Xa kuthunyelwa imiboniso efrijini (okanye iibhokisi zokubonisa) ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kwiimarike zehlabathi, ukukhetha phakathi kokuthunyelwa komoya nolwandle kuxhomekeke kwixabiso, ixesha, kunye nobungakanani bempahla. Ngowama-2025, ngemithetho emitsha yokusingqongileyo ye-IMO kunye namaxabiso epetroli atshintshatshintshayo, ukuqonda amaxabiso amva nje kunye neenkcukacha zezothutho kubalulekile kumashishini. Esi sikhokelo sichaza amaxabiso ka-2025, iinkcukacha zendlela, kunye neengcebiso zeengcali zeendawo eziphambili.
Amaxabiso athile ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi apha ngezantsi:
1. ITshayina ukuya eMelika
(1) Uthutho lomoya
Amaxabiso: $4.25–$5.39 ngekhilogram (100kg+). Ixesha eliphakamileyo (Novemba–Disemba) longeza i-$1–$2/kg ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamandla.
Ixesha lokuThutha: Iintsuku ezi-3–5 (iinqwelomoya ezithe ngqo zaseShanghai/Los Angeles).
Eyona ilungileyoIiodolo ezingxamisekileyo (umz., iindawo zokutyela ezivulekileyo) okanye iibhetshi ezincinci (≤5 iiyunithi).
(2) Ukuthunyelwa Kweenqanawa Elwandle (Iikhonteyina ZeeReefer)
I-Reefer engama-20ft: $2,000–$4,000 ukuya eLos Angeles; $3,000–$5,000 ukuya eNew York.
I-40ft High Cube Reefer: $3,000–$5,000 ukuya eLos Angeles; $4,000–$6,000 ukuya eNew York.
Izongezo: Umrhumo wokusebenza efrijini ($1,500–$2,500/kwisikhongozeli) + umrhumo wokungenisa impahla e-US (9% kwikhowudi ye-HS 8418500000).
Ixesha lokuThutha: Iintsuku ezili-18–25 (uNxweme oluseNtshona); Iintsuku ezingama-25–35 (uNxweme oluseMpuma).
Eyona ilungileyo: Iiodolo ezininzi (iiyunithi ezili-10 nangaphezulu) kunye namaxesha aguquguqukayo.
2. ITshayina ukuya eYurophu
Uloyiko lomoya
Amaxabiso: $4.25–$4.59 ngekhilogram (100kg+). Iindlela zaseFrankfurt/Paris zizinzile kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuHamba: Iintsuku ezi-4–7 (iinqwelomoya ezithe ngqo eGuangzhou/Amsterdam).
Amanqaku: I-EU ETS (iNkqubo yokuRhweba ngeMikhuhlane ekhutshwayo) yongeza i-~€5/ton kwintlawulo eyongezelelweyo yekhabhoni.
Ukuthunyelwa Kwempahla Elwandle (Iikhonteyina ZeeReefer)
I-20ft Reefer: $1,920–$3,500 ukuya eHamburg (eMantla Yurophu); $3,500–$5,000 ukuya eBarcelona (eMeditera).
I-40ft High Cube Reefer: $3,200–$5,000 ukuya eHamburg; $5,000–$7,000 ukuya eBarcelona.
Izongezo: Intlawulo eyongezelelweyo yamafutha anesalfure ephantsi (i-LSS: $140/kwisikhongozeli) ngenxa yemithetho ye-IMO 2025.
Ixesha lokuHamba: Iintsuku ezingama-28–35 (eMantla Yurophu); Iintsuku ezingama-32–40 (eMeditera).
3. ITshayina ukuya kuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia
Uloyiko lomoya
Amaxabiso: $2–$3 nge kg (100kg+). Imizekelo: iTshayina→iVietnam ($2.1/kg); iTshayina→iThailand ($2.8/kg).
Ixesha lokuHamba: Iintsuku ezi-1–3 (iinqwelomoya zengingqi).
Ukuthunyelwa Kwempahla Elwandle (Iikhonteyina ZeeReefer)
I-20ft Reefer: $ 800–$ 1,500 ukuya kwisixeko saseHo Chi Minh (Vietnam); $1,200–$1,800 ukuya Bangkok (Thailand).
Ixesha lokuHamba: Iintsuku ezi-5–10 (iindlela ezimfutshane).
4. Ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eAfrika
Uloyiko lomoya
Amaxabiso: $5–$7 nge kg (100kg+). Imizekelo: iTshayina→iNigeria ($6.5/kg); iTshayina→uMzantsi Afrika ($5.2/kg).
Imingeni: Ukuxinana kweenqanawa eLagos kongeza imali yokulibaziseka eyi-$300–$500.
Ukuthunyelwa Kwempahla Elwandle (Iikhonteyina ZeeReefer)
I-20ft Reefer: $3,500–$4,500 ukuya eLagos (eNigeria); $3,200–$4,000 ukuya eDurban (eMzantsi Afrika).
Ixesha lokuHamba: Iintsuku ezingama-35–45.
Izinto Eziphambili Ezichaphazela Amaxabiso Ka-2025
1. Iindleko zepetroli
Ukunyuka kwe-10% yepetroli yejethi kwandisa ukuhanjiswa kweenqwelo moya nge-5–8%; ipetroli yaselwandle ichaphazela amazinga olwandle aphantsi kodwa ukhetho lwe-sulfur ephantsi lubiza ngaphezulu nge-30%.
2. Ixesha lonyaka
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngenqwelomoya kufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu ngexesha lekota yesi-4 (uLwesihlanu oluMnyama, iKrisimesi); ukuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle kuyanda ngaphambi koNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina (ngoJanuwari ukuya kuFebruwari).
3. Imigaqo
I-EU CBAM (iCarbon Border Adjustment Mechanism) kunye neerhafu zentsimbi zase-US (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50%) zongeza i-5–10% kwiindleko zizonke.
4. Iinkcukacha zeCargo
Iimboniso ezifakwe efrijini zifuna ukuthunyelwa okulawulwa bubushushu (0–10°C). Ukungathobeli imithetho kunokubangela isohlwayo se-$200+/ngeyure.
Iingcebiso zeengcali zokonga iindleko
(1) Hlanganisa ukuthunyelwa:
Kwiiodolo ezincinci (iiyunithi ezi-2–5), sebenzisa imithwalo yolwandle ye-LCL (engaphantsi komthwalo weContainer) ukunciphisa iindleko ngama-30%.
(2) Lungiselela ukuPakisha
Nqamla iingcango/ifreyimu zeglasi ukuze unciphise ivolumu—konga i-15–20% kwimithwalo yomoya (ihlawuliswa ngokobunzima bevolumu: ubude × ububanzi × ukuphakama / 6000).
（3）Umthamo Wokubhala Ngaphambi Kokubhukisha
Gcina izithuba zolwandle/zomoya iiveki ezi-4-6 kwangaphambili ngexesha lexesha lonyaka elixakekileyo ukuze uphephe amaxabiso aphezulu.
(4) I-inshurensi
Yongeza "umgangatho wokuguquka kobushushu" (0.2% yexabiso lomthwalo) ukukhusela ekonakaleni okanye ekonakaleni kwezixhobo.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo: Ukuthunyelwa KweeShowcases Ezisefrijini Ezivela eTshayina
Q: Ngawaphi amaxwebhu afunekayo kwimpahla yerhafu?
A: I-invoyisi yezorhwebo, uluhlu lokupakisha, isiqinisekiso se-CE/UL (se-EU/US), kunye nerekhodi yobushushu (efunekayo kwi-reefers).
Q: Ungazisingatha njani iimpahla ezonakeleyo?
A: Hlola imithwalo kwiindawo zokukhupha impahla uze ufake ibango zingadlulanga iintsuku ezi-3 (zomoya) okanye iintsuku ezi-7 (zolwandle) kunye nemifanekiso yomonakalo.
Q: Ngaba ukuthuthwa kwemithwalo ngololiwe kuyindlela ekhethwayo eYurophu?
A: Ewe—iTshayina→iYurophu ithatha iintsuku ezili-18–22, kwaye amazinga ohambo angaphantsi kwama-30% kunomoya kodwa angaphezulu ngama-50% kunolwandle.
Ngowama-2025, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle kuhlala kubiza kakhulu kwiimpahla eziboniswayo ezifakwe efrijini (konga i-60%+ xa kuthelekiswa nomoya), ngelixa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla emoyeni kuhambelana nee-odolo ezingxamisekileyo nezincinci. Sebenzisa esi sikhokelo ukuthelekisa iindlela, uqwalasele iindleko ezongezelelweyo, kwaye ucwangcise kwangaphambili ukuze uphephe ukulibaziseka ngexesha lexesha elinzima.
Ixesha lokuposa: Agasti-05-2025 Imbono: