Kurhwebo lwehlabathi olukhula ngoku, ishishini lokuthumela ngaphandle iifriji ezinkulu lixhaphakile. Kumashishini amaninzi abandakanyeka ekuthumeleni iifriji kwamanye amazwe kunye nabathengi abaneemfuno ezifanelekileyo zokuthenga, ukuqonda ixesha elifunekayo lokuthumela ngaphandle okukhulu kumazwe ahlukeneyo kubaluleke kakhulu. Eli xesha alichaphazeli nje kuphela ucwangciso lwekhonkco lokubonelela kodwa likwanxulumene kakhulu nemiba efana nolawulo lweendleko zeshishini kunye nolwaneliseko lwabathengi. Okulandelayo, siza kuhlalutya nzulu izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ixesha lokuthuthwa kweefriji ezinkulu kwaye sazise ngokweenkcukacha ixesha eliqikelelweyo lokuthumela ngaphandle kwamanye amazwe amakhulu.
I. Izinto Eziphambili Ezichaphazela Ixesha Lokuthuthwa Kweefriji Ezinkulu Ezithunyelwa Ngaphandle
1. Umahluko kwiindlela zothutho
(1) Ukuthunyelwa elwandle:
Inezibonelelo ezibalulekileyo zomthwalo omkhulu kunye neendleko eziphantsi, kodwa isantya sayo sokuthutha sicotha kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuthutho oluqhelekileyo lweekhonteyina, ukususela kwixesha impahla ilayishwa enqanaweni kwizibuko lokuhamba de ikhutshwe kwizibuko lokuhamba, le nkqubo ingathatha iintsuku ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-45, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nomgama phakathi kwezibuko lokuhamba kunye nezibuko lokuhamba, ukuxakeka kwendlela yokuthutha, kunye nokuba kufuneka na ukuthunyelwa phakathi. Umzekelo, ukuba ukuthunyelwa ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kunxweme olusentshona ye-United States, phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ixesha lokuthutha limalunga neentsuku ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-25; ukuba ukuthunyelwa kunxweme olusempuma ye-United States, ngenxa yomgama omde kunye nesidingo esinokwenzeka sokuthutha ngePanama Canal, ixesha lokuthutha liya kwandiswa liye kwiintsuku ezingama-25 ukuya kwezingama-35.
(2) Ukuthunyelwa ngomoya
Eyona nto iphambili kuyo yisantya. Ixhasa ukuthuthwa kweefriji ezincinci, kodwa ngokusisiseko akunakwenzeka kwezinkulu. Inkqubo ukususela ngexesha impahla iziswa kwinqwelo-moya de ikhutshwe kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya esiya kuso ithatha iintsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-7 kuphela. Olu lukhetho olufanelekileyo kubathengi abazidinga ngokukhawuleza iimpahla okanye kwiiodolo ezithile ezineemfuno zexesha eliphezulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthunyelwa ngenqwelo-moya kubiza kakhulu, kwaye kwiifriji ezinkulu, ezinkulu ngomthamo kwaye zinzima, iinkampani zeenqwelo-moya zinokuba nemiqathango ethile ngokwendawo yekhabhini. Umzekelo, ngokubanzi kuthatha iintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 ukuhambisa iifriji ezinkulu ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eYurophu, kodwa ukuba lixesha eliphezulu lokuthuthwa ngenqwelo-moya okanye kukho iimeko ezikhethekileyo kwimisebenzi yesikhululo seenqwelo-moya, ixesha lokuthuthwa nalo linokulibaziseka.
(3) Uthutho lomhlaba
Phakathi kwamazwe angabamelwane okanye kwezinye iindawo ezinenethiwekhi epheleleyo yothutho lomhlaba, uthutho lomhlaba lukwayindlela yokuthumela impahla enkulu kwamanye amazwe. Kwiifriji ezinkulu, uthutho lomhlaba oluhamba ngeelori luyafuneka. Ixesha lokuthuthwa kothutho lomhlaba liyahluka ngokwemigama kunye neemeko zendlela, ngokubanzi kuthatha malunga neentsuku ezili-1 ukuya kwezili-10. Umzekelo, ukuba uthutha iifriji ezinkulu ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kwamanye amazwe aseMzantsi-mpuma Asia ngendlela okanye ngololiwe, ukuba indlela yothutho ihamba kakuhle, ingathatha iintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 kuphela ukufika. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho iinkqubo ezinzima zokucoca imida, ukwakhiwa kwendlela, njl.njl., ixesha lokuthuthwa linokwandiswa kakhulu.
2. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwemvume yerhafu yelizwe ekuyiwa kulo
Amazwe aphuhlileyo: Kumazwe aphuhlileyo afana ne-United States, i-United Kingdom, ne-Jamani, inkqubo yokususwa kwempahla ihambelana nemigangatho kwaye isebenza kakuhle. Ngokubanzi, phantsi kwemeko yamaxwebhu apheleleyo kunye nezibhengezo ezichanekileyo, ixesha lokususwa kwempahla elwandle - impahla yokuthutha lidla ngokuba ziintsuku zokusebenza ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5, kwaye elo lempahla yokuthutha ngomoya - impahla yokuthutha lidla ngokuba ziintsuku zokusebenza ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3. Umzekelo, xa sithatha i-United States, kwimpahla yokuthutha elwandle, kudla ngokuba ziintsuku zokusebenza ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5 ukususela ekungenisweni kwamaxwebhu apheleleyo ukuze akhululwe; kwimpahla yokuthutha elwandle - impahla yokuthutha, kudla ngokuba ziintsuku zokusebenza ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3 ukugqiba ukususwa kwempahla. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho iimpazamo okanye ukungacaci kolwazi lokubhengezwa kweempahla, okanye ukuba iimpahla zihlolwa ngokungacwangciswanga yi-custom kwaye kufuneka uhlolo olongezelelweyo, ixesha lokususwa kwempahla liya kwandiswe ngokufanayo, mhlawumbi lifikelele kwiintsuku ezi-7 ukuya kwezi-10 okanye nangaphezulu.
Amazwe Asaphuhlayo: Ngenxa yezizathu ezifana neenkqubo zerhafu ezingafezekanga kunye neziseko ezibuthathaka kumazwe asaphuhlayo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokususwa kwerhafu kusenokuba phantsi. Ixesha lokususwa kwerhafu lingathatha iintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-10, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ezikhethekileyo, linokudlula iintsuku ezili-10. Umzekelo, kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika, iinkqubo zerhafu zinzima, uphononongo lwamaxwebhu lungqongqo, kwaye kunokubakho iingxaki ezifana nokungoneli kwabasebenzi, okubangela ukuhlala ixesha elide kweempahla kwirhafu. Ukongeza, imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu yamanye amazwe asaphuhlayo isenokungazinzi kwaye inokulungiswa nangaliphi na ixesha, nto leyo ekwazisa ukungaqiniseki kumsebenzi wokususwa kwerhafu kwaye yandise ixesha lokuthuthwa.
4. Impembelelo yamaxesha akhethekileyo kunye neengxamiseko
Iiholide:Ngexesha leeholide ezibalulekileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuthuthwa kwezinto kunye nokususwa kwempahla kwilizwe elisuka kulo kunye nelizwe eliya kulo kuya kuphazamiseka. Umzekelo, ngexesha leeholide zaseNtshona ezifana neKrisimesi kunye noNyaka oMtsha, kunye noMnyhadala weNtwasahlobo eTshayina, ngeli xesha, abasebenzi bamashishini ezothutho bathabatha iiholide, kwaye iiyure zokusebenza zempahla nazo ziyahlengahlengiswa ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukwehla kokuthutha kunye nokususwa kwempahla. Ngokuqhelekileyo kucetyiswa ukuba kulungiselelwe ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphandle kweeveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 ngaphambi kwexesha eliphezulu lale holide ukuze kuthintelwe ukulibaziseka okukhulu kwixesha lokuthuthwa.
Uhlengahlengiso lwemigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo:Utshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo yamazwe ahlukeneyo lunempembelelo ethe ngqo kwixesha lokuthuthwa kweefriji ezinkulu ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Xa ilizwe eliya kulo lizisa imigaqo-nkqubo emitsha yorhwebo, efana nokunyusa amaxabiso okanye ukongeza imiqathango yokungenisa, amashishini adinga ixesha lokulungelelanisa nokulungisa amaxwebhu kunye neenkqubo zokubhengeza, okunokukhokelela ekwandisweni kwexesha lokususwa kwerhafu. Umzekelo, ukuba ilizwe ngequbuliso lisebenzisa iimfuno ezintsha zesatifikethi somgangatho wokusebenza kwamandla kwiifriji ezingenisiweyo, ishishini elithumela kwamanye amazwe kufuneka lilungiselele izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuqinisekiswa kwakhona, kwaye amasiko nawo kufuneka aphinde ahlolisise ezi zinto, nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo eya kunyusa iindleko zexesha lokususwa kwerhafu.
Izinto ezibangela amandla amakhulu:Ukwenzeka kwezinto ezibangela amandla amakhulu ezifana neentlekele zemvelo, iimfazwe, kunye neziganeko zempilo yoluntu kuya kuphazamisa kakhulu ukuthuthwa kwezinto kwihlabathi liphela. Umzekelo, inkanyamba engalindelekanga inokubangela ukuvalwa kwezibuko kangangeentsuku ezininzi, okwenza kube nzima ukulayisha nokukhulula impahla ngexesha; iingxabano zengingqi zinokuchaphazela ukhuseleko lwendlela yothutho, zinyanzele amashishini ezothutho ukuba atshintshe indlela yothutho, ngaloo ndlela yandisa ixesha lothutho.
II. Ixesha Eliqikelelweyo Elifunekayo Lokuthumela Izixhobo Ezinkulu Zefriji (Iifriji, Iifriji) Kumazwe Aphambili
1. Thumela ngaphandle eMelika
Ukuthunyelwa ngenqanawa elwandle:Ukuba usuka kwiizibuko ezinkulu zaseTshayina usiya kwiizibuko ezikunxweme olusentshona ye-United States, ezifana neLos Angeles kunye neLong Beach, phantsi kwemeko yenkqubo yokuthutha ethe tye kwaye ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ixesha lokususwa kweerhafu, ixesha lokuhamba elwandle limalunga neentsuku ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-20. Ukongeza ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokususwa kweerhafu leentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5 zokusebenza e-United States, ixesha lonke lokuhamba limalunga neentsuku ezili-18 ukuya kwezingama-25. Ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwiizibuko ezikunxweme olusempuma ye-United States, ezifana neNew York neNew Jersey, ngenxa yomgama omde wokuhamba kunye nesidingo esinokwenzeka sokudlula kwiPanama Canal, ixesha lokuhamba elwandle lihlala limalunga neentsuku ezingama-25 ukuya kwezingama-35. Ukongeza ixesha lokususwa kweerhafu, ixesha lonke lokuhamba limalunga neentsuku ezingama-28 ukuya kwezingama-40.
Uloyiko lomoya:Ukusuka kwizikhululo zeenqwelo moya ezinkulu zaseTshayina ukuya kwizikhululo zeenqwelo moya ezinkulu eMelika, ezifana neJohn F. Kennedy Airport eNew York kunye neLos Angeles International Airport, ixesha lokuhamba ngenqwelo moya lidla ngokuba malunga neeyure ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-15. Xa udibanisa ixesha lokusebenza kwempahla kuzo zombini iziphelo zesikhululo seenqwelo moya kunye nexesha lokususwa kwempahla (iintsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3 zokusebenza), ixesha lokuhamba lilonke limalunga neentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba lixesha eliphezulu lokuhamba ngenqwelo moya kwaye indawo yekhabini incinci, iimpahla zinokufuneka zimi emgceni ukuze zilayishwe, kwaye ixesha lokuhamba linokwandiswa liye kwiintsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-7.
2. Thumela ngaphandle e-United Kingdom
Ukuthunyelwa ngenqanawa elwandle:Ukuthunyelwa kweempahla ukusuka kwizibuko zaseTshayina ukuya kwizibuko zaseBritane, ezifana neSouthampton kunye neFelixstowe, ixesha lokuhamba ngolwandle lihlala liziintsuku ezingama-25 ukuya kuma-35. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwerhafu ye ...
Uloyiko lomoya:Ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya ezinkulu e-UK, ezifana neLondon Heathrow Airport, ixesha lokuhamba ngenqwelo-moya limalunga neeyure ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-12. Ukongeza ixesha lokusebenza kwesikhululo seenqwelo-moya kunye nexesha lokuphuma kwerhafu (iintsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3 zokusebenza), ixesha lokuhamba lilonke limalunga neentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5. Ngokufanayo nokuthutha ngolwandle, ukuthutha ngenqwelo-moya kunokufumana indawo encinci yekhabhathi kunye nexesha elandisiweyo lokuhamba ngexesha lonyaka oxakekileyo.
3.Thumela ngaphandle eKhanada
Ukuthunyelwa ngenqanawa elwandle:Kwimithwalo yolwandle esuka eTshayina ukuya eKhanada, ukuba ithunyelwa kwiindawo zonxweme zasentshona ezifana neVancouver, ixesha lokuhamba elwandle lihlala liziintsuku ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-30. Inkqubo yokususwa kwempahla yerhafu yerhafu yaseKhanada iqhelekile, kwaye ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokususwa kwempahla yerhafu liziintsuku zokusebenza ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5. Ngoko ke ixesha lokuhamba lilonke limalunga neentsuku ezingama-23 ukuya kuma-35. Ukuba ithunyelwa kwizixeko zasempuma ezifana neToronto neMontreal, ngenxa yomgama okhulayo wokuthutha kunye nokudluliselwa kwempahla, ixesha lokuhamba elwandle liya kwandiswa liye kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kuma-40. Ukongeza ixesha lokususwa kwempahla yerhafu, ixesha lonke lokuhamba limalunga neentsuku ezingama-33 ukuya kuma-45. Eminye imigca ekhethekileyo yezothutho, efana nomgca wempahla yolwandle ohamba ngezixhobo zasekhaya ukuya eKhanada, inokuhambisa iifriji kunye nezinye izixhobo zasekhaya eVancouver kwiintsuku ezingama-30, kwaye kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-35 ukuya kuma-45 kwizixeko ezifana neToronto neMontreal. Bakwabonelela ngeenkonzo zokuphuma kwempahla ze-CBSA eziphindwe kabini kunye nerhafu, ezibandakanya izixeko ezinkulu ezifana neCalgary ne-Ottawa.
Uloyiko lomoya:Ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya ezinkulu eCanada, ezifana neToronto Pearson International Airport kunye neVancouver International Airport, ixesha lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya limalunga neeyure ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-15. Ukongeza ixesha lokusebenza kwesikhululo seenqwelo-moya kunye nexesha lokuvunyelwa kwerhafu (iintsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3 zokusebenza), ixesha lokuhamba lilonke limalunga neentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5. Kodwa impembelelo yexesha eliphezulu lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kusafuneka iqatshelwe.
4. Thumela ngaphandle eOstreliya
Ukuthunyelwa ngenqanawa: Ukuthunyelwa ngenqanawa ukusuka kwizibuko zaseTshayina ukuya kwizibuko ezinkulu zase-Australia, ezifana neSydney neMelbourne, ixesha lokuhamba ngenqanawa ngokubanzi liziintsuku ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-25. I-Australian customs ineemfuno zokuhlolwa nokuvalelwa ngaphandle kwempahla engeniswayo, kwaye ixesha lokuphuma ngenqanawa lidla ngokuba ziintsuku zokusebenza ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-7. Ke ngoko, ixesha lokuhamba ngenqanawa xa kuthunyelwa impahla e-Australia ngolwandle limalunga neentsuku ezili-18 ukuya kwezingama-32. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuthuthwa, iimpahla kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yemveliso efanelekileyo kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo zase-Australia; kungenjalo, zinokujongana nemiqobo yokuphuma ngenqanawa, nto leyo eyandisa ixesha lokuhamba.
Ukuthutha ngenqwelomoya: Ukusuka kwizikhululo zeenqwelo moya ezinkulu zaseTshayina ukuya kwizikhululo zeenqwelo moya ezinkulu e-Australia, ixesha lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya limalunga neeyure ezisi-8 ukuya kwezili-10. Ukongeza ixesha lokusebenza kwesikhululo seenqwelo moya kunye nexesha lokuphuma kwerhafu (iintsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3 zokusebenza), ixesha lokuhamba lilonke limalunga neentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5. Njengakwamanye amazwe, nangona ukuthutha ngenqwelomoya kufikeleleka ngexesha, ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu, kwaye amashishini kufuneka enze izigqibo ngokweemfuno zawo.
5. Thumela kwamanye amazwe nakwiindawo
(1) Ukuthumela kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu:
Xa sithatha iJamani njengomzekelo, kwimithwalo yaselwandle esuka eTshayina ukuya kumazibuko aseJamani, afana neHamburg neBremen, ixesha lokuhamba ngolwandle lidla ngokuba ziintsuku ezingama-25 ukuya kuma-35, kwaye ixesha lokuphuma kwerhafu liziintsuku zokusebenza ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5. Ixesha lokuhamba lilonke limalunga neentsuku ezingama-28 ukuya kuma-40. Ukuba ithuthwa ngololiwe, ukusuka kwezinye izikhululo zokuqala zoololiwe baseTshayina ukuya eYurophu eTshayina ukuya eJamani, ixesha lokuhamba limalunga neentsuku ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-18. Nangona kunjalo, amandla okuhamba ngololiwe alinganiselwe, kwaye isicwangciso sokuhamba sinokuchaphazeleka zizinto ezifana nokugcinwa kwemigca kunye nokucwangcisa. Ixesha lokuhamba ngomoya ukuya eJamani lifana nelamanye amazwe aseYurophu, malunga neentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5.
(2) Ukuthumela kwamanye amazwe aseAsia:
Xa kuthunyelwa ngaphandle eJapan, kwimithwalo yolwandle esuka kumazibuko aseTshayina ukuya kumazibuko amakhulu aseJapan, afana neTokyo ne-Osaka, ixesha lokuhamba ngolwandle lidla ngokuba ziintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-7, kwaye ixesha lokuphuma kwempahla kwiirhafu liyiintsuku zokusebenza ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3. Ixesha lokuhamba lilonke limalunga neentsuku ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-10. Imeko yokuthumela ngaphandle eMzantsi Korea iyafana. Ixesha lokuhamba ngolwandle lidla ngokuba ziintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5, kwaye ixesha lokuphuma kwempahla kwiirhafu liyiintsuku zokusebenza ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3. Ixesha lokuhamba lilonke limalunga neentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-8. La mazwe mabini asondelelene kakhulu neTshayina, ngoko ke ixesha lokuhamba lifutshane, kwaye inkqubo yezothutho ivuthiwe, kwaye ixesha lokuhamba liphezulu. Xa kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe aseAsia afana neIndiya, ixesha lokuhamba ngolwandle linokuba malunga neentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-20, kwaye ngenxa yobunzima benkqubo yerhafu yaseIndiya, ixesha lokuphuma kwempahla kwiirhafu lingathatha iintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-10. Ixesha lokuhamba lilonke limalunga neentsuku ezili-13 ukuya kwezingama-30.
（3）Ukuthumela kwamanye amazwe aseAfrika:
Ngenxa yomahluko omkhulu kwiimeko zeziseko zophuhliso kunye nezothutho phakathi kwamazwe aseAfrika, ixesha lokuhamba nalo liyahluka kakhulu. Ukuthatha uMzantsi Afrika njengomzekelo, kwimpahla yaselwandle esuka eTshayina ukuya kumazibuko amakhulu aseMzantsi Afrika, afana neDurban neKapa, ixesha lokuhamba elwandle lidla ngokuba ziintsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kuma-45, kwaye ixesha lokuphuma kwerhafu lingathatha iintsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezili-10 okanye nangaphezulu. Ixesha lokuhamba lilonke limalunga neentsuku ezingama-35 ukuya kuma-55. Kwamanye amazwe avaliweyo emhlabeni, ngenxa yesidingo sokuhamba kwesibini ngendlela okanye ngololiwe, ixesha lokuhamba liya kuba lide, kwaye kukho izinto ezingaqinisekanga ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhamba.
Ixesha elifunekayo lokuthunyelwa kwezithuthi ezinkulu kumazwe ahlukeneyo lichaphazeleka ngokupheleleyo zizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iindlela zothutho, ukusebenza kakuhle kwerhafu yelizwe ekuyiwa kulo, kunye namaxesha akhethekileyo kunye neengxamiseko. Xa kucwangciswa ishishini lokuthumela iifriji ezinkulu, amashishini kufuneka aqwalasele ngokupheleleyo ezi zinto, akhethe ngokufanelekileyo indlela yokuthutha, kwaye asebenzisane ngokusondeleyo nababoneleli beenkonzo zothutho abangochwephesha ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zinokufika kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo ngexesha nangokukhuselekileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka banikele ingqalelo esondeleyo kutshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo yamazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nokuguquguquka kwemarike yezothutho yehlabathi, kwaye bathathe amanyathelo okuthintela kwangaphambili ukunciphisa iingozi ezibangelwa kukwandiswa kwexesha lokuhamba. Kubathengi abaneemfuno ezingxamisekileyo, nangona ukuthunyelwa ngenqwelo moya kubiza kakhulu, kunokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo zokufikelela ngexesha elifanelekileyo; ngelixa kwiiodolo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo, ukuthunyelwa ngenqanawa lukhetho olungcono lokulinganisela iindleko kunye nexesha lokuhamba.
Ixesha lokuposa: Agasti-08-2025 Imbono: