Iifriji kunye neefriji, njengezixhobo zokugcina ubushushu obuphantsi bokusetyenziswa kwekhaya kunye nezorhwebo, zibone ukuphindaphinda ngokuqhubekayo ekukhethweni kwefriji egxile "ukuguquguquka kokusebenza kakuhle kwefriji" kunye "neemfuno zokulawula indalo". Iindidi eziphambili kunye neempawu kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zihambelana kakhulu neemfuno zezixhobo.
Isiqhelo sakwangoko: Ukusetyenziswa kweefriji zeCFCs “ezinokusebenza okuphezulu kodwa zinomonakalo omkhulu”
Ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1950 ukuya koo-1990, i-R12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) yayiyeyona friji iqhelekileyo. Ngokumalunga nokuguquguquka kwezixhobo, iipropathi ze-thermodynamic ze-R12 zihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo neemfuno zokugcina ubushushu obuphantsi - kunye neqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo lokunyuka kwe- -29.8 ° C, likwazi ukuhlangabezana lula neemfuno zeqondo lokushisa kwifriji yokugcina amagumbi okugcina amatsha (0-8 ° C) kunye namagumbi okukhenkcela (ngaphantsi kwe -18 ° C). Ngaphezu koko, yayinozinzo olomeleleyo lweekhemikhali kunye nokuhambelana okugqwesileyo kunye nemibhobho yobhedu, amaqokobhe entsimbi, kunye neoyile yokuthambisa izimbiwa ngaphakathi kweefriji, kunqabile ukuba kubangele ukubola okanye ukuvaleka kwemibhobho, kwaye inokuqinisekisa ubomi benkonzo yesixhobo ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-10.
I-R12 inexabiso le-ODP elingu-1.0 (umlinganiselo wesakhono sokuphelisa i-ozone) kunye nexabiso le-GWP elimalunga nama-8500, nto leyo eyenza ibe yigesi eyomeleleyo ye-greenhouse. Ngokuqalisa ukusebenza kweSivumelwano saseMontreal, ukusetyenziswa kwe-R12 kwihlabathi jikelele kwizikhenkcisi ezisanda kuveliswa kuye kwathintelwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukususela ngo-1996. Ngoku, zizixhobo ezidala kuphela ezisenazo iifriji ezishiyekileyo, kwaye zijongene nengxaki yokungabi nandlela yimbi yomthombo ngexesha lokugcinwa kwazo.
Inqanaba lotshintsho: Imida "yokutshintshwa ngokuyinxenye" ngeefriji zeHCFCs
Ukuvala inqanaba lokuphuma kwe-R12, i-R22 (i-difluoromonochloromethane) yayikhe yasetyenziswa ngokufutshane kwezinye izikhenkcisi zorhwebo (ezifana nezikhenkcisi ezincinci zeevenkile eziluncedo). Inzuzo yayo ikukuba ukusebenza kwayo kwe-thermodynamic kusondele kuleyo ye-R12, ngaphandle kwemfuneko yohlengahlengiso olubalulekileyo kwicompressor yesikhenkcisi kunye noyilo lwemibhobho, kwaye ixabiso layo le-ODP liyancitshiswa laya kutsho kwi-0.05, lisenza buthathaka kakhulu amandla ayo okuphelisa i-ozone.
Nangona kunjalo, iintsilelo ze-R22 nazo zicacile: kwelinye icala, ixabiso layo le-GWP limalunga ne-1810, iseyeyegesi ephezulu ye-greenhouse, engahambelani nomkhwa wokukhusela okusingqongileyo wexesha elide; kwelinye icala, ukusebenza kakuhle kwefriji (i-COP) ye-R22 ingaphantsi kune-R12, okuya kukhokelela ekwandeni kokusetyenziswa kwamandla malunga ne-10% -15% xa isetyenziswe kwiifriji zasekhaya, ngoko ayizange ibe yinto eqhelekileyo kwiifriji zasekhaya. Ngokukhutshwa okukhawulezileyo kwehlabathi jikelele kweefriji zeHCFCs ngo-2020, i-R22 iye yarhoxa ekufakweni kwesicelo kwicandelo leefriji kunye nezikhenkcisi.
I. Iifriji zangoku eziphambili: Ulungelelwaniso lwemeko ethile yee-HFCs kunye neentlobo ze-GWP eziphantsi
Okwangoku, ukukhethwa kwefriji kwiifriji kwiimarike kubonisa iimpawu "zokwahlukana phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwendlu kunye nezorhwebo, kunye nokulinganisela phakathi kokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye neendleko", ngokukodwa kwahlulahlulwe kwiintlobo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo, ukulungelelanisa iimfuno zokusebenza kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo:
1.Izikhenkcisi ezincinci: “Ulawulo oluzinzileyo” lweefriji
I-R134a (i-tetrafluoroethane) yeyona friji ixhaphakileyo kwiifriji zangoku (ingakumbi iimodeli ezinomthamo ongaphantsi kwe-200L), ibalwa ngaphezu kwe-70%. Iinzuzo zayo eziphambili zokulungelelanisa zibonakaliswa kwiinkalo ezintathu: okokuqala, ihlangabezana nemigangatho yokukhusela okusingqongileyo, kunye nexabiso le-ODP ye-0, ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo umngcipheko wokulimala kwe-ozone kunye nokuthobela iimfuno ezisisiseko zemimiselo yokusingqongileyo yehlabathi; okwesibini, ukusebenza kwayo kwe-thermodynamic ifanelekile, kunye neqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo lokunyuka kwe -26.1 ° C, kunye ne-compressor ephezulu yefriji, inokufikelela ngokuzinzileyo ubushushu bendawo yokukhenkceza ukusuka kwi -18 ° C ukuya -25 ° C, kunye nokusebenza kwayo kwefriji (COP) yi-8% -12% ephezulu kunokusebenzisa amandla, ukunciphisa amandla e-R22; okwesithathu, inokhuseleko oluthembekileyo, oluye lwefriji yeklasi ye-A1 (engenatyhefu kwaye ayinakutsha), nokuba kukho ukuvuza okuncinci, akuyi kubangela iingozi zokhuseleko kwimeko yentsapho, kwaye ihambelana kakuhle kunye neengxenye zeplastiki kunye ne-compressor yokuthambisa ioli ngaphakathi kwefriji, enezinga eliphantsi lokungaphumeleli.
Ukongeza, ezinye izikhenkcezisi zasekhaya eziphakathi ukuya kweziphezulu ziya kusebenzisa i-R600a (isobutane, i-hydrocarbon) - ifriji yendalo, enexabiso le-ODP ye-0 kunye nexabiso le-GWP le-3 kuphela, kunye nokusebenza okungcono kakhulu kokusingqongileyo kune-R134a, kunye nokusebenza kwayo kwefriji yi-5% -10% ephezulu kunokwe-R134a yokunciphisa amandla. Nangona kunjalo, i-R600a yeyezikhenkcisi zodidi lwe-A3 (ezinokutsha kakhulu), kwaye xa umthamo wayo emoyeni ufikelela kwi-1.8% -8.4%, iya kudubula xa ibekwe kwidangatye elivulekileyo. Ke ngoko, kunqunyelwe kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwiifriji zasekhaya (ixabiso lentlawulo lilinganiselwe ngokungqongqo kwi-50g-150g, liphantsi kakhulu kunelo zixhobo zorhwebo), kwaye ifriji kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokunqanda ukuvuza (ezifana nezinzwa zoxinzelelo) kunye ne-compress-proof compressors, eneendleko ze-15% -20% eziphezulu kunezo ze-R13 azizange zidume ngokupheleleyo.
2.Izikhenkcisi zorhwebo / iifriji ezinkulu: “Ukungena kancinci kancinci” kweefriji ezineGWP eziphantsi
Izikhenkcisi zorhwebo (ezifana nezikhenkcezisi zeziqithi zesuphamakethi) zineemfuno eziphezulu “zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo” kunye “nokusebenza kakuhle kwezikhenkcezisi” zeefriji ngenxa yomthamo wazo omkhulu (ngokuqhelekileyo ungaphezulu kwe-500L) kunye nomthwalo omkhulu wefriji. Okwangoku, ukhetho oluqhelekileyo lwahlulwe ngamacandelo amabini:
(1) Imixube yee-HFCs: “Ukulungiswa komthwalo ophakamileyo” we-R404A
I-R404A (umxube we-pentafluoroethane, i-difluoromethane, kunye ne-tetrafluoroethane) yeyona friji iqhelekileyo yokuthengisa izikhenkcisi ezinobushushu obuphantsi (ezifana no -40°C kwizikhenkcezisi ezikhawulezayo), ezibalelwa kuma-60%. Inzuzo yayo kukuba ukusebenza kwayo kwefriji phantsi kweemeko eziphantsi kweqondo lokushisa libalaseleyo - kwiqondo lokushisa lokunyuka kwe -40 ° C, umthamo wefriji ngu-25% -30% ngaphezu kwe-R134a, enokukhawuleza ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokugcina ubushushu obuphantsi beefriji; kwaye iyeyeklasi A1 refrigerants (non-ityhefu kwaye non-ukutsha), kunye isixa intlawulo ukuya kwiikhilogram eziliqela (edlula kude le iifriji zasekhaya), ngaphandle kokukhathazeka malunga imingcipheko ukutsha, ukuziqhelanisa nomthwalo ophezulu ukusebenza izikhenkcezisi ezinkulu.
Nangona kunjalo, iziphene zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo ze-R404A ziye zavela ngokuthe ngcembe. Ixabiso layo le-GWP liphezulu njenge-3922, leyeegesi eziphezulu ze-greenhouse. Okwangoku, i-European Union kunye neminye imimandla ikhuphe imimiselo yokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo (njengokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweefriji nge-GWP> 2500 kwiifriji zentengiso ezisanda kuveliswa emva kwe-2022). Ngoko ke, i-R404A ngokuthe ngcembe ithatyathelwa indawo zizikhenkcisi ezine-GWP ephantsi.
(2) Iintlobo ze-GWP ephantsi: “Ezinye iindlela zokusingqongileyo” zama-R290 kunye neCO₂
Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yemithetho eqinisiweyo yokusingqongileyo, i-R290 (propane) kunye ne-CO₂ (R744) iye yaba lukhetho oluvelayo lwezikhenkcisi zorhwebo, eziqhelana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo:
I-R290 (propane): Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizikhenkcisi ezincinci zorhwebo (ezifana nezikhenkcisi ezilula ezithe tyaba kwivenkile). Ixabiso layo le-ODP li-0, ixabiso le-GWP limalunga ne-3, kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo okunamandla kakhulu; kunye nokusebenza kwayo kwefriji yi-10% -15% ephezulu kune-R404A, enokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okusebenza kwezikhenkcisi zorhwebo (izixhobo zorhwebo zisebenza ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-20 ngosuku, kwaye iindleko zokusetyenziswa kwamandla zithatha umlinganiselo ophezulu). Nangona kunjalo, i-R290 yeyezikhenkcisi zodidi A3 (ezinokutsha kakhulu), kwaye imali yentlawulo kufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo kwi-200g (ngoko ilinganiselwe kuphela kwizikhenkcisi ezincinci). Ukongeza, isikhenkcezisi kufuneka samkele izicinezeli ezikwaziyo ukuqhuma, imibhobho enqanda ukuvuza (efana nemibhobho yealloyi yenickel yobhedu) kunye nokuyilwa kokuphuma komoya kunye nokuphelisa ubushushu. Okwangoku, ubungakanani bayo kwizikhenkcisi zase-Europe eziluncedo zigqithise kuma-30%.
CO₂ (R744): Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizikhenkcisi ezinobushushu obuphantsi kakhulu (ezifana ne -60°C zebhayoloji zesikhenkcisi). Iqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo lokunyuka kwe-evaporation yi-78.5 ° C, engakwazi ukufikelela kwi-ultra-low-low-loating storage ngaphandle kwenkqubo yefriji ye-cascade eyinkimbinkimbi; kwaye inexabiso le-ODP elingu-0 kunye nexabiso le-GWP elingu-1, nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo olungenakuphinda lubuyiselwe, kwaye ayinabungozi kwaye ayinakutsha, nokhuseleko olungcono kune-R290. Nangona kunjalo, i-CO₂ ineqondo lokushisa eliphantsi eliphantsi (31.1 ° C). Xa iqondo lobushushu le-ambient lidlula i-25°C, kufuneka iteknoloji “yomjikelo we-transcritical”, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni uxinzelelo lwe-compressor yesikhenkcisi luphakame kangange-10-12MPa, lufuna ukusetyenziswa kwemibhobho yentsimbi engenastainless yamandla aphezulu kunye necompressor-high-resistant compressors, eneendleko ezingama-30%-40% ngaphezulu kwaleyo ye-R404A freezers. Ke ngoko, ngoku isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiimeko ezineemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye namaqondo obushushu aphantsi (afana nezikhenkcisi zonyango kunye nophando lwenzululwazi).
II. Iindlela zexesha elizayo zeefriji: I-GWP ephantsi kunye nokhuseleko oluphezulu lube yimikhombandlela engundoqo
Idityaniswe nemithetho yokusingqongileyo yehlabathi (efana ne-EU F-Gas Regulation, isicwangciso sokuphunyezwa kweProtocol yase-Montreal yaseChina) kunye nokuphuculwa kweteknoloji yezixhobo, iifriji zefriji kunye neefriji ziya kubonisa iindlela ezintathu eziphambili kwixesha elizayo:
Iifriji zasekhaya: I-R600a ngokuthe ngcembe ithatha indawo ye-R134a - ngokuvuthwa kobuchwephesha bokuchasana nokuvuza kunye nobungqina bokudubula (njengeentambo ezintsha zokutywina, izixhobo ezizenzekelayo ezivuzayo ezisikiweyo), ixabiso le-R600a liya kuhla kancinci (kulindeleke ukuba ixabiso liya kuhla nge-30% kwiminyaka emi-5 ezayo), kunye nokhuseleko oluphezulu lokusingqongileyo luya kubalaselisa ukhuseleko oluphezulu lokusingqongileyo. Kulindeleke ukuba umlinganiselo we-R600a kwizikhenkcisi zasemakhaya ugqithe kuma-50% ngo-2030, endaweni ye-R134a njengeyona nto isetyenziswayo.
Izikhenkcisi zorhwebo: "Uphuhliso lweendlela ezimbini" ze-CO₂ kunye ne-HFOs imixube - kwiifriji zentengiso ze-ultra-low-low-temperature (ngaphantsi -40 ° C), ukuvuthwa kobugcisa be-CO₂ kuya kuqhubeka nokuphucula (njenge-high-effective high-efficiency transcritical cycle compressors), kwaye iindleko ziya kuncipha ngokuthe ngcembe, kunye nomlinganiselo olindeleke ukuba udlule i-420% nge-202%; kubakhenkcezisi bobushushu obuphakathi (-25 ° C ukuya -18 ° C), i-R454C (umxube we-HFOs kunye ne-HFCs, i-GWP≈466) iya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo, kunye nokusebenza kwefriji kufuphi ne-R404A, kunye ne-refrigerants yeklasi ye-A2L (ityhefu ephantsi kunye nokutsha okuphantsi kokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nezithintelo ezicacileyo zokukhusela okusingqongileyo, kunye nokulinganisela kokuvutha okuncinci.
Imigangatho yokhuseleko ephuculweyo: Ukusuka "kukhuseleko olusisigxina" ukuya "ekugadweni okusebenzayo" - kungakhathaliseki ukuba zeziphi izixhobo zasekhaya okanye zorhwebo, iinkqubo zefriji zexesha elizayo ziya kuxhotyiswa ngokubanzi kunye "nokuhlola okuvuzayo okuhlakaniphile + unyango oluphuthumayo oluzenzekelayo" imisebenzi (njengezinzwa zokuvuza kwe-laser kwiifriji zasekhaya, i-alamu yoxinaniso kunye nezixhobo zokunxibelelana komoya kwiifriji zorhwebo), ngakumbi kwiifriji ezinokutsha ezikhuselekileyo, ezifana nee-R2600 ezinobungozi obunokutsha, ezifana nee-R2600 ezinobungozi obunokutsha, ezifana nee-R2600 ezinobungozi obunokutsha, njenge-R2600. kunye nokukhuthaza ukuthandwa ngokubanzi kweefriji ze-GWP eziphantsi.
III. Ukubaluleka kongqamaniso lwemeko
Kwiimfuno zabasebenzisi abahlukeneyo, le migaqo ilandelayo inokulandelwa xa ukhetha iifriji zefriji:
Abasebenzisi basekhaya: Okuphambili kunikwa imifuziselo ye-R600a (ukulinganisa ukhuseleko lwendalo esingqongileyo kunye nokonga amandla) - ukuba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luvumela (i-200-500 ye-yuan ngaphezulu kweemodeli ze-R134a), indawo yokuqala kufuneka inikwe iifriji ezibhalwe "i-R600a yefriji yefriji". Amandla abo ombane angaphantsi nge-8% -12% kunohlobo lweemodeli ze-R134a, kwaye ahambelana nokusingqongileyo; emva kokuthenga, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ukuphepha umva wefriji (apho i-compressor ikhona) isondele kumadangatye avulekileyo, kwaye uhlolisise rhoqo ukuqina kwamatywina omnyango ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvuza.
Abasebenzisi boRhwebo:Khetha ngokweemfuno zamaqondo obushushu (ukulinganisa iindleko kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo) - izikhenkcisi ezinobushushu obuphakathi (ezifana nezikhenkcisi ezikwivenkile ekwivenkile eluncedo) zingakhetha iimodeli ezingama-R290, ezineendleko eziphantsi zokusetyenziswa kwamandla okusebenza ixesha elide; kwiifriji ze-ultra-low-low-freezers (ezifana nezixhobo zokukhenkceza ngokukhawuleza), ukuba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwanele, imodeli ye-CO₂ ikhethwayo, ehambelana nomkhwa wemimiselo yokusingqongileyo kwaye igweme umngcipheko wokuphuma kwithuba elizayo; ukuba uvakalelo lweendleko zexesha elifutshane luyinkxalabo, iimodeli ze-R454C zinokukhethwa njengenguqu, ukulungelelanisa ukusebenza kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo.
Ukugcinwa kunye nokutshintshwa: Tshatisa ngokungqongqo uhlobo lwefriji yokuqala - xa ugcina izikhenkcezisi ezindala kunye nezikhenkcezisi, musa ukukhetha indawo yesikhenkcezisi ngokungqongqo (njengokutshintsha i-R134a nge-R600a), kuba iifriji ezahlukeneyo zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zecompressor yokuthambisa ioyile kunye noxinzelelo lwemibhobho. Ukusetyenziswa okuxutyiweyo kuya kubangela umonakalo wecompressor okanye ukusilela kwefriji. Kuyimfuneko ukuba uqhagamshelane neengcali ukongeza iifriji ngokohlobo oluphawulwe kwi-nameplate yesixhobo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-29-2025 Views: