Posachedwapa, malonda padziko lonse lapansi asokonekera kwambiri chifukwa cha kusintha kwatsopano kwa mitengo. United States ikukonzekera kukhazikitsa mwalamulo mfundo zatsopano zamitengo pa Okutobala 5, ndikuyika misonkho yowonjezera ya 15% - 40% pa katundu wotumizidwa isanafike pa Ogasiti 7. Mayiko ambiri opanga zinthu, kuphatikiza South Korea, Japan, ndi Vietnam, akuphatikizidwa mu gawo lokonzanso. Izi zasokoneza machitidwe owerengera ndalama omwe mabizinesi adakhazikitsa ndipo zayambitsa zodabwitsa pa unyolo wonse, kuyambira kutumiza zida zapakhomo monga mafiriji mpaka zida zoyendera panyanja, zomwe zakakamiza makampani kusintha mwachangu njira zawo zogwirira ntchito panthawi yoletsa ndondomekoyi.
I. Makampani Otumiza Zinthu ku Firiji: Kukanikiza Kawiri Mtengo Wokwera Kwambiri ndi Kusintha Maoda
Monga gulu loyimira katundu wotumizidwa kunja kwa zipangizo zapakhomo, makampani osungiramo mafiriji ndi oyamba kuvutika ndi mavuto a msonkho. Makampani ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana akukumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kapangidwe ka mphamvu zopangira. Kwa makampani aku China, United States yaphatikiza mafiriji pamndandanda wa mitengo ya zitsulo. Kuphatikiza ndi mtengo wowonjezera wa 15% - 40% nthawi ino, msonkho wonse wawonjezeka kwambiri. Mu 2024, kutumiza kunja kwa mafiriji ndi mafiriji ku China ku United States kunafika pa $3.16 biliyoni, zomwe zimapangitsa 17.3% ya kuchuluka konse kwa katundu wotumizidwa kunja kwa gululi. Kukwera kulikonse kwa 10% - peresenti - kwa mitengo kudzawonjezera ndalama zoposa $300 miliyoni pachaka pamtengo wamakampani. Kuwerengera kwa kampani yotsogola kukuwonetsa kuti pa firiji yokhala ndi zitseko zambiri yokhala ndi mtengo wotumizira kunja wa $800, pamene mtengo wotumizira kunja ukukwera kuchokera pa 10% yoyambirira kufika pa 25%, msonkho pa unit umawonjezeka ndi $120, ndipo phindu limachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 8% kufika pansi pa 3%.
Makampani aku South Korea akukumana ndi vuto la "kusinthasintha kwa mitengo." Mtengo wa mafiriji opangidwa ku South Korea ndikutumizidwa ku United States ndi Samsung ndi LG wakwera kufika pa 15%, koma mafakitale awo ku Vietnam, omwe amagulitsa katundu wambiri wotumizidwa kunja, akukumana ndi mtengo wapamwamba wa 20%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kupewa ndalama kudzera mu kusamutsa mphamvu zopangira pakanthawi kochepa. Chovuta kwambiri ndichakuti zigawo zachitsulo zomwe zili mufiriji zimapatsidwa msonkho wapadera wa 50% Gawo 232. Misonkho iwiri yakakamiza mitengo yogulitsa ya mitundu ina ya mafiriji apamwamba ku United States kukwera ndi 15%, zomwe zapangitsa kuti maoda ochokera ku masitolo akuluakulu monga Walmart achepe ndi 8% pamwezi. Makampani ogulitsa zida zapakhomo ku China ku Vietnam akukumana ndi mavuto akulu kwambiri. Mtundu wosinthira wa "wopangidwa ku China, wolembedwa ku Vietnam" walephera kwathunthu chifukwa cha mtengo wolipira wa 40%. Makampani monga Fujia Co., Ltd. akuyenera kuwonjezera chiŵerengero cha kugula kwa mafakitale awo aku Vietnam kuchokera pa 30% mpaka 60% kuti akwaniritse malamulo oyambira.
Mphamvu zopewera kukana kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati ndizofooka kwambiri. Kampani yogulitsa mafiriji yaku India yomwe imapanga mabizinesi aku America ambiri yataya mpikisano wake wamitengo chifukwa cha 40% ya mitengo yowonjezera. Yalandira zidziwitso zoletsa maoda atatu okwana mayunitsi 200,000, zomwe zimapangitsa 12% ya mphamvu yake yopangira pachaka. Ngakhale kuti mtengo wa mabizinesi aku Japan ndi 25% yokha, kuphatikiza ndi kuchepa kwa mtengo wa yen, phindu lotumiza kunja lachepa kwambiri. Panasonic yakonza zotumiza gawo la mphamvu yake yapamwamba yopangira mafiriji ku Mexico kuti ikapeze zomwe imakonda pamitengo.
II. Msika Wotumiza Zinthu Panyanja: Kusintha Kwamphamvu Pakati pa Kukwera Kwakanthawi Kochepa ndi Kupsinjika Kwakanthawi Kotalika
Kusinthana kwa "mafunde othamanga kwambiri" ndi "kuyembekezera - ndikuwona nthawi" komwe kwayambitsidwa ndi mfundo zamitengo kwapangitsa kuti msika wotumiza katundu wapamadzi ukhale wosakhazikika kwambiri. Pofuna kuletsa mitengo yakale yamitengo isanafike nthawi yomaliza yotumizira katundu pa Ogasiti 7, makampani adatulutsa maoda mwamphamvu, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti "pasakhale malo" panjira zopita kumadzulo kwa United States. Makampani otumiza katundu monga Matson ndi Hapag - Lloyd akweza mitengo ya katundu motsatizana. Ndalama zowonjezera za chidebe cha mamita 40 zakwera kufika pa $3,000, ndipo mtengo wa katundu panjira yochokera ku Tianjin kupita kumadzulo kwa United States wakwera ndi zoposa 11% pa sabata imodzi.
Pansi pa chitukuko cha kanthawi kochepachi pali nkhawa zobisika. Chitsanzo cha makampani otumiza katundu chokwera kwambiri sichingapitirire. Mitengo yatsopano ikayamba kugwira ntchito pa Okutobala 5, msika udzalowa munthawi yofunikira kwambiri. Bungwe la China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products likuneneratu kuti pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa mfundo zatsopanozi, kuchuluka kwa katundu wonyamulidwa kuchokera ku China kupita kumadzulo kwa United States wa zida zapakhomo kudzachepa ndi 12% - 15%. Pofika nthawi imeneyo, makampani otumiza katundu angakumane ndi zoopsa za kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe alibe katundu m'makontena komanso kutsika kwa mitengo ya katundu.
Choopsa kwambiri, makampani akuyamba kusintha njira zawo zoyendera kuti achepetse ndalama zolipirira. Maoda otumizira mwachindunji kuchokera ku Vietnam kupita ku United States achepa, pomwe mayendedwe odutsa malire kudzera ku Mexico awonjezeka ndi 20%, zomwe zakakamiza makampani otumiza katundu kuti akonzenso maukonde awo a njira. Ndalama zowonjezera zokonzekera nthawi zidzaperekedwa kwa makampani.
Kusatsimikizika kwa nthawi yoyendera zinthu kukuwonjezera nkhawa ya mabizinesi. Ndondomekoyi ikunena kuti katundu amene sanachotsedwe kuti akafike ku misonkho isanafike pa 5 Okutobala adzalipidwa msonkho wobwerera m'mbuyo, ndipo nthawi yolowera kuchotsera katundu m'madoko akumadzulo kwa US yakulitsidwa kuchoka pa masiku atatu mpaka masiku 7. Mabizinesi ena agwiritsa ntchito njira ya "kugawa makontena ndikufika m'magulu," kugawa maoda onse m'makontena ang'onoang'ono angapo okhala ndi mayunitsi osakwana 50 chilichonse. Ngakhale izi zikuwonjezera ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi 30%, zitha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yochotsera katundu ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo chosowa nthawi yomaliza.
III. Kuyendetsa Unyolo Wathunthu wa Makampani: Zotsatira za Unyolo kuchokera ku Zigawo kupita ku Msika wa Terminal
Zotsatira za misonkho zafika pamlingo wopitirira gawo lomaliza lopangira zinthu ndipo zikupitirira kufalikira ku mafakitale akumtunda ndi akumunsi. Makampani opanga ma evaporator, omwe ndi gawo lalikulu la mafiriji, anali oyamba kumva kupsinjika. Pofuna kuthana ndi msonkho wowonjezera wa 15%, Sanhua Group yaku South Korea yachepetsa mtengo wogulira mapaipi amkuwa ndi aluminiyamu ndi 5%, zomwe zakakamiza ogulitsa aku China kuchepetsa ndalama posintha zinthu.
Makampani opanga ma compressor ku India ali pamavuto: kugula chitsulo cha m'deralo kuti chikwaniritse malamulo oyendetsera zinthu ku United States kumawonjezera ndalama ndi 12%; ngati atatumizidwa kuchokera ku China, akukumana ndi mavuto awiri a mitengo ya zinthu ndi mitengo ya zinthu zomwe zili m'gulu la ...
Kusintha kwa kufunikira pamsika wa terminal kwapanga njira yosinthira. Pofuna kupewa zoopsa zosungiramo zinthu, ogulitsa aku US afupikitsa nthawi yoyitanitsa kuchokera ku miyezi itatu kufika pa mwezi umodzi ndipo amafuna kuti mabizinesi akhale ndi luso la "kutumiza zinthu zazing'ono mwachangu." Izi zakakamiza mabizinesi ngati Haier kukhazikitsa malo osungiramo zinthu ku Los Angeles ndi mitundu ya mafiriji osungiramo zinthu pasadakhale. Ngakhale kuti mtengo wosungiramo zinthu wakwera ndi 8%, nthawi yotumizira ikhoza kuchepetsedwa kuchoka pa masiku 45 kufika pa masiku 7. Makampani ena ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati asankha kuchoka pamsika wa US ndikutembenukira kumadera omwe ali ndi mitengo yokhazikika, monga Europe ndi Southeast Asia. Mu kotala lachiwiri la 2025, kutumiza mafiriji ku Vietnam kupita ku Europe kwawonjezeka ndi 22% chaka ndi chaka.
Kuvuta kwa mfundozi kwapangitsanso kuti pakhale zoopsa zotsata malamulo. Bungwe la US Customs lalimbitsa kutsimikizira "kusintha kwakukulu." Kampani ina yapezeka kuti ili ndi "choyambira chabodza" chifukwa fakitale yake yaku Vietnam inkangopanga zinthu zosavuta ndipo zigawo zake zazikulu zidachokera ku China. Zotsatira zake, katundu wake adagwidwa, ndipo adakumana ndi chindapusa chowirikiza katatu kuposa mtengo wake. Izi zapangitsa makampani kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri pokhazikitsa njira zotsatirira malamulo. Pa kampani imodzi, mtengo wowerengera zikalata zoyambira wokha wakwera ndi 1.5% ya ndalama zake pachaka.
IV. Mayankho a Makampani Osiyanasiyana ndi Kukonzanso Mphamvu
Nenwell adati ngakhale kuti pali mavuto a mitengo, ikupanga zopinga zotsutsana ndi chiopsezo kudzera mu kusintha kwa mphamvu zopangira, kukonza mtengo, komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa msika. Ponena za kapangidwe ka mphamvu zopangira, chitsanzo cha "Southeast Asia + the Americas" cha dual-hub chikuyamba pang'onopang'ono. Potengera zida za firiji mwachitsanzo, zimatumikira msika wa US ndi 10% ya mtengo wosankhidwa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, zimafuna chithandizo cha zero-tariff motsatira Pangano la United States-Mexico-Canada, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha ndalama zokhazikika ndi 60%.
Kukulitsa kuwongolera ndalama kuti zinthu ziyende bwino ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Mwa kukonza bwino njira zopangira, kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zomwe zili mufiriji kwachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 28% kufika pa 22%, zomwe zachepetsa ndalama zolipirira zinthu zopangidwa ndi zitsulo. Lexy Electric yawonjezera kuchuluka kwa ntchito zodziyimira payokha mu fakitale yake yaku Vietnam, kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi 18% ndikuchepetsa kukakamizidwa kwa mitengo.
Njira yosinthira msika yawonetsa zotsatira zoyambirira. Mabizinesi ayenera kuwonjezera khama lawo pofufuza misika ku Central ndi Eastern Europe ndi Southeast Asia. Mu theka loyamba la chaka cha 2025, kutumiza kunja ku Poland kwawonjezeka ndi 35%; makampani aku South Korea akuyang'ana kwambiri pamsika wapamwamba. Mwa kupatsa mafiriji ukadaulo wanzeru wowongolera kutentha, awonjezera malo apamwamba pamitengo kufika pa 20%, ndikuphimba pang'ono ndalama zolipirira. Mabungwe amakampani nawonso amachita gawo lofunikira. Kudzera mu ntchito monga maphunziro a mfundo ndi kupanga machesi owonetsera, China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products yathandiza mabizinesi opitilira 200 kupeza mwayi wolowa mumsika wa EU, kuchepetsa kudalira kwawo pamsika wa US.
Kusintha kwa mitengo m'maiko osiyanasiyana sikungoyesa mphamvu za makampani zogulira zinthu komanso kumawayesanso kupirira kwa unyolo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Mwa kusintha mwadongosolo kuti mugwirizane ndi malamulo atsopano amalonda, pomwe malo operekera msonkho akuchepa pang'onopang'ono, luso laukadaulo, mgwirizano wa unyolo woperekera katundu, ndi kuthekera kogwirira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi pamapeto pake zidzakhala mpikisano waukulu kwa makampani kuti adutse mu chifunga cha malonda.
Nthawi yolemba: Okutobala-21-2025 Mawonedwe: