Mu dongosolo la zida zoziziritsira m'mafakitale,choziziritsira mpweyandi chimodzi mwa zigawo zazikulu zoziziritsira, zomwe zimatsimikiza momwe firiji imagwirira ntchito komanso kukhazikika kwa zida. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuziziritsira, ndipo mfundo yake ndi iyi: imasintha nthunzi ya firiji yotentha kwambiri komanso yothamanga kwambiri yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi compressor kukhala madzi otentha apakatikati komanso othamanga kwambiri kudzera mu kusinthana kwa kutentha, ndikuyika maziko a kuyamwa kutentha ndi nthunzi ya firiji mu evaporator kuti izizire ndi kuziritsira. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya ma condenser ndi awa:zoziziritsa mpweya za chubu chaching'ono, zoziziritsa mpweya za chubu cha waya, ndi zoziziritsa mpweya za chubu chaching'ono.
Pa masitolo akuluakulu ku Europe ndi America, mphamvu ya firiji, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso nthawi yomwe zipangizo zonse zoziziritsira, kuyambira makabati oziziritsira ndi mafiriji mpaka malo ambiri osungiramo zinthu zoziziritsira, zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi momwe ma condenser amagwirira ntchito. Mavuto monga kusakwanira kutentha, kukula, kapena kutsekeka kwa ma condenser akachitika, sizingowonjezera kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya zida zoziziritsira komanso kusinthasintha kwa kutentha mkati mwa makabati, zomwe zimakhudza ubwino wa chakudya chosungira, komanso zimawonjezera mphamvu yogwirira ntchito ya compressor, zimawonjezera kwambiri mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso zimafupikitsa moyo wonse wa ntchito ya zida.
Ma Condenser ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zida zazikulu zoziziritsira mongamafiriji a patebulo, makabati a ayisikilimu, makina opangira ayezi, makabati owonetsera zakumwa zozizira m'masitolo akuluakulu, makabati a makeke, makabati a mowa, ndi mafiriji apakhomo,kuchita gawo lofunika kwambiri pakusunga chakudya chatsopano komanso kuzizira.
1. Ma Condenser a Fin-Tube: Njira Yaikulu Yochotsera Kutentha Moyenera
Thechoziziritsira mpweya cha chubu cha finndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya ma condenser omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kapangidwe kake kapakati kamakhala ndi machubu amkuwa (kapena machubu a aluminiyamu) ndi zipsepse zachitsulo. Mwa kuwonjezera zipsepse zokhuthala pamwamba pa machubu osalala achitsulo, malo otaya kutentha amawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu yosinthira kutentha imawonjezeka.
Ponena za kapangidwe kake, zipangizo za chipss nthawi zambiri zimakhala aluminiyamu, ndipo zida zina zapamwamba zimagwiritsa ntchito zipss zamkuwa. Zipss za aluminiyamu zakhala zodziwika bwino chifukwa cha ubwino wawo wotsika mtengo komanso kulemera kopepuka. Njira zolumikizira zipsss ndi machubu amkuwa zimaphatikizapo njira yokanikiza chipss, njira yokulunga chipsss, ndinjira yozungulira zipiniPakati pawo, njira yopukutira zipini imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zoziziritsira zapakatikati komanso zapamwamba kwambiri m'masitolo akuluakulu chifukwa zipinizo zimagwirizanitsidwa bwino ndi machubu amkuwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kusamatenthe kwambiri komanso kuti kutentha kusatenthe bwino.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuti akwaniritse zofunikira pakuyika zida zosiyanasiyana zoziziritsira, ma condenser a fin-tube amathanso kugawidwa m'magulu oziziritsidwa ndi mpweya ndi oziziritsidwa ndi madzi. Mtundu woziziritsidwa ndi mpweya sufuna njira yowonjezera yoyendera madzi ndipo ndi wosavuta kuyiyika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera makabati oziziritsidwa ndi masitolo akuluakulu, mafiriji ang'onoang'ono, ndi zina zotero. Mtundu woziziritsidwa ndi madzi uli ndi mphamvu zambiri zotaya kutentha koma umafuna madzi abwino kwambiri ndipo umafuna nsanja yoziziritsira yothandizira. Umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makina oziziritsira apakati m'masitolo akuluakulu kapena zida zoziziritsira zambiri.
Ponena za momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso momwe amasamalirira, chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zotaya kutentha kwambiri komanso njira zosinthira zoyikira, ma condenser a fin-tube amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makabati otseguka a firiji m'masitolo akuluakulu, m'mafiriji oyimirira, m'malo osungira ozizira pamodzi, ndi zida zina.
Pakukonza tsiku ndi tsiku, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa fumbi ndi zinyalala pamwamba pa zipsepse nthawi zonse kuti mipata ya zipsepse isasokoneze kutentha. Pa ma condenser oziziritsidwa ndi mpweya, ndikofunikiranso kuyang'ana momwe injini ya fan imagwirira ntchito kuti muwonetsetse kuti liwiro la fan ndi loyenera. Pa ma condenser oziziritsidwa ndi madzi, mapaipi amafunika kutsukidwa nthawi zonse kuti achepetse mphamvu yosinthira kutentha, komanso nthawi yomweyo, samalani ndi kuyang'ana ngati pali kutayikira kulikonse pamalo olumikizira mapaipi amadzi.
2. Ma Condenser a Waya: Njira Yothandiza Yokhala ndi Kapangidwe Kakang'ono
Thechoziziritsira cha waya, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Bondi chubu condenser, ili ndi kapangidwe kake kokonza machubu angapo owonda amkuwa (nthawi zambiri machubu a Bondi, mwachitsanzo, machubu achitsulo opangidwa ndi galvanized) motsatizana kenako n’kumazungulira mawaya achitsulo owonda pamwamba pa machubu amkuwa kuti apange netiweki yochuluka yotaya kutentha. Poyerekeza ndi machubu otaya kutentha, kapangidwe kake ndi kakang’ono kwambiri, malo otaya kutentha pa voliyumu ya unit ndi akulu, ndipo kulumikizana pakati pa mawaya achitsulo ndi machubu amkuwa ndi kolimba, ndi kukana kugwedezeka kwamphamvu.
Ponena za ubwino wa ntchito yake, ngakhale kuti mphamvu yake yotaya kutentha ndi yotsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi ya ma condenser a fin-tube, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kakang'ono komanso malo ake ochepa, ndi yoyenera kwambiri kuyikidwa mu zida zoziziritsira m'masitolo akuluakulu okhala ndi malo ochepa, monga ma freezer ang'onoang'ono opingasa ndi makabati oziziritsa mkati.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pamwamba pa condenser ya waya ndi yosalala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti fumbi lisasonkhanike mosavuta, ndipo kuyeretsa tsiku ndi tsiku n'kosavuta. Imakhalanso ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi dzimbiri komanso nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito, makamaka yoyenera malo okhala ndi chinyezi m'masitolo akuluakulu (monga zida zoziziritsira pafupi ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zam'madzi ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zatsopano).
Ponena za momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zazing'ono zoziziritsira m'masitolo akuluakulu, monga makabati owonetsera oziziritsira patebulo, mafiriji ang'onoang'ono, ndi makabati ena osungira zipatso zatsopano. Pokonza, samalani izi: pukutani fumbi la pamwamba nthawi zonse ndi nsalu yofewa, ndipo palibe chifukwa chochotsa ndi kuyeretsa pafupipafupi; ngati zidazo zili pamalo onyowa kwa nthawi yayitali, yang'anani ngati pali dzimbiri pamwamba pa condenser. Dzimbiri likapezeka, likonzeni ndi utoto woletsa dzimbiri nthawi yake kuti dzimbiri lisafalikire ndikukhudza momwe kutentha kumayendera; nthawi yomweyo, pewani zinthu zolimba zomwe zingagunde mawaya achitsulo ndi machubu amkuwa a condenser kuti mupewe kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake kuti kachepetse kutayika kwa kutentha.
3. Ma Condenser a Tube-Sheet: Chosankha Chodalirika cha Zochitika Zamphamvu Kwambiri
Thechoziziritsira cha chubuIli ndi bokosi la chubu, pepala la chubu, machubu osinthira kutentha, ndi chipolopolo. Kapangidwe kake kapakati ndikukhazikitsa malekezero onse awiri a machubu angapo osinthira kutentha (nthawi zambiri machubu achitsulo chosasunthika kapena machubu achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri) pa pepala la chubu kuti apange phukusi la chubu. Choziziritsira chomwe chili mu bokosi la chubu ndi malo ozizira (monga madzi kapena mpweya) mu chipolopolocho chimasinthira kutentha kudzera pakhoma la chubu. Cholumikizira cha chubu chili ndi mphamvu yayikulu yomangira, kukana kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri, ndipo kulumikizana pakati pa machubu osinthira kutentha ndi pepala la chubu kumagwiritsa ntchito njira zowotcherera kapena zokulitsa, ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino otsekera ndipo sichikhala ndi mavuto otayikira.
Ponena za kapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito, ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: chipolopolo ndi chubu (chozizira m'madzi) ndi chipolopolo ndi chubu chozizira mpweya.choziziritsira chubu cha pepala la chipolopolo ndi chubu, madzi ozizira amadutsa mu chipolopolocho, ndipo choziziritsira chimayenderera mkati mwa machubu osinthira kutentha, ndikusamutsa kutentha kupita ku madzi ozizira kudzera pakhoma la chubu. Chimatenthetsa kutentha kwambiri ndipo chimatha kupirira kuthamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale choyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoziziritsira zomwe zimakhala ndi kuthamanga kwambiri komanso katundu wambiri m'masitolo akuluakulu, monga malo osungira ozizira komanso makina oziziritsira pakati. Choziziritsira cha chubu choziziritsidwa ndi mpweya chimakhala ndi fani kunja kwa chipolopolocho, ndipo kutentha kumatengedwa kudzera mu mpweya. Sichifuna njira yoyendera madzi ndipo ndi chosavuta kuyiyika, koma mphamvu yake yoziritsira kutentha ndi yotsika pang'ono kuposa ya mtundu wa chipolopolo ndi chubu, yoyenera zochitika zomwe zimafunikira kuthamanga kwambiri koma malo ochepa.
Ndi mphamvu zake zapamwamba komanso magwiridwe antchito otseka, chotenthetsera cha chubu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu zida zazikulu zoziziritsira m'masitolo akuluakulu, monga malo osungira ozizira okwana matani zikwi khumi, malo oziziritsira pakati, ndi malo oziziritsira otsika kutentha osungira nyama ndi nsomba.
Pa nthawi yokonza, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana nthawi zonse ubwino wa madzi ozizira kuti mupewe kukula ndi zinyalala kuti zisalowe mkati mwa machubu osinthira kutentha. Njira zotsukira ndi mankhwala kapena njira zotsukira ndi makina zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa dothi mkati mwa machubu. Nthawi yomweyo, yang'anani ngati pali kutayikira kulikonse pakati pa pepala la chubu ndi machubu osinthira kutentha. Ngati kutayikira kwapezeka, konzani mwa kulumikiza kapena kusintha machubu osinthira kutentha nthawi yake. Pa ma condenser oziziritsidwa ndi chipolopolo ndi chubu, yeretsani fumbi lakunja kwa chipolopolocho nthawi zonse ndikuwona momwe fan imagwirira ntchito kuti muwonetsetse kuti kutentha kumatuluka bwino.
4. Zotulutsa Ma Tube-Sheet: Zigawo Zofunika Kwambiri Pamapeto pa Firiji
Mu zipangizo zambiri zoziziritsira, chubu-sheet evaporator ndiye gawo lomaliza lothandizira kuziziritsa ndi kuziziritsa. Ntchito yake ndi yosiyana ndi ya condenser. Imatenga kutentha kwambiri ndikutulutsa nthunzi yamadzi ozizira otentha komanso otsika mphamvu pambuyo pochepetsa mphamvu mkati mwa evaporator, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kwa malo ozungulira kuchepe, motero kuchepetsa kutentha kwa malo oziziritsira kapena oundana. Kapangidwe kake ndi kofanana ndi ka chubu-sheet condenser, komwe kali ndi chubu, machubu osinthira kutentha, ndi chipolopolo, koma malo ogwirira ntchito ndi komwe kutentha kumayenderana ndi komwe kutentha kumayenderana.
Ponena za kapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito, malinga ndi momwe firiji imayendera, imatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: mtundu wodzaza madzi ndi mtundu wouma. Mu chubu chodzaza madzi, chipolopolocho chimadzazidwa ndi madzi oziziritsa, ndipo machubu osinthira kutentha amamizidwa mumadzi, kusinthana kutentha ndi malo ozizira (monga mpweya, madzi) kudzera pakhoma la chubu. Ili ndi mphamvu yosinthira kutentha kwambiri ndipo ndi yoyenera kusungiramo zinthu zozizira m'sitolo yayikulu, zoziziritsira madzi, ndi zida zina. Muchotenthetsera chubu chouma, choziziritsira chimalowa mkati mwa machubu osinthira kutentha, ndipo choziziritsira chimalowa mkati mwa chipolopolocho. Chili ndi kapangidwe kosavuta ndipo n'chosavuta kusamalira, choyenera makabati ang'onoang'ono osungiramo firiji m'masitolo akuluakulu, makabati owonetsera ozizira, ndi zida zina.
Ponena za zipangizo, mkuwa kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Machubu osinthira kutentha a mkuwa ali ndi mphamvu yabwino yotenthetsera kutentha, ndipo machubu osinthira kutentha a chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ali ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi dzimbiri. Zipangizo zoyenera zitha kusankhidwa malinga ndi momwe zida zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Ponena za momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zosiyanasiyana zoziziritsira, monga makabati otseguka oziziritsira, mafiriji oyima, malo osungira ozizira ophatikizana, zoziziritsira madzi, ndi zina zotero.
Ponena za kukonza, yang'anani momwe evaporator imakhalira yozizira. Ngati chisanu chili chokhuthala kwambiri, chidzalepheretsa kusinthana kwa kutentha ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya firiji. Kusungunula kuyenera kuchitika munthawi yake (kusungunula kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi, kusungunula mpweya wotentha, ndi zina zotero zingagwiritsidwe ntchito).
Pa ma evaporator a chubu omwe adzaza madzi, yang'anirani kuchuluka kwa kuyitanitsa kwa refrigerant kuti mupewe kutsekeka kwa madzi a compressor komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyitanitsa kwambiri. Pa ma evaporator a chubu ouma, yang'anani ngati pali kutsekeka kulikonse m'machubu osinthira kutentha. Ngati kutsekeka kwapezeka, mpweya wothamanga kwambiri kapena mankhwala oyeretsera angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochotsa mpweya. Musaiwale kuyang'ana momwe evaporator imatsekerera kuti mupewe kutuluka kwa refrigerant kuti kusakhudze zotsatira za refrigerant.
Mu zida zosungiramo zoziziritsira m'masitolo akuluakulu, ma condenser ndi ma evaporator osiyanasiyana ali ndi mawonekedwe awoawo komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Ndikofunikira kusankha mitundu ndi makulidwe oyenera malinga ndi mtundu wa zida, kukula kwa malo, kuchuluka kwa firiji, ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito, ndikuchita ntchito yabwino yokonza tsiku ndi tsiku kuti zitsimikizire kuti zida zoziziritsira zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso mokhazikika, kupereka chitsimikizo chodalirika chosungira chakudya chatsopano, komanso nthawi yomweyo kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito.
Nthawi yolemba: Okutobala-11-2025 Mawonedwe: