Xa uthumela imiboniso efrijiweyo (okanye iimeko zokubonisa) ukusuka e-China ukuya kwiimarike zehlabathi, ukukhetha phakathi kwempahla yomoya nolwandle kuxhomekeke kwindleko, ixesha kunye nobukhulu bempahla. Ngo-2025, ngemigaqo emitsha yokusingqongileyo ye-IMO kunye namaxabiso anyukayo epetroli, ukuqonda amaxabiso amva nje kunye neenkcukacha zolungiselelo kubalulekile kumashishini. Esi sikhokelo sichitha iireyithi ze-2025, iindlela ezicacileyo, kunye neengcebiso zeengcali kwiindawo eziphambili.
Amaxabiso athile ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yehlabathi apha ngezantsi:
1. China ukuya eUnited States
(1) UThutho loMoya
Amaxabiso: $4.25–$5.39 ngekhilogram (100kg +). Ixesha eliphakamileyo (Nov–Dec) longeza i-$1–$2/kg ngenxa yokunqongophala komthamo.
Ixesha lokuhamba: Iintsuku ezi-3-5 (iinqwelomoya ezithe ngqo eShanghai/eLos Angeles).
Engcono Kwi: Imiyalelo engxamisekileyo (umzekelo, ukuvulwa kwendawo yokutyela) okanye iibhetshi ezincinci (≤5 iiyunithi).
(2) UThutho eLwandle (Izikhongozeli zokuLawula)
20ft Reefer: $2,000–$4,000 ukuya eLos Angeles; $3,000–$5,000 ukuya eNew York.
40ft High Cube Reefer: $3,000–$5,000 ukuya eLos Angeles; $4,000–$6,000 ukuya eNew York.
Izongezo: Umrhumo wokusebenza kwefriji ($1,500–$2,500/container) + Umrhumo wokungenisa wase-US (i-9% yekhowudi ye-HS 8418500000).
Ixesha lokuhamba: 18–25 iintsuku (West Coast); 25–35 iintsuku (East Coast).
Engcono Kwi: Ii-odolo ezininzi (iiyunithi ezili-10+) ezinexesha eliguquguqukayo.
2. China ukuya eYurophu
Uloyiko lomoya
Amaxabiso: $4.25–$4.59 ngekhilogram (100kg+). Iindlela zaseFrankfurt/Paris zizinzile kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuhamba: Iintsuku ze-4-7 (i-Guangzhou/Amsterdam iinqwelomoya ngqo).
Amanqaku: I-EU ETS (iNkqubo yokuRhweba ngokuKhutshwa) yongeza ~ € 5/ton kwintlawulo yekhabhoni.
Uthutho lwaseLwandle (Izikhongozeli zokuReefer)
I-20ft Reefer: $ 1,920–$ 3,500 ukuya eHamburg (kuMntla Yurophu); $3,500–$5,000 ukuya Barcelona (Meditera).
40ft High Cube Reefer: $3,200–$5,000 ukuya Hamburg; $5,000–$7,000 ukuya Barcelona.
Izongezo: Intlawulo ye-fuel sulfur ephantsi (LSS: $ 140 / isitya) ngenxa yemithetho ye-IMO 2025.
Ixesha lokuhamba: Iintsuku ze-28-35 (kuMntla Yurophu); Iintsuku ezingama-32–40 (iMeditera).
3. China ukuya eMzantsi-mpuma Asia
Uloyiko lomoya
Amaxabiso: $2–$3 ngekg (100kg+). Imizekelo: China→Vietnam ($2.1/kg); China→Thailand ($2.8/kg).
Ixesha lokuhamba: 1-3 iintsuku (iinqwelomoya zengingqi).
Uthutho lwaseLwandle (Izikhongozeli zokuReefer)
I-20ft Reefer: $ 800–$ 1,500 ukuya kwiSixeko saseHo Chi Minh (Vietnam); $1,200–$1,800 ukuya eBangkok (Thailand).
Ixesha lokuhamba: iintsuku ezi-5-10 (iindlela ezimfutshane).
4. China ukuya eAfrika
Uloyiko lomoya
Amaxabiso: $5–$7 ngekg (100kg+). Imizekelo: ETshayina→iNigeria ($6.5/kg); ETshayina→eMzantsi Afrika ($5.2/kg).
Imiceli mngeni: Ukuxinana kwezibuko laseLagos kwongeza i-$300–$500 kwimirhumo yokulibaziseka.
Uthutho lwaseLwandle (Izikhongozeli zokuReefer)
I-20ft Reefer: $ 3,500- $ 4,500 ukuya eLagos (eNigeria); $3,200–$4,000 ukuya eThekwini (eMzantsi Afrika).
Ixesha lokuhamba: 35-45 iintsuku.
Imiba ephambili echaphazela amaxabiso ka-2025
1.IiNdleko zeFuel
Ukunyuka kwe-10% kwi-jet fuel kwandisa imithwalo yomoya nge-5-8%; Amafutha aselwandle aneempembelelo kumazinga olwandle angaphantsi kodwa iinketho zesulfure ephantsi zibiza ama-30% ngaphezulu.
2. Ixesha lonyaka
Iincopho zomthwalo womoya ngexesha le-Q4 (uLwesihlanu omnyama, iKrisimesi); ukunyuka kwempahla elwandle phambi koNyaka oMtsha wamaTshayina (uJanuwari–Feb).
3.Imigaqo
I-EU CBAM (i-Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism) kunye neerhafu zensimbi zase-US (ukuya kwi-50%) zongeza i-5-10% kwiindleko zizonke.
4.IiNgcaciso zeCargo
Imiboniso efakwe efrijini ifuna inqanawa elawulwa ngamaqondo obushushu (0–10°C). Imingcipheko yokungathobeli i-$ 200 + / izohlwayo zeyure.
Iingcebiso zeNgcali zoGcino-ndleko
(1) Hlanganisa ukuhanjiswa:
Kwiiodolo ezincinci (iiyunithi ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5), sebenzisa i-LCL (Ngaphantsi koMthwalo weSikhongozelo) imithwalo yolwandle ukucutha iindleko ngama-30%.
(2) Lungiselela ukuPakisha
Ukuqhawula iingcango zeglasi / iifreyimu zokunciphisa umthamo-konga i-15-20% kwimpahla yomoya (ihlawuliswa ubunzima bomthamo: ubude× ububanzi× ubude / 6000).
(3) Umthamo weNcwadi yangaphambili
Gcina iindawo zokubeka ulwandle/zomoya iiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 kwangaphambili ngamaxesha onyaka ancono kakhulu ukunqanda amaxabiso epremiyamu.
(4) I-inshurensi
Yongeza "imeko yokutshintsha kobushushu" (0.2% yexabiso lomthwalo) ukukhusela ekonakalisweni okanye ekonakalisweni kwezixhobo.
I-FAQ: Ukuthunyelwa kweMiboniso yeFriji evela eTshayina
Umbuzo: Ngawaphi amaxwebhu afunekayo kumasiko?
A: I-invoyisi yezoRhwebo, uluhlu lokupakisha, isatifikethi se-CE / UL (ye-EU / US), kunye nelogi yeqondo lokushisa (elifunekayo kwi-reefers).
Umbuzo: Indlela yokuphatha iimpahla ezonakalisiweyo?
A: Hlola imithwalo kwiindawo zokukhupha kwaye ufake ibango kwiintsuku ze-3 (umoya) okanye iintsuku ezi-7 (ulwandle) kunye neefoto zomonakalo.
Umbuzo: Ngaba uthutho lukaloliwe lukhetho lwaseYurophu?
A: Ewe-China→I-Europe kaloliwe ithatha iintsuku eziyi-18-22, kunye namazinga ~30% asezantsi kunomoya kodwa ama-50% aphezulu kunolwandle.
Ngo-2025, imithwalo yaselwandle ihleli iyeyona ineendleko eziphezulu kwiimpahla zokubonisa ezifakwe efrijini (ukonga i-60%+ ngokuchasene nomoya), ngelixa imithwalo yomoya ifanele ukungxamiseka, ii-odolo ezincinci. Sebenzisa esi sikhokelo ukuthelekisa iindlela, ifactor kwintlawulo eyongezelelweyo, kwaye ucwangcise kwangaphambili ukunqanda ukulibaziseka kwexesha eliphakamileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-05-2025 Iimbono: