“Mphathi, le modeli yomthamo wokupholisa we-300W iya kukwanela!” “Hamba nale ye-500W—iphola ngokukhawuleza ehlotyeni!” Xa uthenga iikhabhathi zokubonisa iziselo, ngaba uhlala ubhideka “ngamagama obuchwephesha” abathengisi? Khetha encinci kakhulu, kwaye iziselo aziyi kubanda kakuhle ehlotyeni, nto leyo egxotha abathengi. Khetha enkulu kakhulu, kwaye iindleko zakho zombane ziyanda—inkcitho yemali iphela.
Namhlanje siza kuyihlalutya indlela yokubala amandla okupholisa ikhabhathi yesiselo. Akukho mfuneko yokuqonda imigaqo enzima—landela nje le ndlela kunye nemizekelo inyathelo ngenyathelo. Kwanabaqalayo banokuhlangabezana ngokuchanekileyo neemfuno zabo.
I. Okokuqala Qonda: Kutheni Umele Ubale Umthamo Wokupholisa Ngokuchanekileyo?
Umthamo wokupholisa umele "amandla okupholisa" ekhabhathi yokubonisa, adla ngokulinganiswa ngeewatts (W) okanye iikhilocalories ngeyure (kcal/h), apho i-1 kcal/h ≈ 1.163 W. Ukubala ngokuchanekileyo kufeza iinjongo ezimbini eziphambili:
- Kuphephe "ukugqithisa": Umzekelo, ehlotyeni xa iingcango zevenkile zivulwa rhoqo, amandla okuphola anganeleyo athintela ikhabhinethi ukuba ingafikeleli kwi-3-8°C (ubushushu obufanelekileyo bokugcina iziselo). Iziselo ezinekhabhoni zilahlekelwa yincasa yazo, iijusi zibola lula, kwaye ekugqibeleni ulahlekelwa yimali.
- Thintela "ukugqithisa": Ivenkile ye-20㎡ ethenga ngokungeyomfuneko ikhabhathi yokubonisa enamandla aphezulu ye-500W ichitha i-2-3 kWh eyongezelelweyo ngemini, yongeza amakhulu kwiindleko zombane zonyaka—oku akuyomfuneko kwaphela.
Isifundo esibalulekileyo: Umthamo ophezulu wokupholisa awusoloko ungcono—kuxhomekeke “kwimfuno efanayo.” Gxila kwizinto ezintathu eziphambili: umthamo wekhabhathi yokubonisa, indawo yokusebenza, kunye nobuninzi bokuvula iingcango.
II. Ifomula Engundoqo: Amanyathelo ama-3 okuBala amandla okuphola achanekileyo (Kwanabaqalayo banokuba yingcali)
Akukho mfuneko yokukhumbula imigaqo ye-thermodynamics entsonkothileyo—khumbula nje le fomula isebenzayo: Umthamo Wokupholisa (W) = Umthamo Wekhabhinethi Yokubonisa (L) × Ubuninzi Besiselo (kg/L) × Umthamo Wobushushu Okhethekileyo (kJ/kg·℃) × Umahluko Wobushushu (℃) ÷ Ixesha Lokupholisa (h) ÷ 1000 × IsiQinisekiso Sokulungisa
Masihlalutye iparameter nganye inyathelo ngenyathelo, sisebenzisa "ikhabhathi yokubonisa yevenkile ekulula ukuyithengisa eyi-1000L" njengomzekelo:
1. Iiparameter eziQinisekisiweyo (Sebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo, akukho tshintsho lufunekayo)
| Igama leParamitha | Uluhlu lwexabiso | Inkcazo (Imigaqo kaLayman) |
|---|---|---|
| Ubuninzi besiselo (kg/L) | 0.9–1.0 | Iziselo ezibhotileni (i-cola, amanzi amaminerali) zihlala zingaphantsi kolu luhlu; sebenzisa ixabiso eliphakathi le-0.95 |
| Umthamo wobushushu obuthile (kJ/kg·℃) | 3.8-4.2 | Ngamafutshane, oku kubonisa “ubushushu obufunekayo ukuze kunyuswe/kuncitshiswe ubushushu besiselo.” Kwiiziselo ezisebhotileni, i-4.0 yeyona xabiso lichanekileyo. |
| Ixesha lokuphola (h) | 2-4 | Ixesha lokuphola ukusuka kubushushu begumbi ukuya kwi-3-8°C: iiyure ezi-2 kwiivenkile ezithengisa izinto eziluncedo (ukuvulwa rhoqo kweminyango kufuna ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza), iiyure ezi-3-4 kwiivenkile ezinkulu |
2. Iiparameter eziguquguqukayo (Zalisa ngokusekwe kwimeko yakho yokwenyani)
- Umthamo weKhabinethi yoBoniso (L): Lo 'ngumthamo' obhalwe ngumvelisi, umz., i-1000L, i-600L. Khuphela nje ixabiso elichaziweyo.
- Umahluko wobushushu (°C): Ubushushu obuphakathi – Ubushushu obujoliswe kuko. Masithi ubushushu begumbi lasehlotyeni bungama-35°C (eyona meko imbi kakhulu), ubushushu obujoliswe kuko bungama-5°C (incasa yesiselo efanelekileyo), ngoko ke umahluko wobushushu = 35 – 5 = 30°C.
3. Faka ifomula endaweni yokubala (usebenzisa ikhabhathi yokubonisa yevenkile eyi-1000L njengomzekelo)
Umthamo wefriji (W) = 1000L × 0.95kg/L × 4.0kJ/kg·℃ × 30℃ ÷ 2h ÷ 1000 × 1.2 (into yokulungisa) Ubalo lwenyathelo ngenyathelo: ① 1000 × 0.95 = 950kg (Ubunzima besiselo sisonke ngaphakathi kwikhabhathi) ② 950 × 4.0 × 30 = 114,000 kJ (Ubushushu bubonke bufunekayo ukupholisa zonke iziselo) ③ 114,000 ÷ 2 = 57,000 kJ/h (Umthamo wefriji uyadingeka ngeyure) ④ 57,000 ÷ 1000 = 570 W (Umthamo wokupholisa osisiseko) ⑤ 570 × 1.2 = 684W (Umthamo wokugqibela wokupholisa; into yokulungisa ichazwe kamva)
Isiphelo: Kule khabhathi yokubonisa yevenkile eyi-1000L, ihlobo lifuna amandla okupholisa amalunga ne-700W. I-600W ayonelanga kancinci, ngelixa i-800W ingaphezulu kancinci kodwa ithembekile ngakumbi.
III. Isongezelelo esiPhambili: Ungayichonga njani iNto eLungileyo?
I-“1.2” engentla ayongezwanga ngokungacwangciswanga; ihlengahlengiswa ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa kwangempela. Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zihambelana nee-coefficients ezahlukeneyo. Khetha ngokuthe ngqo ngokusekelwe koku kulandelayo:
- Isici sokulungisa 1.0-1.1: Iikhabhathi zokubonisa zeSupermarket (ukuvulwa kweengcango okuphantsi ≤ amaxesha angama-20 ngemini), iindawo zangaphakathi ezine-air conditioner (ubushushu obuphakathi ≤28°C), iimodeli zokupholisa ngqo (ubushushu obufanelekileyo bokugquma).
- Into yokulungisa 1.2–1.3: Iivenkile eziluncedo/iivenkile ezincinci (ukuvulwa rhoqo kweengcango ≥ amaxesha angama-50 ngemini), iindawo ezingenamoya opholileyo (ubushushu obuphakathi ≥32°C), iimodeli ezipholileyo (ezinomoya obandayo).
- Ulungiso 1.4–1.5: Iindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu (ubushushu obuphakathi kwehlobo ≥38°C), ii-stalls ezivulekileyo (ilanga elithe ngqo), iikhabhathi ezibonisa kufutshane nemithombo yobushushu (umz., ecaleni kwee-oveni okanye ii-heater).
IV. Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa ukhetho lweemodeli kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo
| Imeko yokusetyenziswa | Umthamo weKhabhinethi yoBoniso (L) | Umthamo Wokupholisa Ocetyiswayo (W) | Amanqaku |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ivenkile ekufutshane (ayinamoya opholileyo) | 300-500 | 300-450 | Ukuvulwa okuphakathi; iimodeli ezipholileyo emoyeni zinika uxolo lwengqondo olukhulu |
| Iivenkile ezithengisa izinto ezilula (izithuthi ezihamba ngeenyawo ezininzi) | 600-1000 | 600-750 | Beka phambili iimodeli ezinendlela yokonga umbane ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zombane |
| Icandelo leziselo eSupermarket (elinomoya opholileyo) | 1000-2000 | 700-1200 | Iimodeli ezineengcango ezininzi zivumela ulawulo lobushushu olujoliswe kwindawo ethile ukuze kusebenze kakuhle amandla |
| IiStali Zangaphandle (Iindawo Ezinobushushu Obuphezulu) | 200-400 | 350-500 | Khetha iimodeli ezinee-sunshades ukunciphisa ukuvezwa ngqo elangeni |
V. Izaziso zePitfall: Amaqhinga ama-2 aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa ngabathengisi
- Ukubeka uluhlu kuphela "Amandla Okufaka" ngaphandle "Komthamo Wokupholisa": Amandla okufaka abonisa ukusetyenziswa kombane kwikhabhinethi yokubonisa, kungekhona amandla okupholisa! Umzekelo, ngamandla okufaka afanayo e-500W, uphawu olusemgangathweni lunokufikelela kumthamo wokupholisa we-450W, ngelixa uphawu olungaphantsi komgangatho lunokufikelela kwi-350W kuphela. Soloko ucela umthengisi ukuba anikezele "ngeNgxelo yoVavanyo loMbane wokupholisa."
- Amanani omthamo wokupholisa ovuthuzayo: Umzekelo, iyunithi enomthamo wokupholisa we-600W inokuphawulwa njengenomthamo "wokupholisa ophezulu we-800W." Amaxabiso aphezulu amele ukufundwa kwangoko phantsi kweemeko ezinzima kwaye awafumaneki ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo. Xa ukhetha, gxila kuphela "kumthamo wokupholisa olinganiselweyo."
Khumbula Imigaqo Emi-3 Engundoqo
1. Umthamo omkhulu uthetha umthamo ophezulu wokupholisa: Ukonyuka ngakunye komthamo we-100L kongeza malunga ne-50-80W yamandla okupholisa. 2. Iindawo ezishushu ngakumbi kunye nokuvuleka rhoqo kweminyango kufuna umthamo owongezelelweyo: Yongeza ubuncinci i-10% ye-buffer kwisiphumo esibaliweyo. 3. Beka phambili ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla eBanga loku-1: Kumthamo ofanayo wokupholisa, ukusebenza kakuhle kweBanga loku-1 konga i-1-2 kWh imihla ngemihla xa kuthelekiswa neBanga lesi-5, nto leyo ebuyisela umahluko wexabiso lokuthenga kwiinyanga ezintandathu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Disemba-16-2025 Imbono: