Abo bakwishishini lokuthumela ngaphandle iikhabhathi zeziselo ezinomnyango omnye kwi-EU bayaqonda ukuba isiqinisekiso se-CE "yipasipoti" yeemveliso ukuze zingene ngokusemthethweni kwimarike ye-EU. Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abafaka izicelo okokuqala badla ngokujongana nokulibaziseka kwesatifikethi okanye nokulahlekelwa zii-odolo ngenxa yamaxwebhu angaphelelanga okanye angathobeliyo. Enyanisweni, ngokulandela indlela echanekileyo nokulungiselela izixhobo ngokweluhlu lokuhlola, inkqubo yesatifikethi ingaqhubeka kakuhle.
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba iikhabhathi zeziselo ezinomnyango omnye ziwela phantsi kwezixhobo zefriji. Isiqinisekiso se-CE sifuna ukuthotyelwa kwemiyalelo emithathu ephambili: iLow Voltage Directive (LVD), iElectromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EMC), kunye neEnergy Efficiency Directive (ERP). Iimveliso ezibandakanya iifriji kufuneka nazo zihlangabezane neemfuno zoMgaqo we-FGas. Onke amaxwebhu kufuneka alungiselelwe malunga nokuthotyelwa kwale miyalelo—akukho zikhetho.
I. Amaxwebhu Abalulekileyo: Iifayile Ezisisiseko Zibalulekile, Akukho Nanye Enokushiywa
Olu xwebhu lusisiseko sesiqinisekiso se-CE. Nokuba ukhetha ukuzibhengeza okanye ukuqinisekiswa yiQumrhu eliZazisiweyo, zonke izixhobo kufuneka zinikezelwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ziqinisekiswe njengeziyinyani nezisebenzayo.
1. IiMfanelo zeNkampani kunye namaxwebhu olwazi lweQumrhu
La maxwebhu aqinisekisa ngokuyintloko imeko yeshishini lenkampani esemthethweni kunye nobunini bemveliso ukuthintela iingxabano zepropathi yobukrelekrele. Aquka ngokukodwa:
Ikopi yelayisenisi yeshishini lenkampani (efakwe isitampu sophawu olusemthethweni lwenkampani), eqinisekisa umda weshishini ibandakanya ukuveliswa okanye ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo zokukhenkcisa;
Isatifikethi sobhaliso lwentengiso (ukuba siyasebenza), esichaza ngokucacileyo ubunini bemveliso ukuze kuthintelwe iingozi ezilandelayo zokwaphulwa komthetho;
Ulwazi loMmeli oGunyazisiweyo we-EU (oluyimfuneko kwiinkampani ezingezizo ze-EU), kubandakanya igama lommeli, idilesi, iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano, kunye nesivumelwano sogunyaziso. Oku kusebenza njengobungqina obubalulekileyo kubalawuli be-EU ukuze balandele uxanduva;
Ifomu yesicelo seSatifikethi se-CE, efuna ukugcwaliswa ngokuchanekileyo kweenkcukacha eziphambili ezifana negama lemveliso, imodeli, iinkcukacha, imiyalelo efanelekileyo, kunye nemigangatho.
2. Amaxwebhu oBugcisa (i-TCF): Undoqo weSatifikethi
Amaxwebhu obuchwephesha asebenza njengobungqina obuphambili obubonisa ukuthobela imveliso ngokwemigangatho ye-EU. Kufuneka igcinwe ubuncinane iminyaka eli-10 ukuze ihlolwe, njengoko amagunya olawulo e-EU angenza uhlolo oluchanekileyo nangaliphi na ixesha. Amaxwebhu obuchwephesha eekhabhathi zeziselo ezinomnyango omnye kufuneka aquke oku kulandelayo:
Inkcazo eneenkcukacha zemveliso: Ibandakanya igama lemveliso, imodeli, imisebenzi, indlela ekucetywayo ukusetyenziswa ngayo, indawo yokusebenza (umz., uluhlu lobushushu kunye nomswakama olusebenzayo), kwaye yahlula ngokucacileyo umahluko wemodeli kuluhlu lwemveliso (ukuba iyasebenza);
Uyilo kunye neMizobo yoLwakhiwo: Gquma imizobo yesakhiwo soomatshini, imizobo yombane, uyilo lwephaneli yokulawula, iitshathi zenkqubo yokukhenkceza, njl. Imizobo kufuneka isebenzise iisimboli ezisemgangathweni zaseYurophu, ichaze ngokucacileyo ubungakanani, amanani eenxalenye, kunye nobudlelwane bonxibelelwano. Ukuba imizobo yabelwana ngayo kwiimodeli ezininzi, oku kufuneka kuchazwe ngokucacileyo;
Ibhili yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo (i-BOM): Dwelisa zonke izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ngegama, imodeli, iinkcukacha, kunye nolwazi lomthengisi. Ingakumbi kwizinto ezifunekayo zombane (umz., iziphuli-zijikelezo, ii-contactors, ii-motors, ii-compressors) kunye nezinto ezifakwa kwifriji, faka amanani esatifikethi sokuthobela imithetho ahambelanayo;
Ingxelo yoVavanyo loMngcipheko: Chonga iingozi ezinokubakho ngexesha loyilo nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso (umz., ukutshayiswa ngumbane, umlilo, ukubanjwa koomatshini, ukuvuza kwefriji) ngokusekelwe kwi-EN ISO 12100, ichaza amanyathelo okulawula umngcipheko asetyenzisiweyo kunye neziphumo zokuqinisekisa;
Amaxwebhu eNkqubo yeMveliso: Faka iinkcazo zokuhamba kwemveliso, iindawo ezibalulekileyo zolawulo lwenkqubo, kunye nemigangatho yokulawula umgangatho ukubonisa iindlela zokuvelisa ezisemgangathweni.
3. Iingxelo zoVavanyo lweMveliso: Ubungqina obuqinileyo bokuthobela imithetho
Iingxelo zovavanyo mazikhutshwe ziilabhoratri ezivunyiweyo yi-EU (umz., i-TÜV, i-SGS) okanye iiNotified Bodies, kwaye izinto zovavanyo zihambelana ngqo nemiyalelo efanelekileyo kunye nemigangatho ehambelanayo. Iikhabhathi zeziselo ezinomnyango omnye kufuneka zigqibezele ezi vavanyo zilandelayo ziphambili kwaye zibonelele ngeengxelo:
Ingxelo yoVavanyo loKhuseleko lweVoliti ephantsi yeLVD: Isekelwe kwi-EN 60335-1 (Ukhuseleko oluQhelekileyo lweZixhobo zasekhaya) kunye ne-EN 60335-2-24 (Iimfuno ezithile zeZixhobo zokuFrijisa). Izinto zovavanyo ziquka uvavanyo lokumelana nobushushu (1500V/1 umzuzu ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka), uvavanyo lwamandla okuvuza (≤0.75mA), kunye novavanyo lokuqhubeka komhlaba ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lombane;
Ingxelo yoVavanyo loKuhambelana kwe-Electromagnetic ye-EMC: Ngokusekelwe kwi-EN 55014-1 (Ukukhutshwa kwegesi okuqhutywayo) kunye ne-EN 61000-3-2 (iHarmonic Current), kufuneka ihlangabezane nemida efana nemitha ≤30dBμV/m kwibhendi ye-30MHz–1GHz kunye nokuguquguquka kwe-compressor start/stop voltage ≤10%, okuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic nezinye izixhobo;
Ingxelo yoVavanyo lokuSebenza kakuhle kwamandla e-ERP: Ngokwe-EN 62552, kufuneka ifikelele kumlinganiselo we-A+ okanye ophezulu wokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Imithetho emitsha ka-2025 ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okulinda ≤1.0W;
Isatifikethi sokuThotyelwa kweGesi ye-F: Ukuba imveliso isebenzisa iifriji ezine-fluorinated, nika ubungqina bokuba ixabiso le-GWP yefriji liyi
Izatifikethi zokuThotyelwa kweMiqathango ebalulekileyo: Iikopi zamaxwebhu esiqinisekiso se-CE kwizinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana neecompressor, iimoto, kunye nee-circuit breakers, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezi ndawo ziyahambelana nemigangatho ye-EU.
4. Isibhengezo sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho (i-DoC): Ukuzibophelela kweNkampani ekuThotyelweni kweMithetho
Isibhengezo sokuVumelana luxwebhu olusemthethweni olusayinwe ngumvelisi okanye nguMmeli oGunyazisiweyo we-EU, olusebenza njengengxelo yokugqibela eqinisekisa ukuba imveliso iyahlangabezana neemfuno zemiyalelo ye-EU. Kufuneka iquke ezi zinto zilandelayo ziphambili:
Igama lomenzi, idilesi, kunye neenkcukacha zoMmeli oGunyazisiweyo we-EU (kwiinkampani ezingezizo ze-EU);
Igama lemveliso, imodeli, kunye nenombolo yochungechunge (ukuba ikhona);
Uluhlu lweMiyalelo ye-EU esebenzayo (umz., i-LVD, i-EMC, i-ERP) kunye namanani asemgangathweni ahambelanayo;
Igama lomtyikityi, isikhundla, kunye nomhla wokutyikitya, zincamathiselwe uphawu olusemthethweni lwenkampani.
II. Izixhobo zokuxhasa ezongezelelweyo: Lungisa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zeMveliso
Ngaphandle kwezinto eziphambili, iimeko ezithile ezikhethekileyo zinokufuna amaxwebhu ongezelelweyo ukuthintela ukulibaziseka kwesatifikethi ngenxa yezinto ezingekhoyo:
Incwadi Yomsebenzisi Wemveliso: Kufuneka ibandakanye ubuncinane ulwimi olunye olusemthethweni lwe-EU (umz., isiNgesi, isiJamani, isiFrentshi), olugubungela izikhokelo zokufakela, iinkqubo zokusebenza, iindlela zokulungisa, kunye nezilumkiso zokhuseleko (umz., “Abantwana akufuneki banyuke,” “Baphephe Ukukhanya Kwelanga Ngokuthe Ngqo”), kunye nemiyalelo yokulahla inkunkuma. Incwadi kufuneka ibonise idilesi yoMmeli Ogunyazisiweyo we-EU;
Ileyibhile yeMveliso kunye neeSampulu zokuPakisha: Iileyibhile mazibonise ngokucacileyo igama lemveliso, imodeli, ulwazi lomenzi, uphawu lwe-CE (ubungakanani ≥5mm, lucacile kwaye luhlala ixesha elide), ileyibhile yokulinganisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, njl. Imizobo yoyilo lokupakishwa kufuneka ibandakanye iimpawu zesilumkiso sokhuseleko kunye namanyathelo okuhambisa;
Amaxwebhu eNkqubo yoLawulo loMgangatho: Ezifana nesatifikethi se-ISO 9001, iingxelo zophicotho-zincwadi zomgangatho wangaphakathi, njl. Okuyimfuneko kwiimveliso ezinobungozi obukhulu okanye xa ukhetha isatifikethi seModule D/E;
Ingxelo yoHluko lweeMveliso zoLuhlu: Xa uqinisekisa iimodeli ezahlukeneyo, chaza ngokucacileyo umahluko wolwakhiwo, icandelo, kunye nokusebenza ukuze uthintele ukungasebenzi kwesiqinisekiso ngenxa yeenguqu ezingalungiswanga.
III. Isikhokelo Sokuphepha Imigibe Yowama-2025: Iimpazamo Ongasoze Uzenze
Abathengisi abaninzi abathumela impahla kwamanye amazwe bayasilela ukufumana isiqinisekiso kungengenxa yezixhobo ezingaphelelanga, kodwa ngenxa yeenkcukacha ezingathobeli mithetho. Ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo yamva nje, nazi iingxaki ezintathu ezixhaphakileyo:
Ulwimi lwamaxwebhu olungathobeliyo imithetho: Amaxwebhu obuchwephesha okanye iincwadi zesikhokelo ezingabhalwanga ngolwimi olusemthethweni lwe-EU, okanye iinguqulelo ezingachanekanga. Esi sesona sizathu siqhelekileyo sokwaliwa. Sicebisa ukuba izinto zihlolwe yiarhente yoguqulelo yobungcali;
Iingxelo zovavanyo ezingachanekanga: Iingxelo ezikhutshwe ziilabhoratri ezingafanelekanga, okanye izinto zovavanyo ezingayigubungeli yonke imiyalelo efanelekileyo. Sicebisa ukuba kuqinisekiswe kwangaphambili ukuba ilebhu inelungelo lokuqinisekiswa yi-CNAS okanye isikhundla se-EU Notified Body;
Ukugcinwa kweefayile zobugcisa ezingathotyelwanga: Ukusilela ukugcina amaxwebhu kangangeminyaka eli-10 efunekayo, okanye ukungangqinelani phakathi komxholo obhaliweyo kunye neenkcukacha zemveliso yokwenyani. Amagunya olawulo e-EU anokufumana iingxaki ezinjalo ngexesha lokuhlolwa okukhawulezileyo, okunokukhokelela ekubuyiselweni kwemveliso kunye nezohlwayo.
IV. Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo: Ukujongana Neengxaki Zakho
Q1: Ngaba iikhabhathi zeziselo ezinomnyango omnye zingafumana isiqinisekiso se-CE ngokuzibhengeza?
A: Ewe. Iikhabhathi zeziselo ezinomnyango omnye ziwela phantsi kwezixhobo zasekhaya ezinobungozi obuphantsi kwaye zinokusebenzisa imodeli yokuzibhengeza (iModule A). Akukho kubandakanyeka kweBhodi Eyaziswayo kuyimfuneko; iinkampani zinokwenza uvavanyo kwaye zikhuphe izibhengezo ngokuzimeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindlela ezintsonkothileyo zoyilo lwemveliso okanye iimfuno ezithile zabathengi, isiqinisekiso ngeBhodi Eyaziswayo sinokukhethwa ukuphucula ukuthembeka.
Q2: Lithini ixesha lokusebenza kwesiqinisekiso se-CE?
A: Akukho xesha limiselweyo lokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uyilo lwemveliso okanye iinkqubo zokuvelisa ziyatshintsha, okanye ukuba imiyalelo okanye imigangatho efanelekileyo ye-EU ihlaziywa, ukuthobela kufuneka kuhlolwe kwakhona. Amaxwebhu esiqinisekiso kunye nezibhengezo kufuneka zihlaziywe njengoko kuyimfuneko.
Q3: Inkqubo yokuqinisekisa ithatha ixesha elingakanani emva kokuba izixhobo zilungisiwe?
A: Phantsi kweemeko ezithambileyo, imodeli yokuzibhengeza ithatha malunga neeveki ezili-12. Ukuba iBhunga eliXinzelelweyo libandakanyeka kuvavanyo nophononongo, umjikelo umalunga neeveki ezingama-36, kuxhomekeke kubunzima bemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwelebhu.
Ngamafutshane, eyona nto iphambili kwizixhobo zokuqinisekiswa kwe-CE kwiikhabhathi zeziselo zomnyango omnye "kukugqibelela, ukuchaneka, kunye nokuthobela imithetho." Ngokugxila kwimiyalelo emithathu ephambili—i-LVD, i-EMC, kunye ne-ERP—kunye nokuqokelela onke amaxwebhu abalulekileyo afana neefayile zobugcisa, iingxelo zovavanyo, kunye nezibhengezo zokuthobela ngokweluhlu lokuhlola, ngelixa unika ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha ukuze uphephe imingcipheko, isiqinisekiso sinokufunyanwa ngempumelelo. Ukuba usenemibuzo malunga neemfuno ezithile zokulungiselela izinto, kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane nequmrhu loqinisekiso lobuchwephesha kwangaphambili ukuze uphephe ukuchitha ixesha kunye nezixhobo ngenxa yokungalungiseleli.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-04-2026 Imbono: