondereza kufunikira kwa ogula.
Kwa mabizinesi aku China, phindu lotumiza kunja silidzakanikizidwa kokha, koma amayeneranso kukumana ndi zovuta zochokera kwa omwe akupikisana nawo monga Mexico. Gawo la zida zapakhomo zofananira zomwe US zimachokera ku Mexico zinali zokwera kuposa zaku China, ndipo mfundo zamitengo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zofanana pamabizinesi akumayiko onsewa.
Pamgwirizano wamakampani apadziko lonse lapansi, kuchulukira kwa zotchinga zamalonda kumatha kukakamiza mabizinesi kuti asinthe momwe amapangira. Mwachitsanzo, kukhazikitsa mafakitale kuzungulira North America kuti apewe mitengo yamitengo kumawonjezera zovuta komanso mtengo wamakampani ogulitsa.
VI. Mayankho a Bizinesi: Njira Yochokera Kuwunika Kupita Kuchita
Poyang'anizana ndi kusintha kwa mfundo, mabizinesi aku China opangira zida zakunyumba amatha kuyankha pazinthu zitatu:
Cost Re - engineering: Konzani kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu, fufuzani m'malo mwa zinthu zopepuka, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zida zachitsulo kuti muchepetse kukhudzidwa kwamitengo.
Kusiyanasiyana Kwamisika: Konzani misika yomwe ikubwera monga Southeast Asia ndi Middle East kuti muchepetse kudalira msika waku US.
Kulumikizana ndi Policy: Yang'anirani mosamalitsa zomwe zikuchitika mu "ndondomeko yophatikizira" ya US, kuwonetsa zomwe akufuna kudzera m'mafakitale (monga Nthambi ya Home Appliance ya China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products), ndipo yesetsani kuchepetsa mitengo yamitengo kudzera m'njira zovomerezeka.
Monga omwe akutenga nawo gawo pamakampani opanga zida zapadziko lonse lapansi, mayankho amabizinesi aku China samangokhudza kupulumuka kwawo koma akhudzanso njira yomanganso msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wa zida zapanyumba. Pankhani ya kukhazikika kwa mikangano yamalonda, kusintha njira zosinthika ndikulimbitsa luso laukadaulo kungakhale chinsinsi chakuyenda mosatsimikizika.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-04-2025 Maonedwe: