Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle kurhwebo oluwela imida kusebenza njengomjelo obalulekileyo wothutho lwehlabathi, unikezela ngeenzuzo ezinkulu zexabiso xa kuthelekiswa nokuthunyelwa ngenqwelo moya—ingakumbi kwizinto ezinkulu ezifana nee-countertop ezineengcango ezintathu. Ukuthunyelwa kwezi zinto e-US kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle. Kakade ke, iindleko azilula njenge "xabiso elibandakanya yonke into." Ukususela ekuthathweni kwezinto ukuya ekuhanjisweni kwiindawo zokuthengisa zase-US, inkqubo ibandakanya ubuncinane amanqanaba amathandathu, ngalinye lineendleko ezinxulumene noko. Iindleko ezifihliweyo, ngakumbi, zezona zinokubangela ukugqithiswa kwebhajethi.
I. Iindleko zokuqala: Ukusuka kwiFektri/Indawo yokugcina impahla ukuya ePort
Oku kugubungela iindleko ezisisiseko ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle, ikakhulu kugxile “ekuhambiseni ikhabhinethi echwebeni.” Iqulathe izinto ezintathu eziphambili:
1. Iintlawulo zoThutho lokuLandwa nokuHamba okufutshane: Ukuba ikhabhinethi ikwifektri yasekhaya okanye kwindawo yokugcina impahla yabucala, lungiselela uthutho lwelori ukuya kwizibuko elikufutshane elivela kulo (umz., eNingbo, eShanghai, eShenzhen). Ikhabhinethi yesiselo eqhelekileyo eneminyango emithathu inobunzima obumalunga ne-200-300kg (440-660 lbs) kwaye ithatha malunga ne-2.2-2.5 cubic metres (74-84 cubic feet) (ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo: 180*70*190cm / 71*27*74 intshi). Ihlelwe njengemithwalo ekhaphukhaphu, uthutho olufutshane (umz., ngaphakathi kwe-100km radius) ludla ngokubiza i-¥500-1500 (US$65-200), kuxhomekeke kumgama kunye nokuba kufuneka ukulayisha/ukukhulula i-forklift (i-¥200-500 eyongezelelweyo / $27-70 ngomzekelo ngamnye). Kwiindawo ezithunyelwa umgama omde okanye ukuhanjiswa kwiindawo ezisemazantsi e-US, kucetyiswa iipalethi zomthi ezifuthayo (imithetho yase-US ifuna ukuba kufakwe i-fumigation ukuze kupakishwe ngomthi ukuze kuthintelwe ukubanjwa kwempahla ephuma kwi-customs), kongezwe i-300-500 RMB/unit. Isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni emva kokufakwa kwe-fumigation sithintela imiba yokususwa kwempahla ephuma kwi-customs.
3. Iindleko zezibuko: Xa ufika ezibuko, kukho iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo zokugcina, ukubhukisha, amaxwebhu, njl. Iindleko zokugcina eziqhelekileyo: ¥20-50/imitha yekyubhiki/ngosuku (ukuba iimpahla zifika kwangethuba kwaye zifuna indawo yokugcina okwethutyana). Iindleko zokubhukisha: ¥300-800/ngebhili. Iindleko zamaxwebhu (B/L, uluhlu lokupakisha, njl.): ¥200-500. Ixabiso lilonke eliqikelelweyo: ¥500-1500. Amaxabiso ayahluka kancinci ngokwezibuko.
II. Ukuhanjiswa Kweenqanawa + Iintlawulo Ezongezelelekileyo: Eyona Nto Iguquguqukayo Kakhulu
Oku kwenza inxalenye enkulu yeendleko zokuthumela, amaxabiso achaphazeleka kakhulu bubude bexesha, imigca yokuthumela, kunye neendlela zokuthutha. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokuthumela, nganye inefuthe elihlukileyo kwixabiso:
1. Ukuthunyelwa komthwalo ongaphantsi kwesikhongozeli (LCL): Kufanelekile ukuthunyelwa kuphela izikhongozeli ezisemgangathweni ezi-1-2 xa isikhongozeli esipheleleyo singadingeki. Ukuhlawuliswa kusekelwe "kubungakanani" (impahla elula/enkulu ayilinganiswa). Isikhongozeli esiqhelekileyo esineengcango ezi-3 sinobungakanani obumalunga ne-2.3 cubic metres. Amaxabiso e-LCL angoku aqala kwi-800-1500 RMB/cubic meter, nto leyo ebangela iindleko zokuthutha ulwandle ngesikhongozeli esimalunga ne-1840-3450 RMB. Qaphela: I-LCL ibandakanya "iindleko zokudibanisa" (500-1000 RMB ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye) kunye "neentlawulo zokukhupha impahla kwizibuko lokuya" (kuxoxwa ngazo kamva). Qinisekisa ezi ndleko nomthumeli wakho wempahla kwangaphambili.
2. Umthwalo weContainer epheleleyo (i-FCL): Ixabiso liphantsi kakhulu kwiimpahla ezinkulu (umz., iiyunithi ezi-5 nangaphezulu). Kwisikhongozeli seGP esiqhelekileyo esingangeenyawo ezingama-20 (esibamba malunga nee-cubic metres ezingama-28), iindleko zokuthutha zaselwandle zixabisa malunga ne-$2,000–4,000 ngesikhongozeli ngasinye (esilingana ne-¥14,000–28,000 RMB). Oku kuphakathi kwe-¥500–1,000 ngekhabhathi eme nkqo, oku kubiza kancinci kune-LCL. Nangona kunjalo, imfuneko yokuthumela encinci ngesikhongozeli ngasinye iphezulu.
3. Iintlawulo ezisisinyanzelo: Ezi "ndleko ezifihlakeleyo" zihlala zinganakwa, ikakhulu kubandakanywa iBunker Adjustment Factor (BAF) kunye neCurrency Adjustment Factor (CAF), ezithi xa zizonke zibe malunga ne-10%-20% yeendleko zokuthutha ulwandle. Ngexesha lexesha elixakekileyo (umz., kwiinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kweKrisimesi e-US), imizila yokuthumela ibeka iPeak Season Surcharge (PSS), ngokuqhelekileyo i-$500-$2,000 ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye. Ukongeza, amaxabiso okuthutha ulwandle ahluka kakhulu phakathi kwamazibuko ahlukeneyo okuya e-US (umz., eLos Angeles, eNew York, eHouston). IPort of Los Angeles yeyona idumileyo kwaye inikezela ngamaxabiso aphantsi, ngelixa iPort of New York idla ngokubiza nge-10%-15%.
III. Ukususwa kweerhafu + ukulandwa kweekhonteyina: Kubiza kakhulu kwaye kunokubangela iingxaki
Xa zifika kwizibuko laseMelika, iimpahla azinakuthathwa ngoko nangoko. Le nkqubo ibandakanya iindleko ezinzima kunye nemigaqo yerhafu, kwaye ukuphathwa gwenxa kunokubangela izohlwayo ezongezelelweyo:
1. Iintlawulo zokuhlawula irhafu: Kufuneka ziphathwe ngumthengisi werhafu wasekuhlaleni wase-US, oxabisa malunga ne-$200–500 ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye (okulingana ne-RMB 1,400–3,500), kubandakanya iintlawulo zokwazisa kunye neentlawulo zokucubungula irhafu. Qaphela: Iifriji zeziselo ezineminyango emithathu zihlelwa njengezixhobo kwaye zifuna isiqinisekiso se-FDA (esiyimfuneko kwizixhobo zokunxibelelana nokutya zase-US) kunye neSatifikethi seMvelaphi. Ukungabikho kwanoma luphi na uxwebhu kunokubangela uhlolo, nto leyo enokubangela iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo ze-$300–1000 (ukuba awunathamsanqa).
2. Iindleko zePort: Kubandakanya iiTyala zoLawulo lweTerminal (THC), iintlawulo zoxwebhu, kunye neentlawulo zeAutomated Manifest System (AMS), ezifikelela kwi-$300–800 ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye (RMB 2,100–5,600). Kwimithwalo ye-LCL (engaphantsi komthwalo wesikhongozeli), intlawulo eyongezelelweyo yokunciphisa iindleko ($200–500 ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye) iyasebenza; ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL (umthwalo wesikhongozeli esipheleleyo) akuhlawulisi le ntlawulo.
3. Iintlawulo zokuThuthwa kweeContainer kunye neeNtlawulo zokuThuthwa kweLizwe: Emva kokususwa kweerhafu, iicontainer kufuneka zithathwe kwisiphelo sendlela zize zisiwe kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo. KwiLos Angeles njengezibuko lokuya, iintlawulo zokuThuthwa kweeContainer zimalunga ne-$100–300 ngohambo ngalunye. Uthutho olude oluvela kwizibuko ukuya kwizixeko zangaphakathi zase-US (umz., eChicago, eDallas) lubiza malunga ne-$1–2 ngemayile nganye. Umzekelo, ukuthunyelwa ukusuka eLos Angeles ukuya eChicago (malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-2,000) kubiza iintlawulo zothutho ze-$2,000–4,000 (RMB 14,000–28,000). Ukuba zisiwe kwivenkile esedolophini, kusebenza umrhumo wokuhanjiswa kwedolophu owongezelelweyo ($300–800).
IV. I-inshurensi + Irhafu: Ukuphepha Ilahleko Yezemali Engalindelekanga
Nangona zingezo "iindleko zothutho" kuphela, ezi "ziindleko zokhuseleko" ezibalulekileyo ezithwala umngcipheko omkhulu ukuba azifakwanga:
1. I-Inshorensi yaseLwandle: Ibalwa kwi-0.3%-0.8% yexabiso lempahla. Kwikhabhathi yeziselo eneminyango emithathu exabisa malunga ne-¥5,000-10,000 ngeyunithi nganye, iindleko ze-inshorensi zimalunga ne-¥15-80 ngeyunithi nganye. Kucetyiswa kakhulu ukuthenga. Igubungela amabango elahleko ngenxa yezaqhwithi, ukumiwa komhlaba, okanye umonakalo wempahla ngexesha lokuthunyelwa; kungenjalo, uthwala iindleko ezipheleleyo.
2. Iintlawulo zokungenisa izinto e-US: Ii-cooler zesiselo zihlelwa njenge "zixhobo zokukhenkcisa." Ikhowudi ye-US Harmonized System (HS) ehambelanayo inomlinganiselo werhafu omalunga ne-2.5%-5% (kuxhomekeke kudidi lokugqibela lwezerhafu). Ukubalwa ngokusekelwe kwixabiso, umzekelo, iyunithi exabisa i-¥8,000 ihlawula irhafu emalunga ne-¥200-400 ngeyunithi nganye. Ukongeza, amanye amazwe ahlawulisa irhafu yentengiso (6%-10%), efana neCalifornia neNew York. Qinisekisa imigaqo-nkqubo yelizwe eliya kulo kwangaphambili.
V. Iindleko Ezifihlakeleyo Ezithandwa Kakhulu Kukuchitha Ngokugqithisileyo
1. Iintlawulo zokunciphisa imithwalo/zokukhupha impahla: Ukuba iimpahla azithathwanga echwebeni kangangeentsuku ezisi-7 emva kokufika, iintlawulo zokunciphisa imithwalo ziyasebenza ($50–200/ngosuku). Kwimithwalo epheleleyo yeekhonteyina (i-FCL), ukungaphumeleli ukubuyisela ikhonteyina ngexesha elichaziweyo lomthwali (ngesiqhelo iintsuku ezisi-7–14) kukhokelela kwiintlawulo zokukhupha impahla ($30–100/ngosuku). Ezi ndleko ziyanda ngokulibaziseka, ngoko ke qinisekisa ukuba amalungiselelo okucoca impahla agqitywa kwangaphambili.
2. Iintlawulo zokuLungisa iiPakethi zokungathobeli imithetho: Ukuba iipalethi zomthi azinawo umphunga okanye ukupakishwa akukhuselekanga ngokwaneleyo, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo kwimpahla, i-US Customs ingayalela ukuba kuphinde kulungiswe. Oku kubiza malunga ne-$500–$2,000 ngesihlandlo ngasinye kwaye kubangela ukulibaziseka okukhulu.
3. Iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo zomthumeli wempahla: Xa ukhetha umthumeli wempahla, buza ngokucacileyo malunga "namaxabiso abandakanya yonke into" kunye "neentlawulo ezingabandakanywanga" ukuze uphephe iintlawulo ezingalindelekanga ezifana "neentlawulo zokuphatha" okanye "iintlawulo ezikhawulezileyo" phakathi kwenkqubo. Kucetyiswa ukuba utyikitye isivumelwano esibhaliweyo esichaza zonke iinkcukacha zeendleko.
Ngamafutshane, ukuthumela ikhabhathi enye yeziselo eneminyango emi-3 e-US (njengomzekelo eLos Angeles) kuhlawula iindleko ezipheleleyo ezimalunga ne-¥12,000–20,000 (ezigubungela ukuphathwa kwekhaya, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle, ukususwa kwempahla erhangqwe yirhafu, kunye nothutho olufutshane oluya e-US). Iindleko zonyuka ngama-30%–50% zokuhanjiswa kwempahla kwizixeko zase-US ezirhangqwe yirhafu. Cwangcisa inyanga e-1-2 kwangaphambili, khetha umthumeli wempahla othembekileyo, cacisa zonke iifizi, kwaye ulungiselele amaxwebhu apheleleyo okususwa kwempahla erhangqwe yirhafu ukuze uphephe ukugqithiswa kwebhajethi kunye nemingcipheko yokubamba impahla erhangqwe yirhafu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Disemba-29-2025 Imbono: